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Synthetic polymers:A review of applications in drilling fluids 被引量:1
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作者 Shadfar Davoodi Mohammed Al-Shargabi +2 位作者 David A.Wood Valeriy S.Rukavishnikov Konstantin M.Minaev 《Petroleum Science》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第1期475-518,共44页
With the growth of deep drilling and the complexity of the well profile,the requirements for a more complete and efficient exploitation of productive formations increase,which increases the risk of various complicatio... With the growth of deep drilling and the complexity of the well profile,the requirements for a more complete and efficient exploitation of productive formations increase,which increases the risk of various complications.Currently,reagents based on modified natural polymers(which are naturally occurring compounds)and synthetic polymers(SPs)which are polymeric compounds created industrially,are widely used to prevent emerging complications in the drilling process.However,compared to modified natural polymers,SPs form a family of high-molecular-weight compounds that are fully synthesized by undergoing chemical polymerization reactions.SPs provide substantial flexibility in their design.Moreover,their size and chemical composition can be adjusted to provide properties for nearly all the functional objectives of drilling fluids.They can be classified based on chemical ingredients,type of reaction,and their responses to heating.However,some of SPs,due to their structural characteristics,have a high cost,a poor temperature and salt resistance in drilling fluids,and degradation begins when the temperature reaches 130℃.These drawbacks prevent SP use in some medium and deep wells.Thus,this review addresses the historical development,the characteristics,manufacturing methods,classification,and the applications of SPs in drilling fluids.The contributions of SPs as additives to drilling fluids to enhance rheology,filtrate generation,carrying of cuttings,fluid lubricity,and clay/shale stability are explained in detail.The mechanisms,impacts,and advances achieved when SPs are added to drilling fluids are also described.The typical challenges encountered by SPs when deployed in drilling fluids and their advantages and drawbacks are also discussed.Economic issues also impact the applications of SPs in drilling fluids.Consequently,the cost of the most relevant SPs,and the monomers used in their synthesis,are assessed.Environmental impacts of SPs when deployed in drilling fluids,and their manufacturing processes are identified,together with advances in SP-treatment methods aimed at reducing those impacts.Recommendations for required future research addressing SP property and performance gaps are provided. 展开更多
关键词 synthetic versus natural polymers Nanopolymers Drilling fluid additives LUBRICITY Clay swelling Hole cleaning
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In-phase and out-of-phase spin pumping effects in Py/Ru/Pysynthetic antiferromagnetic structures
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作者 Zhaocong Huang Xuejian Tang +5 位作者 Qian Chen Wei Jiang Qingjie Guo Milad Jalali Jun Du Ya Zhai 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第9期541-545,共5页
The spin pumping effect in magnetic heterostructures and multilayers is a highly effective method for the generationand transmission of spin currents. In the increasingly prominent synthetic antiferromagnetic structur... The spin pumping effect in magnetic heterostructures and multilayers is a highly effective method for the generationand transmission of spin currents. In the increasingly prominent synthetic antiferromagnetic structures, the two ferromagneticlayers demonstrate in-phase and out-of-phase states, corresponding to acoustic and optical precession modes. Withinthis context, our study explores the spin pumping effect in Py/Ru/Py synthetic antiferromagnetic structures across differentmodes. The heightened magnetic damping resulting from the spin pumping effect in the in-phase state initially decreaseswith increasing Py thickness before stabilizing. Conversely, in the out-of-phase state, the amplified damping exceeds thatof the in-phase state, suggesting a greater spin relaxation within this configuration, which demonstrates sensitivity to alterationsin static exchange interactions. These findings contribute to advancing the application of synthetic antiferromagneticstructures in magnonic devices. 展开更多
关键词 SPIN PUMPING SPIN transmission synthetic ANTIFERROMAGNETIC STRUCTURES SPIN dynamics
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Preparation of a high-performance synthetic pitch from aromatic hydrocarbons containing N/Cl
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作者 ZHANG Yu-kun LIN Xiong-chao +3 位作者 GAO Hong-feng XI Wen-shuai WANG Cai-hong WANG Yong-gang 《新型炭材料(中英文)》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第4期655-667,共13页
The preparation of a synthetic pitch from aromatic monomers could easily regulate structure orientation at the molecu-lar level,which would be useful in fabrication.An isotropic synthetic pitch was prepared by a chlor... The preparation of a synthetic pitch from aromatic monomers could easily regulate structure orientation at the molecu-lar level,which would be useful in fabrication.An isotropic synthetic pitch was prepared by a chlorine-and/or nitrogen-induced sub-stitution polymerization reaction method using aromatic hydrocarbon precursors containing Cl and N,which for this study were chloromethyl naphthalene and quinoline.This method was verified by investigating the structural changes under different synthesis conditions,and the synthesis mechanism induced by aromatics containing Cl was also probed.The result shows that the pyridinic N in quinoline contains a lone pair of electrons,and is an effective active site to induce the polymerization reaction by coupling with aromatic hydrocarbons containing Cl.The reaction between such free radicals causes strong homopolymerization and oligomeriza-tion.A higher reaction temperature and longer reaction time significantly increased the degree of polymerization and thus increased the softening point of the pitch.A linear molecular structure was formed by the Cl substitution reaction,which produced a highly spinnable pitch with a softening point of 258.6℃,and carbon fibers with a tensile strength of 1163.82 MPa were obtained.This study provides a relatively simple and safe method for the preparation of high-quality spinnable pitch. 展开更多
关键词 QUINOLINE 1-Chloromethyl-naphthalene synthetic pitch SPINNABILITY Carbon fiber
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CO_(2)capture costs of chemical looping combustion of biomass:A comparison of natural and synthetic oxygen carrier
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作者 Benjamin Fleiß Juraj Priscak +3 位作者 Martin Hammerschmid Josef Fuchs Stefan Müller Hermann Hofbauer 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第5期296-310,共15页
Chemical looping combustion has the potential to be an efficient and low-cost technology capable of contributing to the reduction of the atmospheric concentration of CO_(2) in order to reach the 1.5/2°C goal and ... Chemical looping combustion has the potential to be an efficient and low-cost technology capable of contributing to the reduction of the atmospheric concentration of CO_(2) in order to reach the 1.5/2°C goal and mitigate climate change.In this process,a metal oxide is used as oxygen carrier in a dual fluidized bed to generate clean CO_(2) via combustion of biomass.Most commonly,natural ores or synthetic materials are used as oxygen carrier whereas both must meet special requirements for the conversion of solid fuels.Synthetic oxygen carriers are characterized by higher reactivity at the expense of higher costs versus the lower-cost natural ores.To determine the viability of both possibilities,a techno-economic comparison of a synthetic material based on manganese,iron,and copper to the natural ore ilmenite was conducted.The synthetic oxygen carrier was characterized and tested in a pilot plant,where high combustion efficiencies up to 98.4%and carbon capture rates up to 98.5%were reached.The techno-economic assessment resulted in CO_(2) capture costs of 75 and 40€/tCO_(2) for the synthetic and natural ore route respectively,whereas a sensitivity analysis showed the high impact of production costs and attrition rates of the synthetic material.The synthetic oxygen carrier could break even with the natural ore in case of lower production costs and attrition rates,which could be reached by adapting the production process and recycling material.By comparison to state-of-the-art technologies,it is demonstrated that both routes are viable and the capture cost of CO_(2) could be reduced by implementing the chemical looping combustion technology. 展开更多
关键词 Chemical looping combustion BECCS Techno-economic assessment CO_(2)capture costs Oxygen carrier development synthetic materials ILMENITE
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New food sources and production systems:a comparison of international regulations and China’s advancements in novel foods with synthetic biology
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作者 Xin Liu Di Wu +1 位作者 Yi Shao Yongning Wu 《Food Science and Human Wellness》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第5期2519-2542,共24页
The global shift towards sustainable food systems has sparked innovations in food sources and production systems,including cell-based meat,plant-based food products,precision fermentation,and 3D food printing.These ad... The global shift towards sustainable food systems has sparked innovations in food sources and production systems,including cell-based meat,plant-based food products,precision fermentation,and 3D food printing.These advancements pose regulatory challenges and opportunities,with China emerging as a critical player in adopting and regulating new food technologies.This review explores the international landscape of new food sources and production systems(NFPS),focusing on China’s role and regulatory approaches compared to global practices.Through this comparative analysis,we aim to contribute to the ongoing dialogue on food safety regulation,offering insights and recommendations for policymakers,industry stakeholders,and researchers engaged in the global food system’s evolution.This comprehensive overview underscores the dynamic nature of regulatory frameworks governing NFPS,highlighting the international efforts to ensure food safety,consumer protection,and the sustainable evolution of the food industry. 展开更多
关键词 New food sources Food production system Food safety International regulation synthetic biology China
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The occurrence,inheritance,and segregation of complex genomic structural variation in synthetic Brassica napus
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作者 Dandan Hu Jin Lu +12 位作者 Wenwen Li Yinghui Yang Junxiong Xu Han Qin Hao Wang Yan Niu Huaiqi Zhang Qingqing Liu Xiangxiang He Annaliese S.Mason JChris Pires Zhiyong Xiong Jun Zou 《The Crop Journal》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第2期515-528,共14页
"Synthetic"allopolyploids recreated by interspecific hybridization play an important role in providing novel genomic variation for crop improvement.Such synthetic allopolyploids often undergo rapid genomic s... "Synthetic"allopolyploids recreated by interspecific hybridization play an important role in providing novel genomic variation for crop improvement.Such synthetic allopolyploids often undergo rapid genomic structural variation(SV).However,how such SV arises,is inherited and fixed,and how it affects important traits,has rarely been comprehensively and quantitively studied in advanced generation synthetic lines.A better understanding of these processes will aid breeders in knowing how to best utilize synthetic allopolyploids in breeding programs.Here,we analyzed three genetic mapping populations(735 DH lines)derived from crosses between advanced synthetic and conventional Brassica napus(rapeseed)lines,using whole-genome sequencing to determine genome composition.We observed high tolerance of large structural variants,particularly toward the telomeres,and preferential selection for balanced homoeologous exchanges(duplication/deletion events between the A and C genomes resulting in retention of gene/chromosome dosage between homoeologous chromosome pairs),including stable events involving whole chromosomes("pseudoeuploidy").Given the experimental design(all three populations shared a common parent),we were able to observe that parental SV was regularly inherited,showed genetic hitchhiking effects on segregation,and was one of the major factors inducing adjacent novel and larger SV.Surprisingly,novel SV occurred at low frequencies with no significant impacts on observed fertility and yield-related traits in the advanced generation synthetic lines.However,incorporating genome-wide SV in linkage mapping explained significantly more genetic variance for traits.Our results provide a framework for detecting and understanding the occurrence and inheritance of genomic SV in breeding programs,and support the use of synthetic parents as an important source of novel trait variation. 展开更多
关键词 ALLOPOLYPLOID Large Genome structural variation Linkage mapping synthetic polyploids Inheritance and segregation
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A synthetic diagnostics platform for microwave imaging diagnostics in tokamaks
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作者 李子涵 杨尚川 +5 位作者 徐新航 张立夫 渠承明 李诚普 庄革 谢锦林 《Plasma Science and Technology》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第3期38-45,共8页
Interpreting experimental diagnostics data in tokamaks,while considering non-ideal effects,is challenging due to the complexity of plasmas.To address this challenge,a general synthetic diagnostics(GSD)platform has bee... Interpreting experimental diagnostics data in tokamaks,while considering non-ideal effects,is challenging due to the complexity of plasmas.To address this challenge,a general synthetic diagnostics(GSD)platform has been established that facilitates microwave imaging reflectometry and electron cyclotron emission imaging.This platform utilizes plasma profiles as input and incorporates the finite-difference time domain,ray tracing and the radiative transfer equation to calculate the propagation of plasma spontaneous radiation and the external electromagnetic field in plasmas.Benchmark tests for classical cases have been conducted to verify the accuracy of every core module in the GSD platform.Finally,2D imaging of a typical electron temperature distribution is reproduced by this platform and the results are consistent with the given real experimental data.This platform also has the potential to be extended to 3D electromagnetic field simulations and other microwave diagnostics such as cross-polarization scattering. 展开更多
关键词 synthetic diagnostics tokamak plasmas microwave imaging diagnostics microwave imaging reflectometer electron cyclotron emission imaging
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Predictive modeling for postoperative delirium in elderly patients with abdominal malignancies using synthetic minority oversampling technique
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作者 Wen-Jing Hu Gang Bai +6 位作者 Yan Wang Dong-Mei Hong Jin-Hua Jiang Jia-Xun Li Yin Hua Xin-Yu Wang Ying Chen 《World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology》 SCIE 2024年第4期1227-1235,共9页
BACKGROUND Postoperative delirium,particularly prevalent in elderly patients after abdominal cancer surgery,presents significant challenges in clinical management.AIM To develop a synthetic minority oversampling techn... BACKGROUND Postoperative delirium,particularly prevalent in elderly patients after abdominal cancer surgery,presents significant challenges in clinical management.AIM To develop a synthetic minority oversampling technique(SMOTE)-based model for predicting postoperative delirium in elderly abdominal cancer patients.METHODS In this retrospective cohort study,we analyzed data from 611 elderly patients who underwent abdominal malignant tumor surgery at our hospital between September 2020 and October 2022.The incidence of postoperative delirium was recorded for 7 d post-surgery.Patients were divided into delirium and non-delirium groups based on the occurrence of postoperative delirium or not.A multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify risk factors and develop a predictive model for postoperative delirium.The SMOTE technique was applied to enhance the model by oversampling the delirium cases.The model’s predictive accuracy was then validated.RESULTS In our study involving 611 elderly patients with abdominal malignant tumors,multivariate logistic regression analysis identified significant risk factors for postoperative delirium.These included the Charlson comorbidity index,American Society of Anesthesiologists classification,history of cerebrovascular disease,surgical duration,perioperative blood transfusion,and postoperative pain score.The incidence rate of postoperative delirium in our study was 22.91%.The original predictive model(P1)exhibited an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.862.In comparison,the SMOTE-based logistic early warning model(P2),which utilized the SMOTE oversampling algorithm,showed a slightly lower but comparable area under the curve of 0.856,suggesting no significant difference in performance between the two predictive approaches.CONCLUSION This study confirms that the SMOTE-enhanced predictive model for postoperative delirium in elderly abdominal tumor patients shows performance equivalent to that of traditional methods,effectively addressing data imbalance. 展开更多
关键词 Elderly patients Abdominal cancer Postoperative delirium synthetic minority oversampling technique Predictive modeling Surgical outcomes
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Modulated-ISRJ rejection using online dictionary learning for synthetic aperture radar imagery
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作者 WEI Shaopeng ZHANG Lei +1 位作者 LU Jingyue LIU Hongwei 《Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第2期316-329,共14页
In electromagnetic countermeasures circumstances,synthetic aperture radar(SAR)imagery usually suffers from severe quality degradation from modulated interrupt sampling repeater jamming(MISRJ),which usually owes consid... In electromagnetic countermeasures circumstances,synthetic aperture radar(SAR)imagery usually suffers from severe quality degradation from modulated interrupt sampling repeater jamming(MISRJ),which usually owes considerable coherence with the SAR transmission waveform together with periodical modulation patterns.This paper develops an MISRJ suppression algorithm for SAR imagery with online dictionary learning.In the algorithm,the jamming modulation temporal properties are exploited with extracting and sorting MISRJ slices using fast-time autocorrelation.Online dictionary learning is followed to separate real signals from jamming slices.Under the learned representation,time-varying MISRJs are suppressed effectively.Both simulated and real-measured SAR data are also used to confirm advantages in suppressing time-varying MISRJs over traditional methods. 展开更多
关键词 synthetic aperture radar(SAR) modulated interrupt sampling jamming(MISRJ) online dictionary learning
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Synthetic Aperture Positioning: A Review
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作者 Guangcai Sun Wenlong Dong +1 位作者 Yuqi Wang Mengdao Xing 《Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology》 EI CAS 2024年第2期89-102,共14页
Obtaining precise position of interested emitters passively has wide applications in both civilian and military fields.Different from traditional parameter measurement and direct position determination(DPD)method,rece... Obtaining precise position of interested emitters passively has wide applications in both civilian and military fields.Different from traditional parameter measurement and direct position determination(DPD)method,recently a new passive localization method based on synthetic aper-ture technique,named synthetic aperture positioning(SAP),has been proposed.The method com-pensates for the nonlinear phase produced by relative motion between the moving platform and the emitter,achieving coherent summation of intercepted signals.The SAP can obtain high-resolution and high-precision localization results at a low signal-to-noise ratio.This paper summarizes the research progress of SAP,including localization principles,spaceborne applications,and application scope analysis.Besides,the possible future outlook of SAP is considered. 展开更多
关键词 passive localization synthetic aperture positioning coherent processing
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High-Precision DOA Estimation Method Based on Synthetic Aperture Technique
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作者 Yongjia Dou Guangcai Sun +1 位作者 Yuqi Wang Mengdao Xing 《Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology》 EI CAS 2024年第2期111-118,共8页
The existing direction-of-arrival(DOA)estimation methods only utilize the current received signals,which are susceptible to noise.In this paper,a method for DOA estimation based on a motion platform is proposed to ach... The existing direction-of-arrival(DOA)estimation methods only utilize the current received signals,which are susceptible to noise.In this paper,a method for DOA estimation based on a motion platform is proposed to achieve high-precision DOA estimation by utilizing past and present signals.The concept of synthetic aperture is introduced to construct a linear DOA estima-tion model.A DOA fine-tuning method based on the linear model is proposed to eliminate the lin-ear DOA variation,achieving a non-coherent accumulation of DOA estimations.Moreover,the baseband modulation and the phase modulation caused by the range history are compensated to achieve the coherent accumulation of all the DOA estimations.Simulation results show that the proposed method can significantly improve the DOA estimated accuracy at low signal-to-noise ratios(SNR). 展开更多
关键词 synthetic aperture direction-of-arrival(DOA)estimation coherent accumulation
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Life-threatening constrictive pericarditis accompanied by synthetic cannabinoid use:A case report and literature review
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作者 Mahsa Behnemoon Razieh Omidvar +2 位作者 Zeinab Sadat Fattah Jahromi Alireza Salmanipour Erfan Kohansal 《Journal of Acute Disease》 2024年第3期116-120,共5页
Rationale:Synthetic cannabinoids are increasingly used as recreational drugs and have been associated with adverse cardiovascular effects.However,reports of synthetic cannabinoids accompanied by constrictive pericardi... Rationale:Synthetic cannabinoids are increasingly used as recreational drugs and have been associated with adverse cardiovascular effects.However,reports of synthetic cannabinoids accompanied by constrictive pericarditis are limited.Patient’s concern:A 28-year-old male with a history of synthetic cannabinoid(Bonzai)abuse presented with chest discomfort,dyspnea,and lower extremity edema.Investigations revealed reduced left ventricular ejection fraction,elevated inflammatory markers,low electrocardiogram voltages,and atrial fibrillation.Diagnosis:Chest spiral computerized tomography scan and chest X-ray demonstrated pericardial calcification.Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and right heart catheterization were done to confirm the possibility of constrictive pericarditis.Based on the patient’s addiction history and exclusion of rheumatologic and infectious causes,it was supposed that constrictive pericarditis and cardiomyopathy may be accompanied by synthetic cannabinoid use.Interventions:The patient received standard medical therapy,including loop diuretics for cardiomyopathy and constrictive pericarditis.Catheter ablation was recommended for his rhythm control,and he was planned for close monitoring of clinical and echocardiographic response and evaluation of the need for surgical pericardiectomy in the future.Outcomes:After 6 months follow-up,echocardiographic exam revealed no significant improvement in ventricular function.However,due to the high surgical risk,the patient’s poor compliance,and the continuation of drug abuse,he was not a good candidate for surgery according to our heart team’s decision.Lessons:Synthetic cannabinoids can trigger constrictive pericarditis,and clinicians should consider them when evaluating patients with compatible symptoms and exposure history.Further research on the cardiovascular effects of synthetic cannabinoids is needed and public education on potential harms is warranted. 展开更多
关键词 Bonzai Constrictive pericarditis synthetic cannabinoids CARDIOMYOPATHY MYOCARDITIS
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A synthetic differencein-differences model for the influence of CR Express on Chongqing's economy
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作者 Rong Zhang Qi Li 《Railway Sciences》 2024年第3期295-310,共16页
Purpose-The China-Europe Railway Express(CR Express)in Chongqing has operated regularly and undergone large-scale development.Its impact on Chongqing's economic growth has become increasingly evident,necessitating... Purpose-The China-Europe Railway Express(CR Express)in Chongqing has operated regularly and undergone large-scale development.Its impact on Chongqing's economic growth has become increasingly evident,necessitating further research in this field.Design/methodology/approach-This study employs the opening of CR Express as a quasi-natural experiment,designating Chongqing,which inaugurated the CR Express in 2011,as the treatment group.13 provinces and cities that had not yet opened the CR Express until 2017 were selected as the control group.Utilizing panel data from 14 provinces across China spanning from 2006 to 2017,the synthetic control method(SCM)is employed to synthetically construct Chongqing.To quantify the difference in economic development levels between Chongqing with the operation of the CR express and Chongqing without its operation.Key metrics such as gross domestic product(GDP),per capita GDP,total retail sales of consumer goods,import and export value and the proportions of the secondary and tertiary industries are employed to measure urban economic development capabilities.Chongqing is designated as the experimental group,and a double-difference model is constructed to regress the operation of the CR Express against economic development capabilities.Robustness tests are conducted to validate the analytical results.Findings-The results indicate that,compared to provinces without the operation of the CR Express,the initiation of the CR Express in Chongqing significantly enhances the economic development level of the city.The opening of the CR Express exhibits a pronounced positive impact on Chongqing's economic development,and these findings remain robust and effective even after parallel trend tests and placebo tests.Originalitylvalue-The study represents an expansion of the theoretical framework.In contrast to previous studies that relied on a single indicator such as GDP,this study selects six indicators from the dimensions of economy,trade and industry to measure regional economic development capabilities.Furthermore,employing the grey relational analysis method,the study screens these indicators,thereby providing a theoretical basis for the selection of indicators for measuring regional economic development capabilities. 展开更多
关键词 CR Express Regional economic development synthetic model Difference-indifferences method Papertype Research paper
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Exploration on Teaching Reform of Synthetic Biology Course Based on the New Engineering Concept
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作者 Jie CHENG Shunyang HU +3 位作者 Fangkun YU Jiamin ZHANG Bingliang LIU Yin ZHANG 《Agricultural Biotechnology》 2024年第3期86-89,共4页
Synthetic biology is a new frontier of life science,which aims to design,transform and even synthesize organisms with engineering design concept.Doing a good job in the teaching of"synthetic biology"is of gr... Synthetic biology is a new frontier of life science,which aims to design,transform and even synthesize organisms with engineering design concept.Doing a good job in the teaching of"synthetic biology"is of great significance to the cultivation and reserve of biotechnology professionals in China,and also has an important impact on students' employment competitiveness.Under the background of"new engineering",the course reform of"synthetic biology"was carried out in terms of the construction of teaching staff,teaching methods,students' participation and the innovation of course content,and specific reform suggestions were put forward,hoping to effectively promote the sustainable development of"synthetic biology"and effectively improve the quality of education. 展开更多
关键词 Teaching reform synthetic biology Teaching innovation Teaching methods
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Nonlinear Time History Analysis for the Different Column Orientations under Seismic Wave Synthetic Approach
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作者 Mo Shi Peng Wang +1 位作者 Xiaoyan Xu Yeol Choi 《World Journal of Engineering and Technology》 2024年第3期587-616,共30页
The significant impact of earthquakes on human lives and the built environment underscores the extensive human and economic losses caused by structural collapses. Over the years, researchers have focused on improving ... The significant impact of earthquakes on human lives and the built environment underscores the extensive human and economic losses caused by structural collapses. Over the years, researchers have focused on improving seismic design to mitigate earthquake-induced damages and enhance structural performance. In this study, a specific reinforced concrete (RC) frame structure at Kyungpook National University, designed for educational purposes, is analyzed as a representative case. Utilizing SAP 2000, the research conducts a nonlinear time history analysis to assess the structural performance under seismic conditions. The primary objective is to evaluate the influence of different column section designs, while maintaining identical column section areas, on structural behavior. The study employs two distinct seismic waves from Abeno (ABN) and Takatori (TKT) for the analysis, comparing the structural performance under varying seismic conditions. Key aspects examined include displacement, base shear force, base moment, joint radians, and layer displacement angle. This research is anticipated to serve as a valuable reference for seismic restraint reinforcement work on RC buildings, enriching the methods used for evaluating structures through nonlinear time history analysis based on the synthetic seismic wave approach. 展开更多
关键词 Nonlinear Time History Analysis Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis Seismic Wave synthetic Seismic Restraint RC Frame Structure Column Orientation
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A Study of EM Algorithm as an Imputation Method: A Model-Based Simulation Study with Application to a Synthetic Compositional Data
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作者 Yisa Adeniyi Abolade Yichuan Zhao 《Open Journal of Modelling and Simulation》 2024年第2期33-42,共10页
Compositional data, such as relative information, is a crucial aspect of machine learning and other related fields. It is typically recorded as closed data or sums to a constant, like 100%. The statistical linear mode... Compositional data, such as relative information, is a crucial aspect of machine learning and other related fields. It is typically recorded as closed data or sums to a constant, like 100%. The statistical linear model is the most used technique for identifying hidden relationships between underlying random variables of interest. However, data quality is a significant challenge in machine learning, especially when missing data is present. The linear regression model is a commonly used statistical modeling technique used in various applications to find relationships between variables of interest. When estimating linear regression parameters which are useful for things like future prediction and partial effects analysis of independent variables, maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) is the method of choice. However, many datasets contain missing observations, which can lead to costly and time-consuming data recovery. To address this issue, the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm has been suggested as a solution for situations including missing data. The EM algorithm repeatedly finds the best estimates of parameters in statistical models that depend on variables or data that have not been observed. This is called maximum likelihood or maximum a posteriori (MAP). Using the present estimate as input, the expectation (E) step constructs a log-likelihood function. Finding the parameters that maximize the anticipated log-likelihood, as determined in the E step, is the job of the maximization (M) phase. This study looked at how well the EM algorithm worked on a made-up compositional dataset with missing observations. It used both the robust least square version and ordinary least square regression techniques. The efficacy of the EM algorithm was compared with two alternative imputation techniques, k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) and mean imputation (), in terms of Aitchison distances and covariance. 展开更多
关键词 Compositional Data Linear Regression Model Least Square Method Robust Least Square Method synthetic Data Aitchison Distance Maximum Likelihood Estimation Expectation-Maximization Algorithm k-Nearest Neighbor and Mean imputation
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Development of a building information model-guided post-earthquake building inspection framework using 3D synthetic environments 被引量:1
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作者 Nathaniel M.Levine Yasutaka Narazaki Billie F.Spencer 《Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration》 SCIE EI CSCD 2023年第2期279-307,共29页
Computer vision-based inspection methods show promise for automating post-earthquake building inspections.These methods survey a building with unmanned aerial vehicles and automatically detect damage in the collected ... Computer vision-based inspection methods show promise for automating post-earthquake building inspections.These methods survey a building with unmanned aerial vehicles and automatically detect damage in the collected images.Nevertheless,assessing the damage′s impact on structural safety requires localizing damage to specific building components with known design and function.This paper proposes a BIM-based automated inspection framework to provide context for visual surveys.A deep learning-based semantic segmentation algorithm is trained to automatically identify damage in images.The BIM automatically associates any identified damage with specific building components.Then,components are classified into damage states consistent with component fragility models for integration with a structural analysis.To demonstrate the framework,methods are developed to photorealistically simulate severe structural damage in a synthetic computer graphics environment.A graphics model of a real building in Urbana,Illinois,is generated to test the framework;the model is integrated with a structural analysis to apply earthquake damage in a physically realistic manner.A simulated UAV survey is flown of the graphics model and the framework is applied.The method achieves high accuracy in assigning damage states to visible structural components.This assignment enables integration with a performance-based earthquake assessment to classify building safety. 展开更多
关键词 computer vision earthquake engineering building information model physics-based graphics model synthetic environment
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Are Ni/and Ni5Fe1/biochar catalysts suitable for synthetic natural gas production?A comparison with g-Al2O3 supported catalysts 被引量:1
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作者 M.Gonzalez-Castano C.Morales +4 位作者 J.C.Navarro de Miguel J.H.Boelte O.Klepel J.I.Flege H.Arellano-García 《Green Energy & Environment》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第3期744-756,共13页
Among challenges implicit in the transition to the post-fossil fuel energetic model,the finite amount of resources available for the technological implementation of CO_(2) revalorizing processes arises as a central is... Among challenges implicit in the transition to the post-fossil fuel energetic model,the finite amount of resources available for the technological implementation of CO_(2) revalorizing processes arises as a central issue.The development of fully renewable catalytic systems with easier metal recovery strategies would promote the viability and sustainability of synthetic natural gas production circular routes.Taking Ni and NiFe catalysts supported over g-Al_(2)O_(3) oxide as reference materials,this work evaluates the potentiality of Ni and NiFe supported biochar catalysts for CO_(2) methanation.The development of competitive biochar catalysts was found dependent on the creation of basic sites on the catalyst surface.Displaying lower Turn Over Frequencies than Ni/Al catalyst,the absence of basic sites achieved over Ni/C catalyst was related to the depleted catalyst performances.For NiFe catalysts,analogous Ni_(5)Fe_(1) alloys were constituted over both alumina and biochar supports.The highest specific activity of the catalyst series,exhibited by the NiFe/C catalyst,was related to the development of surface basic sites along with weaker NiFe-C interactions,which resulted in increased Ni0:NiO surface populations under reaction conditions.In summary,the present work establishes biochar supports as a competitive material to consider within the future low-carbon energetic panorama. 展开更多
关键词 Biochar catalysts Carbon catalysts Ni catalysts NiFe alloy Bimetallic catalysts synthetic natural gas CO_(2)methanation
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Current advances of biocontainment strategy in synthetic biology
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作者 Xueying Zhu Zhaoyang Zhang +1 位作者 Bin Jia Yingjin Yuan 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第4期141-151,共11页
Synthetic biotechnology has led to the widespread application of genetically modified organisms(GMOs)in biochemistry, bioenergy, and therapy. However, the uncontrolled spread of GMOs may lead to genetic contamination ... Synthetic biotechnology has led to the widespread application of genetically modified organisms(GMOs)in biochemistry, bioenergy, and therapy. However, the uncontrolled spread of GMOs may lead to genetic contamination by horizontal gene transfer, resulting in unpredictable biosafety risks. To deal with these challenges, many effective methods have been developed for biocontainment. In this article, we summarize and discuss recent advances in biocontainment strategies from three aspects: DNA replication, transcriptional regulation, and protein translation. We also briefly introduce the efforts in the biocontainment convention, such as the recent publication of the Tianjin Biosecurity Guidelines for the Code of Conduct for Scientists. 展开更多
关键词 Genetically modified organisms(GMOs) Biocontainment BIOSECURITY synthetic biology Molecular biology BIOTECHNOLOGY
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Skyrmion-based logic gates controlled by electric currents in synthetic antiferromagnet
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作者 李林霖 罗佳 +3 位作者 夏静 周艳 刘小晰 赵国平 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第1期522-529,共8页
Skyrmions in synthetic antiferromagnetic(SAF) systems have attracted much attention in recent years due to their superior stability, high-speed mobility, and completely compensated skyrmion Hall effect. They are promi... Skyrmions in synthetic antiferromagnetic(SAF) systems have attracted much attention in recent years due to their superior stability, high-speed mobility, and completely compensated skyrmion Hall effect. They are promising building blocks for the next generation of magnetic storage and computing devices with ultra-low energy and ultra-high density.Here, we theoretically investigate the motion of a skyrmion in an SAF bilayer racetrack and find the velocity of a skyrmion can be controlled jointly by the edge effect and the driving force induced by the spin current. Furthermore, we propose a logic gate that can realize different logic functions of logic AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, and XOR gates. Several effects including the spin–orbit torque, the skyrmion Hall effect, skyrmion–skyrmion repulsion, and skyrmion–edge interaction are considered in this design. Our work may provide a way to utilize the SAF skyrmion as a versatile information carrier for future energy-efficient logic gates. 展开更多
关键词 SKYRMIONS logic gates synthetic antiferromagnets micromagnetic simulation
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