We study the formation of vortices in a dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate in a synthetic magnetic field by numerically solving the Gross-Pitaevskii equation. The formation process depends on the dipole strength, the ro...We study the formation of vortices in a dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate in a synthetic magnetic field by numerically solving the Gross-Pitaevskii equation. The formation process depends on the dipole strength, the rotating frequency, the potential geometry, and the orientation of the dipoles. We make an extensive comparison with vortices created by a rotating trap, especially focusing on the issues of the critical rotating frequency and the vortex number as a function of the rotating frequency. We observe that a higher rotating frequency is needed to generate a large number of vortices and the anisotropic interaction manifests itself as a perceptible difference in the vortex formation. Furthermore, a large dipole strength or aspect ratio also can increase the number of vortices effectively. In particular, we discuss the validity of the Feynman rule.展开更多
The rotational properties of Bose-Einstein condensates in a synthetic magnetic field are studied by numerically solving the Gross-Pitaevskii equation and comparing the results to those of condensates confined in a rot...The rotational properties of Bose-Einstein condensates in a synthetic magnetic field are studied by numerically solving the Gross-Pitaevskii equation and comparing the results to those of condensates confined in a rotating trap. It appears to be more difficult to add a large angular momentum to condensates spun up by the synthetic magnetic field than by the rotating trap. However, strength- ening the repulsive interaction between atoms is an effective and realizable route to overcoming this problem and can at least generate vortex-lattice-like structures. In addition, the validity of the Feynman rule for condensates in the synthetic magnetic field is verified.展开更多
We propose a theoretical scheme to realize nonreciprocal transition between two energy levels that can not coupled directly.Suppose they are coupled indirectly by two auxiliary levels with a cyclic four-level configur...We propose a theoretical scheme to realize nonreciprocal transition between two energy levels that can not coupled directly.Suppose they are coupled indirectly by two auxiliary levels with a cyclic four-level configuration,and the four transitions in the cyclic configuration are controlled by external fields.The indirectly transition become nonreciprocal when the time reversal symmetry of the system is broken by the synthetic magnetic flux,i.e.,the total phase of the external driving fields through the cyclic four-level configuration.The nonreciprocal transition can be identified by the elimination of a spectral line in the spontaneous emission spectrum.Our work introduces a feasible way to observe nonreciprocal transition in a wide range of multi-level systems,including natural atoms or ions with parity symmetry.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11274039)the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2013CB922002)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China
文摘We study the formation of vortices in a dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate in a synthetic magnetic field by numerically solving the Gross-Pitaevskii equation. The formation process depends on the dipole strength, the rotating frequency, the potential geometry, and the orientation of the dipoles. We make an extensive comparison with vortices created by a rotating trap, especially focusing on the issues of the critical rotating frequency and the vortex number as a function of the rotating frequency. We observe that a higher rotating frequency is needed to generate a large number of vortices and the anisotropic interaction manifests itself as a perceptible difference in the vortex formation. Furthermore, a large dipole strength or aspect ratio also can increase the number of vortices effectively. In particular, we discuss the validity of the Feynman rule.
基金s The authors are grateful to Weizbu Bao for valuable assistance in the numerical and programming techniques. This work was supported by the National Key Basic Research Pro- grain of China (Grant No. 2013CB922002), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11074021), and the Fun- damental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China.
文摘The rotational properties of Bose-Einstein condensates in a synthetic magnetic field are studied by numerically solving the Gross-Pitaevskii equation and comparing the results to those of condensates confined in a rotating trap. It appears to be more difficult to add a large angular momentum to condensates spun up by the synthetic magnetic field than by the rotating trap. However, strength- ening the repulsive interaction between atoms is an effective and realizable route to overcoming this problem and can at least generate vortex-lattice-like structures. In addition, the validity of the Feynman rule for condensates in the synthetic magnetic field is verified.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grant No.12064010the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China under Grant No.2021JJ20036,and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province of China under Grant No.20192ACB21002.A.-X.C.is supported by NSFC under Grant No.11775190.
文摘We propose a theoretical scheme to realize nonreciprocal transition between two energy levels that can not coupled directly.Suppose they are coupled indirectly by two auxiliary levels with a cyclic four-level configuration,and the four transitions in the cyclic configuration are controlled by external fields.The indirectly transition become nonreciprocal when the time reversal symmetry of the system is broken by the synthetic magnetic flux,i.e.,the total phase of the external driving fields through the cyclic four-level configuration.The nonreciprocal transition can be identified by the elimination of a spectral line in the spontaneous emission spectrum.Our work introduces a feasible way to observe nonreciprocal transition in a wide range of multi-level systems,including natural atoms or ions with parity symmetry.