Synthetic analysis of meteorological elements for the sea fogs occurred in northwest the Yellow Sea under low pressure control and comparison with sea fogs occurred under high pressure control in summer

Based on the principle of transient perturbation analysis,in this paper,a method to objectively determine the weather pattern formed by sea fog is provided.On the basis of the classification results,the circulation situation,divergence and vertical velocity field,and the vertical profile of temperature and humidity are synthesized and analyzed.The basic characteristics of the circulation and physical field of sea fog under low pressure control(L type sea fog)are obtained,and the results are compared with the sea fog under the control of high pressure(H type sea fog):a)L type sea fogs potential height anomaly disturbance is mainly manifested in the low layer,and its average value is-65.66 gpm,gradually weakening upward;b)L type sea fogs inversion structure is weaker than H type sea fogs when it occurs,the fog layer is thicker and the high relative humidity level is high over the fog layer,while the H type sea fogs fog layer has a relatively obvious dry layer;c)L sea fog has three layers of structure at the vertical direction.The first layer 1000-950 hPa is convergence accompanied by weak rise and subsidence,the second layer 950-850 hPa is divergence accompanied by weak subsidence,and the third layer 850 to 500hPa is gradually strengthened.While there are two layer structures of the H type sea fog.1000 hPa is divergence accompanied by weak rising and sinking movement,950-500 hPa is a uniform subsidence movement.d)Probability density statistical analysis further quantified the vertical movement of L and H type sea fog and the distribution of relative humidity in each layer.These conclusions provide an important reference for forecasting the sea fog in the northwest of the Yellow Sea under the condition of low pressure circulation in summer.

Quantitative Analysis of Seeing with Height and Time at Muztagh-Ata Site Based on ERA5 Database

Seeing is an important index to evaluate the quality of an astronomical site.To estimate seeing at the Muztagh-Ata site with height and time quantitatively,the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts reanalysis database(ERA5)is used.Seeing calculated from ERA5 is compared consistently with the Differential Image Motion Monitor seeing at the height of 12 m.Results show that seeing decays exponentially with height at the Muztagh-Ata site.Seeing decays the fastest in fall in 2021 and most slowly with height in summer.The seeing condition is better in fall than in summer.The median value of seeing at 12 m is 0.89 arcsec,the maximum value is1.21 arcsec in August and the minimum is 0.66 arcsec in October.The median value of seeing at 12 m is 0.72arcsec in the nighttime and 1.08 arcsec in the daytime.Seeing is a combination of annual and about biannual variations with the same phase as temperature and wind speed indicating that seeing variation with time is influenced by temperature and wind speed.The Richardson number Ri is used to analyze the atmospheric stability and the variations of seeing are consistent with Ri between layers.These quantitative results can provide an important reference for a telescopic observation strategy.

Application of the homotopy analysis method to nonlinear characteristics of a piezoelectric semiconductor fiber

Based on the nonlinear constitutive equation,a piezoelectric semiconductor(PSC)fiber under axial loads and Ohmic contact boundary conditions is investigated.The analytical solutions of electromechanical fields are derived by the homotopy analysis method(HAM),indicating that the HAM is efficient for the nonlinear analysis of PSC fibers,along with a rapid rate of convergence.Furthermore,the nonlinear characteristics of electromechanical fields are discussed through numerical results.It is shown that the asymmetrical distribution of electromechanical fields is obvious under a symmetrical load,and the piezoelectric effect is weakened by an applied electric field.With the increase in the initial carrier concentration,the electric potential decreases,and owing to the screen-ing effect of electrons,the distribution of electromechanical fields tends to be symmetrical.

Effective stress analysis method of seismic response for high tailings dam

Based on the analysis method for tailings dam in upstream raising method presently used in metallurgy and nonferrous metals tailings depository in the world, an effective stress analysis method of seismic response for high tailings dam was developed according to the results of engineering geological exploration, static and dynamic test and stability analysis on Baizhishan tailing dam 113.5 m high. The law of generation, diffusion and dissipation of seismic pore water pressure during and after earthquake was investigated, and the results of tailings dam’s acceleration, seismic dynamic stress and pore water pressure were obtained. The results show that the seismic stability and liquefaction resistance of high tailings dam are strengthened remarkably, and the scope and depth of liquefaction area at the top of dam are reduced greatly. The interior stress is compressive stress, the stress level of every element is less than 1.0 and the safety coefficient of every element is greater than 1.0. The safety coefficient against liquefaction of every element of tailing dam is greater than 1.5 according to the effective stress analysis of seismic response by finite element method. The calculated results prove that liquefaction is the main reason of seismic failure of high tailing dams, and the effect of seismic inertia forces on high tailing dams’ stability during earthquake is secondary reason.

Size-dependent effect on biaxial and shear nonlinear buckling analysis of nonlocal isotropic and orthotropic micro-plate based on surface stress and modified couple stress theories using differential quadrature method

The size-dependent effect on the biaxial and shear nonlinear buckling analysis of an isotropic and orthotropic micro-plate based on the surface stress, the modified couple stress theory （MCST）, and the nonlocal elasticity theories using the differential quadrature method （DQM） is presented. Main advantages of the MCST over the classical theory （CT） are the inclusion of the asymmetric couple stress tensor and the consideration of only one material length scale parameter. Based on the nonlinear von Karman assumption, the governing equations of equilibrium for the micro-classical plate consid- ering midplane displacements are derived based on the minimum principle of potential energy. Using the DQM, the biaxial and shear critical buckling loads of the micro-plate for various boundary conditions are obtained. Accuracy of the obtained results is validated by comparing the solutions with those reported in the literature. A parametric study is conducted to show the effects of the aspect ratio, the side-to-thickness ratio, Eringen＇s nonlocal parameter, the material length scale parameter, Young＇s modulus of the surface layer, the surface residual stress, the polymer matrix coefficients, and various boundary conditions on the dimensionless uniaxial, biaxial, and shear critical buckling loads. The results indicate that the critical buckling loads are strongly sensitive to Eringen＇s nonlocal parameter, the material length scale parameter, and the surface residual stress effects, while the effect of Young＇s modulus of the surface layer on the critical buckling load is negligible. Also, considering the size dependent effect causes the increase in the stiffness of the orthotropic micro-plate. The results show that the critical biaxial buckling load increases with an increase in G12/E2 and vice versa for E1/E2. It is shown that the nonlinear biaxial buckling ratio decreases as the aspect ratio increases and vice versa for the buckling amplitude. Because of the most lightweight micro-composite materials with high strength/weight and stiffness/weight ratios, it is anticipated that the results of the present work are useful in experimental characterization of the mechanical properties of micro-composite plates in the aircraft industry and other engineering applications.

Weakness Ranking Method for Subsystems of Heavy-Duty Machine Tools Based on FMECA Information

Heavy-duty machine tools are composed of many subsystems with different functions,and their reliability is governed by the reliabilities of these subsystems.It is important to rank the weaknesses of subsystems and identify the weakest subsystem to optimize products and improve their reliabilities.However,traditional ranking methods based on failure mode effect and critical analysis(FMECA)does not consider the complex maintenance of products.Herein,a weakness ranking method for the subsystems of heavy-duty machine tools is proposed based on generalized FMECA information.In this method,eight reliability indexes,including maintainability and maintenance cost,are considered in the generalized FMECA information.Subsequently,the cognition best worst method is used to calculate the weight of each screened index,and the weaknesses of the subsystems are ranked using a technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution.Finally,based on the failure data collected from certain domestic heavy-duty horizontal lathes,the weakness ranking result of the subsystems is obtained to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.An improved weakness ranking method that can comprehensively analyze and identify weak subsystems is proposed herein for designing and improving the reliability of complex electromechanical products.

基于SEA的常规导弹封锁机场跑道作战效能分析的系统建模和解析

为快速分析解决常规导弹封锁机场跑道的作战效能,提出了一种基于系统效能分析(SEA)方法的作战效能分析方法。构建了基于SEA方法的常规导弹封锁机场跑道作战效能分析的框架结构和解析模型;结合导弹武器作战攻防体系对抗的特点,给出了封锁把握程度分布密度的计算方法并验证了模型的计算精度,该精度可满足实际作战需求。分析了抛撒子母弹分段切割机场跑道的封锁作战特点,运用成爆弹威力环“切割”跑道的思想,通过判断母弹落点与被“切割”跑道之间的几何关系,确定有利弹着区,在此基础上建立了刻画封锁把握程度的跑道失效概率的解析模型;为了构建反映机场跑道封锁与反封锁对抗过程的封锁时间计算模型,将跑道封锁时间划分为跑道损毁情况判定时间、确定跑道抢修方案时间、排爆作业时间和弹坑修复时间4个部分。构建了排爆作业和弹坑修复阶段作业时间的计算模型,以及封锁时间性能度量的解析模型。对封锁时间性能度量的概率密度函数进行了统计推断。研究结果为后续运用SEA方法进行常规导弹封锁机场跑道作战效能分析奠定了基础。

Comparison of Calibration Curve Method and Partial Least Square Method in the Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Quantitative Analysis

The Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) is a fast, non-contact, no sample preparation analytic technology;it is very suitable for on-line analysis of alloy composition. In the copper smelting industry, analysis and control of the copper alloy concentration affect the quality of the products greatly, so LIBS is an efficient quantitative analysis tech- nology in the copper smelting industry. But for the lead brass, the components of Pb, Al and Ni elements are very low and the atomic emission lines are easily submerged under copper complex characteristic spectral lines because of the matrix effects. So it is difficult to get the online quantitative result of these important elements. In this paper, both the partial least squares (PLS) method and the calibration curve (CC) method are used to quantitatively analyze the laser induced breakdown spectroscopy data which is obtained from the standard lead brass alloy samples. Both the major and trace elements were quantitatively analyzed. By comparing the two results of the different calibration method, some useful results were obtained: both for major and trace elements, the PLS method was better than the CC method in quantitative analysis. And the regression coefficient of PLS method is compared with the original spectral data with background interference to explain the advantage of the PLS method in the LIBS quantitative analysis. Results proved that the PLS method used in laser induced breakdown spectroscopy was suitable for simultaneous quantitative analysis of different content elements in copper smelting industry.

A two-parameter mathematical model for immobilizedenzymes and Homotopy analysis method

A two parameter mathematical model was developed to find the concentration for immobilized enzyme systems in porous spherical particles. This model contains a non-linear term related to reversible Michaelies-Menten kinetics. Analytical expression pertaining to the substrate concentration was reported for all possible values of Thiele module φ and α . In this work, we report the theoretically evaluated steady-state effectiveness factor for immobilized enzyme systems in porous spherical particles. These analytical results were found to be in good agreement with numerical results. Moreover, herein we employ new “Homotopy analysis method” (HAM) to solve non-linear reaction/diffusion equation.

Calculating magnetic shielding effectiveness for high-power dc comparator by magnetic circuit method

Magnetic shielding is very important in the design of a high-power dc comparator. This paper addressed the application of magnetic circuit method to calculate the magnetic shielding effectiveness of high-power dc comparators when an external radial magnetic field is added. The mathematical relationship between the magnetic shielding effectiveness and the parameters of the magnetic shielding body were obtained. To verify the validity of the calculation method, we developped a procedure to measure the magnetic shielding effectiveness of the magnetic body by measuring the induction voltage of the detection winding instead of the magnetic intensity at a point in the magnetic shielding body, making the manipulation much easier. The result calculated with the magnetic circuit method turns out to be closer to the measured one compared with that calculated with a conventional algorithm proposed by Ren, suggesting that the magnetic circuit method is an applicable tool for estimating the toroidal cavity magnetic shielding effectiveness of a heavy current comparator when a radial magnetic field is added.

The Method for Optimum Estimation of COVID-19 Variant Type Virus Infection Status Analysis by the Multivariate Analysis Considering the Environmental Variability Impact in Japan

Currently, the estimated value of the effective reproduction number (ERN), which is an index for grasping the COVID-19 infection status, is used for important planning and evaluation of infection prevention measures. Since ERN in the Sequential SIR model fluctuates in multiple dimensions due to changes in the surrounding environment, it is difficult to set the appropriate accuracy of the uncertainty region of the estimated data. The challenge in this study is to build a mathematical model of infectious disease according to the characteristics and data characteristics of the infectious disease and select an appropriate estimation method. Highly accurate quantitative research that analyzes the validity of “how infectious diseases prevail” from an academic point of view is the key to prediction and estimation in appropriate infection situation analysis. In this study, we adopted a statistical multivariate analysis method (T method) that enables evaluation and prediction of important factors related to ERN estimation and analysis of phenomena that change in real time (time series analysis). It was clarified that it is possible to estimate with higher accuracy by applying the T method to the estimated value of ERN by the current SIR mathematical model.

Revisiting the Seasonal Evolution of the Indian Ocean Dipole from the Perspective of Process-Based Decomposition

The seasonal phase-locking feature of the Indian Ocean Dipole(IOD)is well documented.However,the seasonality ten-dency of sea surface temperature anomalies(SSTAs)during the development of the IOD has not been widely investigated.The SSTA tendencies over the two centers of the IOD peak in September-October-November are of different monthly amplitudes.The SSTA tendency over the west pole is small before June-July-August but dramatically increases in July-August-September.Meanwhile,the SSTA tendency over the east pole gradually increases before June-July-August and decreases since then.The growth rate attribution of the SSTAs is achieved by examining the roles of radiative and non-radiative air-sea coupled thermodynamic processes through the climate feedback-response analysis method(CFRAM).The CFRAM results indicate that oceanic dynamic processes largely contribute to the total SSTA tendency for initiating and fueling the IOD SSTAs,similar to previous studies.However,these results cannot ex-plain the monthly amplitudes of SSTA tendency.Four negative feedback processes(cloud radiative feedback,atmospheric dynamic processes,surface sensible,and latent heat flux)together play a damping role opposite to the SSTA tendency.Nevertheless,the sea surface temperature-water vapor feedback shows positive feedback.Specifically,variations in SSTAs can change water vapor con-centrations through evaporation,resulting in anomalous longwave radiation that amplifies the initial SSTAs through positive feedback.The effect of water vapor feedback is well in-phase with the monthly amplitudes of SSTA tendency,suggesting that the water vapor feedback might modulate the seasonally dependent SSTA tendency during the development of the IOD.

黑龙江省保护性耕作技术实施效果统计分析

为跟踪东北黑土地保护性耕作行动计划实施状况,促进保护性耕作技术规范应用,对黑龙江省机械化保护性耕作技术实施情况进行抽样评估具有重要意义。为此,采用五点取样法实测调查抽样县(区)实施保护性耕作地块的保护性耕作方式、动土情况及秸秆覆盖率,调查并对比分析保护性耕作地块与相邻的非保护性耕作地块玉米株高、杂草及病虫发生情况。结果表明:黑龙江省采用免耕播种和少耕播种方式实施保护性耕作技术,在玉米生长中后期动土率低于50%的实施保护性耕作技术地块占总调研地块的75%,秸秆覆盖率大于30%的实施保护性耕作地块比例占60%;实施免耕或少耕等保护性耕作技术地块的玉米株高、杂草及病虫发生机率与相邻非保护性耕作地块差异不大,整体效果较好,尤其在遭受大风和强降雨灾害地区,实施保护性耕作技术种植的玉米抗倒伏优势明显;实施保护性耕作技术可以减少机械生产作业环节,降低农业生产成本,有效保护黑土资源,在黑龙江省具有较好的推广前景。

基于内容分析法的城镇雨水系统碳排放核算研究进展

采用内容分析法,从核算对象、核算范围、核算方法及排放因子等方面,对现有城镇雨水系统碳排放核算研究情况进行了系统回顾。结果表明:现有研究基本明确了雨水系统碳排放核算公式,为开展多尺度雨水系统碳排放核算奠定了方法基础;现有研究核算了部分雨水设施部分阶段的碳排放因子,但存在核算范围不一致、方法不统一、排放因子不透明等问题,不同研究结果之间可比性较差,核算结果具有很大不确定性;雨水设施碳排放因子完整性较差,与形成统一规范的雨水系统碳排放核算体系存在一定的差距。为规范雨水系统碳排放核算体系,未来研究应重点关注截留式排水体制下雨水系统核算边界划分、直接碳排放精准测度和水能利用的碳抵消效应,逐步构建适用于雨水系统碳排放核算的综合因子数据库。

根因分析法3C护理对消毒供应中心护理质控成效的影响

目的探讨消毒供应中心在开展护理管理过程中运用根因分析法3C护理模式对降低护理缺陷事件发生率以及质控成效的影响。方法福建省立医院消毒供应中心2022年6月1日开始运用根因分析法进行3C护理,分析实施前后各1年(2021年6月—2023年6月)消毒供应中心护理管理工作质量。结果评估实施前后各护理管理质量,实施后环境管理(93.01±3.11)分、安全管理(94.15±1.86)分、物品管理(92.11±1.86)分、检查管理(93.46±1.58)分,均明显高于管理前的(82.14±2.34)分、(81.45±1.86)分、(83.45±1.45)分、(80.05±2.34)分(P<0.05)。随机抽选两观察时间段患者500例,实施后护理缺陷事件发生率为0.20%,低于实施前的5.00%(P<0.05)。实施后院内感染率为1.00%,低于实施前的9.40%(P<0.05)。实施后对消毒供应中心护理工作满意度为98.00%,高于实施前的92.00%(P<0.05)。结论消毒供应中心在开展日常护理管理过程中将根因分析法3C护理进行运用,可以降低护理缺陷事件发生率,提升质量控制效果,对于提升消毒供应中心护理工作质量有重要作用。

降雨作用下考虑结构面劣化的边坡块体稳定性评价

降雨是诱发边坡失稳,发生崩塌、落石、滑坡的一个主要诱因,降雨作用下结构面强度会发生劣化,导致边坡块体失稳塌落,引起地质灾害,对人民生命财产构成严重威胁。基于离散元数值分析方法,考虑降雨作用对结构面抗剪强度的影响,分析结构面强度参数劣化及孔隙水压力变化规律,建立抗剪强度劣化模型;结合坐标投影原理提出考虑降雨作用下结构面强度劣化效应的块体稳定性系数计算方法;基于有限元分析方法研究降雨强度与降雨历时对岩质边坡块体稳定性的影响,并进一步分析稳定性系数与降雨强度及降雨历时的关系,提出降雨作用下考虑结构面劣化的边坡块体稳定性评价方法。研究表明,不同含水率作用下结构面的抗剪强度劣化不仅受黏聚力和内摩擦角影响,还与孔隙水压力有关,针对单滑面和双滑面型块体构建了考虑结构面降雨劣化的稳定性分析数学模型,提出的以降雨时长、降雨强度和块体稳定性关系曲线的共同评价体系可为边坡块体稳定性评价提供科学依据,并推动边坡地质灾害防治和工程建设发展。

中国降碳-减污-扩绿-增长协同发展空间关联网络特征及影响因素研究

协同推进降碳-减污-扩绿-增长已成为我国经济社会发展全面绿色转型的必然选择。基于我国30个省份面板数据(不包含港澳台地区以及西藏自治区数据),运用熵值法、耦合协调度模型和社会网络分析方法,分析各省份间降碳-减污-扩绿-增长协同演变趋势及空间关联网络特征。结果表明:①各省份降碳-减污-扩绿-增长协同效应的变化趋势基本一致,但在空间上呈现东部>东北>西部>中部的区域不均衡特征。②降碳-减污-扩绿-增长协同效应呈现以东部地区为核心的复杂空间网络结构,省际间空间关联性呈上升态势,但网络结构稳定性还有待提高。③北京市、天津市和上海市等地区凭借优越区位,在关联网络中处于主导地位,而宁夏回族自治区、黑龙江省和新疆维吾尔自治区等地区对其他地区的影响较小。④北京市、天津市和上海市等地区属于“主受益”板块,浙江省、广东省等地区属于“经纪人板块”,安徽省、江西省和湖北省等地区属于“净溢出”板块。⑤降碳-减污-扩绿-增长协同效应的空间关联网络受多种因素共同影响,人力资本水平、科技投入、市场化水平和数字经济发展均有利于空间关联关系的建立。研究显示,中国降碳-减污-扩绿-增长协同效应存在空间关联性,需进一步加强省份间的绿色合作与交流,共同推动降碳-减污-扩绿-增长协同发展。

城市轨道交通浮置板轨道纵向联板的动力效应分析

城市轨道交通浮置板轨道纵向联结处存在薄弱环节,轨道设计时对板与板纵向联结的动态效应考虑不足。通过引入等效密度及等效地基系数的方法对钢弹簧浮置板轨道系统板下基础进行合理的模型简化,建立了预制式和现浇式浮置板系统振动特性三维有限元分析模型,充分考虑了钢轨、剪力铰和板下基础对浮置板结构振动特性的影响,研究了浮置板轨道系统模态与谐响应特性,分析了浮置板纵向联结处的动力效应特性。结果表明:浮置板轨道在1~200 Hz低频段的模态振型变化主要表现为四种运动方式:刚体运动、弯曲、弯扭组合和扭转;对于预制板轨道系统,浮置板主导整个系统的振动特性表现的频段在系统模态分析和谐响应分析中表现出一致的规律;对于现浇板轨道系统,当频率为32.6~57.8 Hz时,浮置板对系统振动特性的主导作用弱化,表现为过渡频段;浮置板联板动力效应产生的低阶弯曲模态在预制板系统中表现为刚体运动模态;对于由Ns块板组成的浮置板系统,联板效应引起的单块板每阶弯曲模态频率附近的附加模态数为N_(s)/2-1。

基于FAST和Sobol指数法的雷达系统效能敏感性分析

为了以较小的代价快速提升对空探测雷达系统的综合效能,首先搭建了对空探测雷达系统综合效能的评估指标体系,在此基础上完成了综合效能评估模型的建立。选择两种基于方差原理的全局敏感性分析方法,即傅里叶幅度敏感性测试(Fourier amplitudes sensitivity test,FAST)和Sobol指数法,分别从频域和时域对建立的评估模型进行敏感性分析。在基于FAST进行敏感性分析时,提出了21维输入指标所对应的特征频率集的选取方法;在基于Sobol指数法进行敏感性分析时,考虑了二阶及高阶敏感性指数的影响。对比FAST和Sobol指数法的分析结果,两种方法获得的敏感性分析结果具有较好的一致性。其中,功率和频率为对空探测雷达系统的主要影响指标,为雷达系统的研发和升级提供了可靠性依据。

科研成果转化为教学资源对提升教学效果的作用:以药物分析学课程中色谱方法的教学为例

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