Network analysis of the relationships between depressive symptoms and social participation activities among Chinese older adults and its implications for nursing

Objective:Network analysis was used to explore the complex inter-relationships between social participation activities and depressive symptoms among the Chinese older population,and the differences in network structures among different genders,age groups,and urban-rural residency would be compared.Methods:Based on the 2018 wave of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS),12,043 people aged 65 to 105 were included.The 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression(CESD)Scale was used to assess depressive symptoms and 10 types of social participation activities were collected,including housework,tai-chi,square dancing,visiting and interacting with friends,garden work,reading newspapers or books,raising domestic animals,playing cards or mahjong,watching TV or listening to radio,and organized social activities.R 4.2.1 software was used to estimate the network model and calculate strength and bridge strength.Results:21.60%(2,601/12,043)of the participants had depressive symptoms.The total social participation score was negatively associated with depressive symptoms after adjusting for sociodemographic factors.The network of social participation and depressive symptoms showed that“D9(Inability to get going)”and“S9(Watching TV and/or listening to the radio)”had the highest strength within depressive symptoms and social participation communities,respectively,and“S1(Housework)”,“S9(Watching TV and/or listening to the radio)”,and“D5(Hopelessness)”were the most prominent bridging nodes between the two communities.Most edges linking the two communities were negative.“S5(Graden work)-D5(Hopelessness)”and“S6(Reading newspapers/books)-D4(Everything was an effort)”were the top 2 strongest negative edges.Older females had significantly denser network structures than older males.Compared to older people aged 65e80,the age group 81e105 showed higher network global strength.Conclusions:This study provides novel insights into the complex relationships between social participation and depressive symptoms.Except for doing housework,other social participation activities were found to be protective for depression levels.Different nursing strategies should be taken to prevent and alleviate depressive symptoms for different genders and older people of different ages.

Experiencing Participation in Health Care: “Through the Eyes of Older Adults”

Background: Patient participation is well understood by health care professionals but not many studies have focused on the older adults and their perceptions of patient participation. Aim and Objectives: To report an analysis of the concept of participation from the perspective of the older adult. Design: Concept analysis. Methods: An integrative review approach was undertaken and the searches were limited from January 2003 to December 2014, guiding question was;“what constitutes patient participation according to the older adult?” Results: Through the eyes of the older adults, a two-way communication should be initiated by the staff. Equality and sharing power between older adults and staffs was perceived as a precondition. Been given time was an essential issue, implying that older adults wished to have enough time from staffs and be in the right context surrounded by the appropriate environment in order to experience participation. Conclusion: In order to experience participation for older adults, it is important that the health care professionals are aware of how and in what ways they can contribute to participation among older adults. The need or wish to create participation is not enough;the health care professional needs to see and understand participation through the older adult’s eyes. Thus, a person-centered nursing approach is relevant for the health care professional in order to both give and maintain the experience of participation to the older adult.

Recruitment of older adults into randomized controlled trials:Issues and lessons learned from two community-based exercise interventions in Shanghai

Background: With the increasing need for high-quality exercise interventions in China, relatively little is known about issues and challenges related to recruitment of older Chinese adults into exercise-based disease prevention interventions. This study aims to describe the recruitment process and outcomes of 2 exercise interventions conducted in Shanghai, China.Methods: Recruitment information was ascertained from 2 community-based randomized controlled trials for 2 exercise interventions, the first designed to improve health outcomes for older women with knee osteoarthritis and the second to study changes in cognitive function in adults with mild cognitive impairment. Results were summarized in terms of recruitment sources, number screened, screening-to-enrollment ratios, and costs.Results: Recruitment was primarily achieved through working with local residential divisions(i.e., neighborhood associations and residential committees). Both studies achieved their planned target number of older adults(45 and 46, respectively) within a 1-year time frame, with a screening-to-randomized ratio of 5:1 and demonstrated excellent retention rates(range 87%–93%) at 6 months. The recruitment cost for the 2studies averaged RMB 189(about USD 30) per initial recruit and RMB 738(about USD 119) per participant randomized. Some major issues encountered during the recruitment process included(1) the use of community neighborhoods to support the conduct of the projects,(2) access to participants, and(3) feasibility.Conclusion: Analysis of the 2 randomized controlled trials has provided valuable insights into the recruitment process and identified resources that can help better planning and recruitment for future interventions. Recommendations aimed at increasing the success of future recruitment efforts are provided.

The longitudinal effect of parental support during adolescence on the trajectory of sport participation from adolescence through young adulthood

Background: One efficient way to increase physical activity is through sport participation because participation in sport activities inherently includes many enjoyable aspects, such as social interaction, competition, personal challenge, and goal achievement. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the longitudinal effect of parental support during adolescence on the trajectory of sport participation from adolescence through young adulthood.Methods: The data used in this study came from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health(Add Health). It is a 4-wave longitudinal study that followed up a nationally representative sample of middle and high school students in the US. A series of multilevel logistic regression models were used to examine the effect of parental support at Wave 1 on the trajectory of sport participation from Wave 1 to Wave 4.Results: The effect of parental support during adolescence on participants' sport participation lasted until they become young adults(Wave 3)(p < 0.001). Among the male participants, parental support at Wave 1 was a significant predictor for sport participation at Waves 1, 2, and 3(p < 0.001). However, a significant effect of parental support at Wave 1 on sport participation in early young adulthood(Wave 3) becomes insignificant when adjusting for self-esteem and depression. Among the female participants, parental support at Wave 1 was a significant predictor for sport participation at Waves 1, 2, and 3(p < 0.01) even after depression and self-esteem were introduced into the model. That is to say, unlike male participants, parental support during adolescence has an independent effect on sport participation from adolescence(Wave 1) through early young adulthood(Wave 3) over and above the effects of depression and self-esteem in female participants.Conclusion: The results of this study contributed to the literature by providing important information on the longitudinal effect of parental support during adolescence on the trajectory of sport participation from adolescence through young adulthood using a nationally representative sample of participants transitioning from adolescence to young adulthood.

Research of Urban Park Evaluation

A review of the history of Chinese gardens beginning in the Shang Dynasty reveals that parks have become increasingly important to urban residents' lives; and hence, this paper proposes a methodology to evaluate the suitability of parks. The analysis shows that suitability evaluations of urban parks should not be restricted to a park's basic functions, but should include a comprehensive evaluation of ecological value, cultural inheritance and feature construction. After describing the current literature of research on indices, categories, use conditions and landscape accessibility of domestic and foreign urban parks, the paper concludes with a framework for evaluating a park's suitability, i.e. the establishment of an integrated evaluation system, the selection of reasonable evaluation methods, and public participation as an indicator in the evaluation system, so as to ensure the validity of research results.

Lifestyles of Older Adults in Castilla-La Mancha(Spain):Influence of Sex,Age,and Habitat

This paper presents the quantitative research results of a comprehensive study titled“Current Profle of Older Adults in Castilla-La Mancha(Spain).”The study aims to understand and describe the characteristics of individuals aged 65 and above within this autonomous region,with a focus on the variables of sex,age,and habitat.A cross-sectional approach was employed,utilizing quantitative methods to collect data.To gather information,a customized questionnaire was developed to address the study objectives,covering various aspects such as sociodemographic factors,living conditions,leisure activities,social participation,and cultural interests.The survey was conducted via telephone,ensuring representation by employing gender quotas,age-group stratifcation,and considerations for habitat size.A representative sample of 1,065 participants was included in the study.The fndings reveal a degree of homogeneity in the lifestyles of older adults,with discernible variations infuenced by factors such as sex,habitat,and age.These results shed light on the diverse habits and experiences of older adults,emphasizing the signifcance of habitat conditions,social participation,and the aging process.

老年数字健康服务的发展、应用与挑战

数字技术在老年健康服务中的应用日益成为焦点。针对中国人口老龄化背景,探讨数字技术在老年健康服务中的应用、挑战及创新方向。通过回顾自21世纪初以来老年人在数字化健康服务中的角色演变,指出老年人群在数字社会中的边缘化问题。进而聚焦现有研究中关于老年人使用数字技术时面临的主要挑战,包括技术可及性、用户适应性、伦理与安全、人性化服务等问题,提出提高老年人的数字素养和社会参与度的解决策略和研究焦点,从理论和实践层面为老年健康服务的数字化转型提供全面见解。

数智化时代老年人社会参与的挑战与应对策略——基于MOA理论的实证研究

随着积极应对人口老龄化国家战略的实施,养老观念正发生转变,从传统单纯地为老年人生活提供支持,逐步转向鼓励老年人继续参与社会活动,即进行积极的社会参与。数智化技术既给老年人积极社会参与带来更多的机遇,也是未来老年人社会参与的必由之路。基于MOA理论对20位老年人开展为期14天的日记研究,结果表明,数智化技术确实为老年人带来了更多社会参与的机会,但也造成老年人在社会参与时面临“想参与但无从参与”“有机会但参与困难”与“参与但获得感不强”三大挑战。要改善这一现状,首先,要完善制度设计,通过出台老年人社会参与统一平台建设、技术赋能老年社会参与的相关政策,保障参与环境;其次,要建设统一平台,构建包含老年人、养老服务机构(企业)和医疗(健康)服务机构等不同主体共同聚合的生态系统,保障老年人的社会参与机会;再次,推动技术赋能,在做好高频应用适老化改造的基础上,加强对智能化功能的建设,对技术使用的门槛做减法,为技术应用形式做加法;最后,要积极鼓励和推广以志愿服务、银发网红、再就业等为代表形式的“老有所为”活动,支持老年人继续发挥余热,使晚年生活更充实、更有意义。

社区老年人社会隔离的潜在剖面分析及影响因素研究

目的分析社区老年人社会隔离特征及影响因素,为制定干预措施以促进积极老龄化提供参考。方法采取便利抽样法,随机选取渭南市3所社区卫生服务中心接受健康体检的老年人308人为调查对象。采用一般资料调查表、Lubben社交网络量表-6、老年人社会参与能力评估标准、日常生活活动能力量表进行调查。结果社区老年人社会隔离得分为(11.26±4.74)分,老年人中51.62%存在社会隔离。社区老年人社会隔离可划分为高朋友隔离组(52.92%)和低朋友隔离组(47.08%)2个潜在剖面。logistic回归分析显示,日常生活自理能力、社会参与能力、退休前职业、患病年限、年均住院次数是老年人社会隔离潜在剖面类别的影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论社区老年人社会隔离现象严重,且存在明显的分类特征,可针对不同类型特征老年人实施个体化干预,改善老年人社会隔离情况。

我国老年人社会参与政策文本量化研究

目的:分析我国老年人社会参与政策分布特点,探究可优化之处,为我国老年人社会参与政策的制定提供科学参考。方法:采用内容分析法,对我国国家层面老年人社会参与政策开展文本量化研究,构建政策工具和增能理论二维分析框架以探索政策分布特点并提出对策建议。结果:政策工具维度中,需求型、供给型和环境型工具占比分别为8.93%、47.02%、44.05%;增能维度中,主体、环境和服务增能占比分别为14.29%、48.81%、36.90%。结论:我国老年人社会参与政策已成体系,但存在统筹性、协调性和持续性不够、对老年人主体增能回应不足等问题。从“健全体制机制”“以赋能赋权为核心多样化社会参与”等方面提出完善老年人社会参与政策体系的对策建议,以期助推政策的有效执行。

数字鸿沟对农村老年人社会参与的影响

在数字时代与老龄化社会的双重背景下,数字鸿沟对农村老年人社会参与造成的影响亟待关注。基于2020年中国家庭追踪调查数据,运用层次回归和中介效应检验法实证研究数字鸿沟对农村老年人社会参与的影响及作用机制。研究发现:数字鸿沟对农村老年人社会参与有显著负向影响,其中使用沟与知识沟负向作用于农村老年人社会参与,接入沟则正向作用于农村老年人社会参与。数字鸿沟主要通过健康状况、文化资本和社会信任3个渠道影响农村老年人社会参与,且健康状况、文化资本和社会信任均正向作用于农村老年人社会参与。异质性分析发现,相较于女性,数字鸿沟对农村男性老年人社会参与的负向影响效果更大,但在政治参与方面则相反。研究结论可为提升农村老年人社会参与水平、积极应对人口老龄化危机提供参考意见。

全球成人学习和教育参与的议题、境况与行动——基于GRALE的分析

2022年6月,联合国教科文组织发布《贝伦行动框架》的最终监测报告——第五份《成人学习和教育全球报告》,描述了全球成人学习和教育参与的最新情况。依托成人学习和教育全球系列报告和国际相关文件可以发现,全球成人学习和教育参与议题包括以终身学习理念为引领,以促进可持续发展为目的,以改进成人学习和教育的行动领域为手段。聚焦五份《成人学习和教育全球报告》可知,全球成人学习和教育参与境况呈现出总体参与水平进一步提升、女性参与取得显著进展及公民教育参与逐步改善等最新进展,但也存在总体参与水平提升仍面临挑战、弱势群体参与仍遭受排斥、公民教育领域仍是参与短板的现实瓶颈。因此,未来全球成人学习和教育参与应采取重塑终身学习生态体系,全面提升参与水平;建立新的教育社会契约,着力促进包容公平;拓展传统学习领域参与,重点聚焦公民教育等行动方案。

我国老年人社会参与对虚弱轨迹变化的影响研究

目的:探究我国老年人社会参与对虚弱轨迹的影响,为促进老年人社会参与和健康福祉提供参考。方法 基于2002-2018年中国老年健康调查数据,选取7488名老年人(65+),应用组基轨迹模型构建虚弱轨迹,采用多分类Logistic回归模型分析社会参与与虚弱轨迹的关系。结果:本研究识别出3组虚弱轨迹:“持续健康组(62.22%)”“虚弱发生组(25.55%)”和“持续虚弱组(12.20%)”。在控制社会人口学特征和健康相关行为后,发现老年人社会参与得分越高,其轨迹归属越倾向于“持续健康组”,说明社会参与对老年人虚弱具有保护作用。通过年龄和居住地的分层分析发现,相较于低龄老人和城镇老人,高龄老人和农村老人进行社会参与更有利于延缓虚弱状况恶化。结论:老年人虚弱轨迹存在异质性,制定干预措施时应针对不同轨迹及各亚组特点。社会参与影响虚弱轨迹归属,提升社会参与是老年人虚弱行之有效的干预手段,且应重点关注高龄老人和农村老人的社会参与情况。

Calcium requirements for Chinese adults by cross-sectional statistical analyses of calcium balance studies： an individual participant data and aggregate data meta-regression

Background Chinese dietary reference intakes for calcium are largely based on foreign studies. We undertook meta- regression to estimate calcium requirements for Chinese adults derived from calcium balance data in Chinese adults. Methods We searched PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, and SinoMed from inception to March 5, 2014, by using a structured search strategy. The bibliographies of any relevant papers and journals were also screened for potentially eligible studies. We extracted a standardized data set from studies in Chinese adults that reported calcium balance data. The relationship between calcium intake and output was examined by an individual participant data （IPD） and aggregate data （AD） meta-regression. Results We identified 11 metabolic studies in Chinese adults within 18-60 years of age. One hundred and forty-one IPD （n=35） expressed as mg/d, 127 IPD （n=32） expressed as mg.kg body wt-l-d-1, and 44 AD （n=132） expressed as mg/d were collected. The models predicted a neutral calcium balance （defined as calcium output （Y） equal to calcium intake （C）） at intakes of 460 mg/d （Y=0.60C＋183.98） and 8.27 mg.kg body wt-l.d-1 （Y=0.60C＋3.33） for IPD, or 409 mg/d （Y=0.66C＋139.00） for AD. Calcium requirements at upper intakes were higher than that at lower intakes in all these models. Conclusion Calcium requirement for Chinese adults 18-60 years of age approximately ranges between 400 mg/d and 500 mg/d when consuming traditional plant-based Chinese diets.

The impact of social participation on older people’s death risk:an analysis from CLHLS

This study uses nested Cox proportional hazard models to analyze data from five waves(2002,2005,2008,2011,2014)of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey.We found that secular social participation and religious participation both contributed to statistically lower death risk among older respondents.These associations still held after controlling for a wide range of covariates.In particular,secular social participation predicted a greater decrease in death risk and had interactive effects with gender and age-group.Female and young-old adults enjoyed more health benefits from participating in secular social activities than their male or old-old counterparts,respectively.This interactive effect was not observed regarding the impact of religious participation on death hazard.

八段锦对失地老年人城市适应性的影响

随着我国城镇化进程的不断加快,失地农民中的特殊群体——失地老年人的城市适应性问题亟需研究。为探讨八段锦对失地老年人城市适应的干预效果,在泰安市迎宾社区招募30名失地老年人为调研对象,将其随机分为实验组(15名)与对照组(15名)。实验组给予八段锦干预,每周3次,共12周,对照组保持原有的生活方式,比较两组的城市适应量表评分。研究发现,八段锦能够提升失地老年人的城市适应水平,特别是社会交往与城市适应总分。八段锦能够提升失地老年人的经济适应水平,但差异不具有统计学意义。八段锦体育参与能够帮助失地老年人建立新的的社会网络,客观上有利于其自身社会资本的累积,提高城市适应性。

自我效能在低龄老年人社会支持与养老服务互助时间平台参与意愿中的中介作用

目的 了解南京市低龄老年人社会支持、自我效能与养老服务互助时间平台参与意愿的现状,探讨自我效能在社会支持与养老服务互助时间平台参与意愿中的中介作用。方法 采用一般资料调查表、社会支持评定量表、一般自我效能量表、低龄老年人养老服务互助时间平台参与意愿量表对南京市365名低龄老年人进行问卷调查。采用Pearson相关分析各变量之间的相关性,并使用分层回归法和Bootstrap方法分析检验自我效能在低龄老年人社会支持与养老服务互助时间平台参与意愿间的中介效应。结果 南京市低龄老年人社会支持总得分(35.40±7.70)分,主观支持(20.58±4.61)分,客观支持(7.61±3.22)分,支持利用度(7.14±1.75)分;自我效能总分为(27.15±7.24)分,总均分为(2.72±0.72)分;养老服务互助时间平台参与意愿总得分为(14.01±2.82)分,各条目均分为(4.67±0.94)分。低龄老年人社会支持与自我效能呈正相关(r=0.246,P<0.01),与养老服务互助时间平台参与意愿呈正相关(r=0.293,P<0.01);自我效能与养老服务互助时间平台参与意愿呈正相关(r=0.240,P<0.01)。社会支持、自我效能正向预测参与意愿(P均<0.001)。社会支持对养老服务互助时间平台参与意愿的直接效应值为0.030(95%C1:0.019~0.043),直接效应占总效应的83.3%,自我效能在社会支持和养老服务互助时间平台参与意愿之间的部分中介效应为0.006(95%C1:0.002~0.009),中介效应占总效应的16.7%。结论 自我效能在社会支持和养老服务互助时间平台参与意愿之间起部分中介作用,提高低龄老年人自我效能感,有利于提高其互助养老参与意愿。

GIS在土地适宜性评价中的应用与展望

该文阐述了土地适宜性评价的概念和内涵 ,综述了GIS支持下的各种土地适宜性评价方法及其优缺点。如叠加分析方法、多指标决策模型以及人工智能方法 ,以研究实例说明如何通过GIS系统引导用户参与分析评价的过程 。

会计参与和价值创造——基于企业非财务人员视角的调查与分析

国外越来越多的文献及企业报告强调会计人员可以并应该广泛参与企业的各项经营活动,为企业价值创造做贡献。通过对企业经理人的调查,我们初步了解了中国会计人员在企业各项价值创造活动中的参与程度及其适合程度。调查发现,我国会计人员在继续做好传统财务工作的同时,业务范围已有很大突破,从传统财务领域扩展到了众多非财务领域。统计分析还发现,会计参与程度、适合程度与企业规模显著正相关,与国有股所占比例显著负相关,而与企业所在地区、所属行业、上市与否、受访者个人的职位高低及其工龄长短等没有明显关系。

社会参与对老年人认知功能的影响

目的考察社会参与程度对老年人认知功能的影响,为轻度认知功能障碍的预防提供理论依据。方法采用自编社会参与程度问卷评估老年人的社会参与情况,采用简易精神状态评价量表(MMSE)评估老年人的认知能力。对234例60岁以上老年人的社会参与程度及认知能力进行调查,分析老年人社会参与对其认知功能的影响。结果年龄、受教育水平、婚姻状况、居住情况不同的老年人的认知功能比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。拥有良好人际网络(夫妻关系、子女/孙关系、亲朋关系较好,亲朋来往频繁)、积极参与闲暇活动的老年人认知功能较好(P<0.05)。在控制年龄、受教育水平后,社会参与程度对MMSE总分、定向力、注意力和计算力、回忆能力和语言能力有正向预测作用(△R^2=0.02~0.11,P<0.05)。结论积极的社会参与是认知老化的保护因素。