An Empirical Study on Classroom Learning Anxiety of Secondary Vocational English Learners in Content-based Instruction

This research aims to study the relationship between content-based instruction and secondary vocational English learners.Two classes in one secondary vocational school were chosen as participants.The result shows that CBI teaching has a negative correlation with English learning anxiety and has an impact on alleviating students' anxiety.

Functions of Chinese in Secondary EFL Classroom in China

The use of native language in EFL teaching is very common. Although teachers avoid using it, the native language, however, is sometimes quite necessary in practical language teaching. In this paper, the authors investigate the use of native language （Chinese） by two teachers in English classroom, analyze and interpret the functions of Chinese in detail. We argue that far from being viewed as a random activity, use of native language can be seen as a purposeful activity.

The Inspirations of LIFT on Marking of EFL Writing in Chinese Secondary Classrooms

What constitutes the most effective marking of EFL learners' writing in secondary schools is still the focus of EFL teachers. Traditional feedback is not as successful as it is expected to be because students haven't concerned themselves with the teacher's comments too much.LIFT(Learner Initiated Feedback Technique), as a creative means of enhancing marking, has been tested and adopted in foreign language teaching. Through the introduction of current conditions of marking of EFL writing, selfcorrection, peer-marking and feedback workshop in EFL secondary classrooms are proposed in light of the theory of LIFT.

Tandem Mass Tag-based proteomics analysis reveals the vital role of inflammation in traumatic brain injury in a mouse model

Proteomics is a powerful tool that can be used to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of diseases and identify new biomarkers.Therefore,it may also be helpful for understanding the detailed pathological mechanism of traumatic brain injury(TBI).In this study,we performed Tandem Mass Tag-based quantitative analysis of cortical proteome profiles in a mouse model of TBI.Our results showed that there were 302 differentially expressed proteins in TBI mice compared with normal mice 7 days after injury.Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses showed that these differentially expressed proteins were predominantly involved in inflammatory responses,including complement and coagulation cascades,as well as chemokine signaling pathways.Subsequent transcription factor analysis revealed that the inflammation-related transcription factors NF-κB1,RelA,IRF1,STAT1,and Spi1 play pivotal roles in the secondary injury that occurs after TBI,which further corroborates the functional enrichment for inflammatory factors.Our results suggest that inflammation-related proteins and inflammatory responses are promising targets for the treatment of TBI.

The LysR Transcription Factor, HexS, Is Required for Glucose Inhibition of Prodigiosin Production by <i>Serratia marcescens</i>

Generation of many useful microbe-derived secondary metabolites, including the red pigment prodigiosin of the bacterium Serratia marcescens, is inhibited by glucose. In a previous report, a genetic approach was used to determine that glucose dehydrogenase activity (GDH) is required for inhibiting prodigiosin production and transcription of the prodigiosin biosynthetic operon (pigA-N). However, the transcription factor(s) that regulate this process were not characterized. Here we tested the hypothesis that HexS, a LysR-family transcription factor similar to LrhA of Escherichia coli, is required for inhibition of prodigiosin by growth in glucose. We observed that mutation of the hexS gene in S. marcescens allowed the precocious production of prodigiosin in glucose-rich medium conditions that completely inhibited prodigiosin production by the wild type. Unlike previously described mutants able to generate prodigiosin in glucoserich medium, hexS mutants exhibited GDH activity and medium acidification similar to the wild type. Glucose inhibittion of pigA expression was shown to be dependent upon HexS, suggesting that HexS is a key transcription factor in secondary metabolite regulation in response to medium pH. These data give insight into the prodigiosin regulatory pathway and could be used to enhance the production of secondary metabolites.

Comparative transcriptomic analysis of rat versus mouse cerebral cortex after traumatic brain injury

The heterogeneity of traumatic brain injury(TBI)-induced secondary injury has greatly hampered the development of effective treatments for TBI patients.Targeting common processes across species may be an innovative strategy to combat debilitating TBI.In the present study, a cross-species transcriptome comparison was performed for the first time to determine the fundamental processes of secondary brain injury in Sprague-Dawley rat and C57/BL6 mouse models of TBI, caused by acute controlled cortical impact.The RNA sequencing data from the mouse model of TBI were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus(ID: GSE79441) at the National Center for Biotechnology Information.For the rat data, peri-injury cerebral cortex samples were collected for transcriptomic analysis 24 hours after TBI.Differentially expressed gene-based functional analysis revealed that common features between the two species were mainly involved in the regulation and activation of the innate immune response, including complement cascades as well as Toll-like and nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptor pathways.These findings were further corroborated by gene set enrichment analysis.Moreover, transcription factor analysis revealed that the families of signal transducers and activators of transcription(STAT), basic leucine zipper(BZIP), Rel homology domain(RHD), and interferon regulatory factor(IRF) transcription factors play vital regulatory roles in the pathophysiological processes of TBI, and are also largely associated with inflammation.These findings suggest that targeting the common innate immune response might be a promising therapeutic approach for TBI.The animal experimental procedures were approved by the Beijing Neurosurgical Institute Animal Care and Use Committee(approval No.201802001) on June 6, 2018.

Isolation and characterization of the secondary wall-related SND1 gene in hawthorn

Secondary wall-associated NAC domain protein1 （SND1） is a key regulator directly regulating the expression levels of MYB46 and MYB83 in the regulation network for secondary wall synthesis, especially in plant fibres. In this study, a SND1 gene was isolated from hawthorn （Crataegus pinnatifida） and named as CpSND 1 because it has a conservative N-terminal DNA- binding domain with AtSNDI. Arabidopsis plants overexpressing CpSND1 had similar phenotypes as plants overexpressing AtSND1, including inhibited growth, upward-curling leaves, sepal dysplasia and sterility. In addition, overexpressing CpSNDI in Arabidopsis also induced the expression of downstream genes, including lignin, cellulose and xylan biosynthesis genes as well as MYB genes. Our results provided functional information of CpSND1 for future genetic engineering in hawthorn.

Should and Can Flipped Classroom Be Introduced to Secondary Vocational Schools in China?

The flipped learning model, which “flips” traditional in-class lectures with cooperative activities, has obtained lots of followers and backers in education. Usually teachers have a negative attitude toward flipped model. Teachers have their stance, and flipped model is still in the exploration stage in vocational education context at present. Studies and design models for flipped learning in secondary vocational education are insufficient. However, flipped classroom is an educational tool which may benefit students. This paper attempts to provide a foundation for further research and implementation for flipped learning in secondary vocational education. It was found that there is no quick answer to the question whether the flipped classroom should and can be introduced to secondary vocational schools or not, but teachers should implement flipped classroom positively.

我国高校“第二课堂成绩单”的研究发展与启示——基于CiteSpace的可视化分析

第二课堂是高等院校实施素质教育的关键载体和有效途径,对提高大学生综合素质具有重要意义。基于中国知网(CNKI)学术期刊数据库,搜索了2015年1月到2022年4月的第二课堂相关研究文献,运用了CiteSpace可视化分析技术解析“第二课堂成绩单”研究的集中领域、热点话题和未来发展趋势。研究认为“第二课堂成绩单”关注度和研究深度在不断增加,该领域的学术价值也逐步提升,当前研究内容主要围绕“第二课堂成绩单”的实施现状、功能价值、技术平台融合应用等方面展开。同时,“三全育人”成为“第二课堂成绩单”的核心议题与热点。未来可从“第二课堂成绩单”的标准化与科学化、数字化管理与应用、与学生发展路径的关联、与就业市场的对接等方面深入研究。

2022年版艺术新课标的内涵解读与实践引领

进入21世纪,国家先后颁布了三版义务教育各学科课程标准。目前,新修订的《义务教育艺术课程标准(2022年版)》是指导基础教育领域学校艺术课程教学的权威文件。艺术新课标具有总分、契合、对接、联系、达成、优化等六方面主要亮点,有助于引领学校艺术课程教育理念和音乐教学实践的改进方向。以我国革命音乐家聂耳写于1933年的儿童歌曲《卖报歌》的教学为例,可以帮助我们更好地理解艺术新课标在教学实施层面的具体要求。

中小学高品质课堂的特征、价值与建构

高品质课堂反思了经济学视角下有效教学存在的学生发展片面、浅表和同质等问题,尝试回归课堂教学的育人本质。在教育学视角下,将中小学高品质课堂理解为促进中小学生完整而个性化发展的教学活动,它具有深刻性、愉悦性、和谐性和智能性等特征,在促进学生的完整生成、教师的素养提升和学校的内涵式发展方面具有重要价值。从课堂教学的过程要素来看,可以从树立深度教学理念、制定真实性的教学目标、设计差异化的教学内容、选用支持性的教学方式和发挥增值评价的引领功能等方面构建高品质课堂。

楚怡双高校“第二课堂成绩单”课程项目体系的构建

文章从深刻剖析高职院校“第二课堂成绩单”存在的问题入手,以永州职业技术学院为例,将“楚怡”精神融入“第二课堂成绩单”,创新构建具有湖湘职教特色的课程项目体系,并将楚怡双高校“第二课堂成绩单”课程项目体系应用于人才培养中。该体系有助于实施学生综合素质评价、提升学生综合素养、实现德智体美劳“五育融合”,有助于落实立德树人根本任务和“三全育人”综合改革,推进楚怡双高校建设和学校共青团改革发展,服务“人才强省”“三高四新”“富民兴湘”战略。

中药单体治疗脊髓损伤后神经炎症:核转录因子κB信号通路的作用

背景:基于核转录因子κB通路探究神经炎症的靶向治疗越来越值得探究,中药靶点多、范围广、机制丰富及不良反应少等优点在治疗各类疾病时都具有十分巨大的潜力。目的:基于核转录因子κB信号通路,对近年研究中出现的山奈酚、红花黄、汉黄芩苷及雷公藤甲素等中药单体治疗脊髓损伤后神经炎症的研究进展进行系统的阐述与归纳。方法:以“脊髓损伤,炎症,抗炎,中药单体,单体化合物,NF-κB信号通路,黄酮,糖苷,酚类,酯类,生物碱”为检索词在中国知网数据库中进行检索;以“Spinal cord injury,inflammation,anti-inflammatory,traditional Chinese medicine monomer,monomeric compound,NF-κB signaling pathway,flavonoids,glycosides,phenols,esters,alkaloids”为检索词在PubMed数据库中进行检索,最终共纳入67篇文献进行综述分析。结果与结论:①核转录因子κB信号通路在神经系统中的作用复杂多样,能够调控中性粒细胞、小胶质细胞、星形胶质细胞和巨噬细胞等,介导损伤后炎症的发生与发展;②中药单体如汉黄芩苷对核转录因子κB抑制蛋白的降解、红花黄素对核转录因子κB信号通路磷酸化过程的抑制、山奈酚对核转录因子κB信号通路p65核易位的抑制等作用可以降低炎症反应对机体造成的影响,从而促进神经功能恢复;③核转录因子κB信号通路在损伤早期能够促进炎症反应和免疫细胞迁移活化,在损伤中后期能够促进损伤部位的修复和纤维化的发生等,适当的激活核转录因子κB信号通路具有促进炎症因子的释放、提高细胞的抗氧化能力及促进免疫细胞的活化等能力,但过度激活的核转录因子κB信号通路则容易导致慢性炎症的发生和持续、细胞凋亡受到抑制等;④未来的研究可以进一步探索如何准确调控核转录因子κB信号通路的活化水平、如何实现对神经系统炎症和损伤的精准干预展开,也可围绕中药单体的制备及中药单体对信号通路的作用机制展开,以期为神经系统疾病的康复和功能恢复提供更有效的治疗策略。

基于转录组信息的辣椒MADS-box转录因子家族分析

MADS-box转录因子广泛存在于植物中,在生长发育和次生代谢过程中发挥重要作用。为探究MADS-box转录因子家族在辣椒素不同积累时期的表达情况。利用辣椒素不同积累时期转录组数据,鉴定辣椒MADS-box转录因子家族成员,并进行亚细胞定位、保守基序、系统进化树和染色体定位分析,对其功能进行初步分析。结果表明,在辣椒转录组数据中共鉴定出95个MADS-box转录因子;含有105~395个氨基酸;分子质量为11.55~44.46 ku;理论等电点为5.16~10.01;主要在细胞核表达,均含有MADS保守结构域,系统发育分析表明,MADS蛋白可分为8个亚家族。有73条CaMADS家族成员定位到12条染色体上。差异表达的MADS-box基因有26个,其中6个基因在C1 vs C2时期上调,在C2 vs C3时期下调。基于KEGG富集和蛋白互作预测到CaMADS13可能参与辣椒中木质素的合成。CaMADS24可能参与辣椒素和木质素合成前体香豆酰辅酶A的合成。利用生物信息学分析,鉴定了辣椒MADS-box家族转录因子,为深入研究辣椒素次生代谢中的分子调控机制提供理论基础。

茶树响应高温胁迫下生理生化和分子机制的研究进展

茶树作为一种重要的经济作物,具有喜温、喜湿、喜阴的生态特性。然而,高温胁迫会影响茶树的生长发育,显著降低茶叶的产量和品质。文章综述了高温胁迫对茶树生理及重要次生代谢产物(儿茶素、茶氨酸、咖啡碱)影响的研究进展,并阐述了茶树响应高温的分子机制,以期为提高茶树栽培措施和选育耐热茶树品种提供理论依据。

转录因子p53与脑出血铁死亡的研究进展

脑出血是死亡率最高的脑卒中亚型,占脑血管疾病的35%,具有高致残、致死率。铁死亡是一种铁依赖性非凋亡细胞死亡模式,近年来发现在脑卒中存在铁死亡现象。p53作为一种转录因子,p53表达不足的情况下可以促进铁死亡的发生;此外,通过各种代谢途径p53能够在存在铁死亡诱导剂(如谷胱甘肽过氧化酶4抑制剂或高水平的活性氧)的情况下抑制铁死亡。p53作为典型和非典型铁死亡途径的关键调节因子参与铁死亡的调节。本文就p53与脑出血后铁死亡脑损伤关系的研究进展进行综述。

基于调研证据的中职班主任对心理健康教育的认知与评价

为全面了解中职学校班主任对心理健康教育的认知与评价,对全国20个省市82所中职学校的1019名班主任进行了网络问卷调查。运用描述统计和χ2分析发现:总体上,中职学校班主任对学校目前心理健康教育工作感到满意,认为中职学校心理健康课程体现了职业教育特点,并且学校的政策有利于职业发展。但具体到个人分析,中职学校班主任在心理健康教育管理、参与度、育人层面,以及个人发展层面的认知与评价均存在显著差别。未来在管理层面应提高站位,进一步落实中职心理健康教育课程设置与教材选用制度,加大专项经费投入与专管专用,推动心理健康教育可持续发展;在育人层面,积极营造富有中职特色的心理健康教育氛围,确保中职班主任积极参与家校共育工作,提高班主任心理健康教育的参与度,发挥好“守门护生”作用;个人发展层面,进一步加强班主任针对心理健康教育的专业培训,提升处理心理健康问题的能力与魄力,进一步完善班主任工作的激励机制,促进对心理健康教育工作的自我接纳与认同。

Molecular regulation of the key specialized metabolism pathways in medicinal plants

The basis of modern pharmacology is the human ability to exploit the production of specialized metabolites from medical plants,for example,terpenoids,alkaloids,and phenolic acids.However,in most cases,the availability of these valuable compounds is limited by cellular or organelle barriers or spatio-temporal accumulation patterns within different plant tissues.Transcription factors(TFs)regulate biosynthesis of these specialized metabolites by tightly controlling the expression of biosynthetic genes.Cutting-edge technologies and/or combining multiple strategies and approaches have been applied to elucidate the role of TFs.In this review,we focus on recent progress in the transcription regulation mechanism of representative high-value products and describe the transcriptional regulatory network,and future perspectives are discussed,which will help develop high-yield plant resources.

OpNAC1 transcription factor regulates the biosynthesis of the anticancer drug camptothecin by targeting loganic acid O-methyltransferase in Ophiorrhiza pumila

Camptothecin(CPT) is an anticancer pentacyclic quinoline alkaloid widely used to treat cancer patients worldwide. However, the biosynthetic pathway and transcriptional regulation of camptothecin are largely unknown. Ophiorrhiza pumila, the herbaceous plant from the Rubiaceae family, has emerged as a model plant for studying camptothecin biosynthesis and regulation. In this study, a high-quality reference genome of O. pumila with estimated size of ~456.90Mb was reported, and the accumulation level of camptothecin in roots was higher than that in stems and leaves. Based on its spatial distribution in the plant, we examined gene functions and expression by combining genomics with transcriptomic analysis.Two loganic acid O-methyltransferase(OpLAMTs)were identified in strictosidine-producing plant O.pumila, and enzyme catalysis assays showed that OpLAMT1 and not OpLAMT2 could convert loganic acid into loganin. Further knock-out of OpL AMT1expression led to the elimination of loganin and camptothecin accumulation in O. pumila hairy roots.Four key residues were identified in OpLAMT1 protein crucial for the catalytic activity of loganic acid to loganin. By co-expression network, we identified a NAC transcription factor, OpNAC1, as a candidate gene for regulating camptothecin biosynthesis.Transgenic hairy roots and biochemical assays demonstrated that OpNAC1 suppressed OpLAMT1 expression. Here, we reported on two camptothecin metabolic engineering strategies paving the road for industrial-scale production of camptothecin in CPT-producing plants.

人工智能赋能中小学课堂教学评价探析

近年来,随着人工智能技术持续发展和教育信息化不断深入,智慧课堂教学逐渐成为了一种新的教育趋势。而课堂教学评价作为教育质量监控的关键环节,在新时代教育评价改革中占据了重要位置,并持续成为教育领域的热点话题。基于此,针对当前中小学课堂教学评价的现实困境,探讨人工智能赋能教学评价的创新思路,并提出相应的思考与建议,旨在为教育工作者提供有价值的参考意见和建议,促进数字教育的深入发展。