The work of software engineers is inherently cognitive. Integral to their duties is understanding and developing several artifacts. Each one is based on a specific model and a given level of abstraction. What distingu...The work of software engineers is inherently cognitive. Integral to their duties is understanding and developing several artifacts. Each one is based on a specific model and a given level of abstraction. What distinguishes Software Engineering is the logical complexity of some artifacts (especially programs), the high dependency among them, and the fact that the success of the software project also depends on the human and social factors, which characterize the engineers as individuals and as a group. The complexity of the daily tasks within a software development team motivates the investigation on the relevance of automating the software professionals’ cognitive processes in order to make their work easier and more efficient. The success of this endeavor is expected to emerge as Cognitive Software Engineering. For this aim, the present article suggests a research framework and roadmap, which build on the current state of the art. Some future directions in the Cognitive Software Engineering are presented.展开更多
The paper presents a cognitive science framework for the analysis of knowledge-based systems,including people, media. simulation and expert systems, resulting in a practical model for the procedures ofknowledge engine...The paper presents a cognitive science framework for the analysis of knowledge-based systems,including people, media. simulation and expert systems, resulting in a practical model for the procedures ofknowledge engineering. Starting with the construct of a social organization model driven by anticipationand thed differentiating this into pesonal scientists with diverse relations to people and their internal andexternal communication, it provides powerful and general model of society. people, and the roles of peoplein society. This model extends naturally ic the role of conventional media in the knowledge processes ofsociety and the new roles of computer-based simulation and expert systems. In particular it provides amodel of knowledge transfer that enables the processes of knowledge engineering to be analyzed andautomated.展开更多
为了研究管制员飞行冲突调配的人因差错问题,进而有效评估管制员解决飞行冲突的可靠性,以保障空中交通的安全运行,提出系统理论过程分析(System Theoretic Process Analysis, STPA)与认知可靠性与失误分析方法(Cognitive Reliability an...为了研究管制员飞行冲突调配的人因差错问题,进而有效评估管制员解决飞行冲突的可靠性,以保障空中交通的安全运行,提出系统理论过程分析(System Theoretic Process Analysis, STPA)与认知可靠性与失误分析方法(Cognitive Reliability and Error Analysis Method, CREAM)相结合的人因可靠性分析方法。首先,通过STPA方法构建系统控制模型,识别不安全控制行为(Unsafe Control Action, UCA)以及致因因素,找到管制员在调配飞行冲突过程中可能存在的差错行为;其次,基于CREAM扩展法对管制员的差错行为进行定量分析,得到管制员调配飞行冲突的人因失误概率。研究显示:使用该方法能够系统、全面地识别出管制员在调配飞行冲突过程中出现的差错行为,进而计算管制员飞行冲突调配的人因失误概率。实例分析表明该方法可以预测管制员在飞行冲突调配过程中的人因失误概率及可靠性,为管制员人因可靠性分析提供了新思路。展开更多
Autonomous systems are an emerging AI technology functioning without human intervention underpinned by the latest advances in intelligence,cognition,computer,and systems sciences.This paper explores the intelligent an...Autonomous systems are an emerging AI technology functioning without human intervention underpinned by the latest advances in intelligence,cognition,computer,and systems sciences.This paper explores the intelligent and mathematical foundations of autonomous systems.It focuses on structural and behavioral properties that constitute the intelligent power of autonomous systems.It explains how system intelligence aggregates from reflexive,imperative,adaptive intelligence to autonomous and cognitive intelligence.A hierarchical intelligence model(HIM)is introduced to elaborate the evolution of human and system intelligence as an inductive process.The properties of system autonomy are formally analyzed towards a wide range of applications in computational intelligence and systems engineering.Emerging paradigms of autonomous systems including brain-inspired systems,cognitive robots,and autonomous knowledge learning systems are described.Advances in autonomous systems will pave a way towards highly intelligent machines for augmenting human capabilities.展开更多
The paper presents the conceptual and operational basis of the creation of IDSS based on our recent research experience. In this paper, an intelligent decision support system, IDSS is defined as: any interactive syste...The paper presents the conceptual and operational basis of the creation of IDSS based on our recent research experience. In this paper, an intelligent decision support system, IDSS is defined as: any interactive system that is specially designed to improve the decision making of its user by extending the user's cognitive decision making abilities. As a result, this view of man-machine joint cognitive system stresses the need to use computational technology to aid the user in the decision making process. And the human's role is to achieve total systems's objectives. The paper outlines the designing procedure in successive steps. First, the decision maker's cognitive needs for decision support are identified. Second, the computationally realizable support functions are defined that could be provided by IDSS. Then, the specific techniques that would best fill the decision needs are discussed. And finally, for system implementation the modern computational technology infrastructure is emphasized.展开更多
文摘The work of software engineers is inherently cognitive. Integral to their duties is understanding and developing several artifacts. Each one is based on a specific model and a given level of abstraction. What distinguishes Software Engineering is the logical complexity of some artifacts (especially programs), the high dependency among them, and the fact that the success of the software project also depends on the human and social factors, which characterize the engineers as individuals and as a group. The complexity of the daily tasks within a software development team motivates the investigation on the relevance of automating the software professionals’ cognitive processes in order to make their work easier and more efficient. The success of this endeavor is expected to emerge as Cognitive Software Engineering. For this aim, the present article suggests a research framework and roadmap, which build on the current state of the art. Some future directions in the Cognitive Software Engineering are presented.
文摘The paper presents a cognitive science framework for the analysis of knowledge-based systems,including people, media. simulation and expert systems, resulting in a practical model for the procedures ofknowledge engineering. Starting with the construct of a social organization model driven by anticipationand thed differentiating this into pesonal scientists with diverse relations to people and their internal andexternal communication, it provides powerful and general model of society. people, and the roles of peoplein society. This model extends naturally ic the role of conventional media in the knowledge processes ofsociety and the new roles of computer-based simulation and expert systems. In particular it provides amodel of knowledge transfer that enables the processes of knowledge engineering to be analyzed andautomated.
文摘为了研究管制员飞行冲突调配的人因差错问题,进而有效评估管制员解决飞行冲突的可靠性,以保障空中交通的安全运行,提出系统理论过程分析(System Theoretic Process Analysis, STPA)与认知可靠性与失误分析方法(Cognitive Reliability and Error Analysis Method, CREAM)相结合的人因可靠性分析方法。首先,通过STPA方法构建系统控制模型,识别不安全控制行为(Unsafe Control Action, UCA)以及致因因素,找到管制员在调配飞行冲突过程中可能存在的差错行为;其次,基于CREAM扩展法对管制员的差错行为进行定量分析,得到管制员调配飞行冲突的人因失误概率。研究显示:使用该方法能够系统、全面地识别出管制员在调配飞行冲突过程中出现的差错行为,进而计算管制员飞行冲突调配的人因失误概率。实例分析表明该方法可以预测管制员在飞行冲突调配过程中的人因失误概率及可靠性,为管制员人因可靠性分析提供了新思路。
基金supported in part by the Department of National Defence’s Innovation for Defence Excellence and Security(IDEa S)Program,Canadathrough the Project of Auto Defence Towards Trustworthy Technologies for Autonomous Human-Machine Systems,NSERCthe IEEE SMC Society Technical Committee on Brain-Inspired Systems(TCBCS)。
文摘Autonomous systems are an emerging AI technology functioning without human intervention underpinned by the latest advances in intelligence,cognition,computer,and systems sciences.This paper explores the intelligent and mathematical foundations of autonomous systems.It focuses on structural and behavioral properties that constitute the intelligent power of autonomous systems.It explains how system intelligence aggregates from reflexive,imperative,adaptive intelligence to autonomous and cognitive intelligence.A hierarchical intelligence model(HIM)is introduced to elaborate the evolution of human and system intelligence as an inductive process.The properties of system autonomy are formally analyzed towards a wide range of applications in computational intelligence and systems engineering.Emerging paradigms of autonomous systems including brain-inspired systems,cognitive robots,and autonomous knowledge learning systems are described.Advances in autonomous systems will pave a way towards highly intelligent machines for augmenting human capabilities.
文摘The paper presents the conceptual and operational basis of the creation of IDSS based on our recent research experience. In this paper, an intelligent decision support system, IDSS is defined as: any interactive system that is specially designed to improve the decision making of its user by extending the user's cognitive decision making abilities. As a result, this view of man-machine joint cognitive system stresses the need to use computational technology to aid the user in the decision making process. And the human's role is to achieve total systems's objectives. The paper outlines the designing procedure in successive steps. First, the decision maker's cognitive needs for decision support are identified. Second, the computationally realizable support functions are defined that could be provided by IDSS. Then, the specific techniques that would best fill the decision needs are discussed. And finally, for system implementation the modern computational technology infrastructure is emphasized.