温肺祛痰散对稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者外周血T淋巴细胞、血清IL-2及sIL-2R的影响

目的:观察温肺祛痰散对稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者外周血T淋巴细胞、血清白细胞介素-2(IL-2)及可溶性白细胞介素-2受体(sIL-2R)的影响,为临床治疗提供参考。方法:选取痰浊阻肺型稳定期COPD患者60例,采用随机数字表法分为两组,每组30例。两组患者均给予缩唇腹式呼吸。对照组给予噻托溴铵治疗,观察组给予噻托溴铵+温肺祛痰散治疗。记录两组治疗前、治疗后中医症候积分、咳嗽评分、生活质量评分及外周血T淋巴细胞、血清IL-2、sIL-2R水平变化,并记录两组疗效和COPD急性发作次数。结果:观察组治疗8周总有效率高于对照组,随访6个月内COPD急性发作次数少于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后两组生活质量评分、CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)、IL-2升高(P<0.05),中医症候积分、咳嗽评分、CD8^(+)、sIL-2R降低(P<0.05),观察组生活质量评分、CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)、IL-2高于对照组(P<0.05),中医症候积分、咳嗽评分、CD8^(+)、IL-2、sIL-2R低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:温肺祛痰散可提高稳定期COPD患者免疫功能,调节血清IL-2及sIL-2R的表达,改善症状,提高生活质量。

1T Phase Transition Metal Dichalcogenides for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

Metallic(1T)phases of transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs)are promising alternatives for Pt as efficient and practically applicable hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)catalysts.Group 61T TMDs are the most widely studied due to their impressively higher HER activity than that of their 2H counterparts.However,the mediocre electrochemical and thermal stability of these TMDs has limited their widespread application.Over the last decade,while immense attempts have been made to enhance the stability of group 61T TMDs,1T TMDs based on other transition metals have gained increasing attention.To address the great potential of the 1T TMD family for industry-scale HER and inspire future breakthroughs in realizing their scalable utilization,a critical overview of 1T TMDs for application in HER is presented in this work.With an emphasis on the recent progress,the main contents include the elucidation of the“structure–performance”relationship in 1T TMD-based HER,the approaches for the synthesis and morphology control of 1T TMDs,and the types of 1T TMD-based materials that have been explored for efficient and long-term water splitting.Before the main discussions,the reaction mechanism of HER and the evaluation indexes for HER catalysts are introduced.Moreover,future perspectives on overcoming the primary challenges that hinder the practical application of 1T TMDs for HER are provided.

Boron doped 1T phase MoS_(2) as a cocatalyst for promoting photocatalytic H_(2) evolution of g-C_(3)N_(4) nanosheets

As one of the 2D transition metal sulfides,1T phase MoS_(2) nanosheets(NSs)have been studied because of their distinguished conductivity and suitable electronic structure.Nevertheless,the active sites are limited to a small number of edge sites only,while the basal plane is catalytically inert.Herein,we report that boron(B)doped 1T phase MoS_(2) NSs can replace precious metals as a co-catalyst to assist in photocatalytic H_(2) production of 2D layered g-C_(3)N_(4) nanosheets(g-C_(3)N_(4) NSs).The H_(2) evolution rate of prepared B-MoS_(2)@g-C_(3)N_(4) composites with 15 wt%B-MoS_(2)(B-MoS_(2)@g-C_(3)N_(4)–15,1612.75μmol h^(−1) g^(−1))is 52.33 times of pure g-C_(3)N_(4) NSs(30.82μmol h^(−1) g^(−1)).Furthermore,the apparent quantum efficiency(AQE)of B-MoS_(2)@g-C_(3)N_(4)–15 composites under the light atλ=370 nm is calculated and reaches 5.54%.The excellent photocatalytic performance of B-MoS_(2)@g-C_(3)N_(4)–15 composites is attributed to the B ions doping inducing the distortion of 1T phase MoS_(2) crystal,which can activate more base planes to offer more active sites for H_(2) evolution reaction(HER).This work of B-MoS_(2)@g-C_(3)N_(4) composites offers experience in the progress of effective and low-price photocatalysts for HER.

T/R组件故障对DBF影响分析及维护策略研究

针对相控阵雷达T/R组件故障数低于总数10%时的可维护性和维护时机问题,分析通道故障对数字波束形成的影响规律,提出保持雷达性能不降级的维护策略。首先,基于面阵结构分别建立发射数字波束形成(DBF)数学模型和基于最小均方(LMS)算法的接收数字波束形成数学模型。其次,仿真验证T/R组件处于正常和部分失效2种状态时的波束形成性能,采用5个指标对比分析故障数量和故障区域对接收DBF性能和雷达探测性能的影响。最后,分析其内在规律,提出维护策略,为科学精细维修与作战效能发挥提供理论依据和决策支持。

STUDY ON THE STABILITY OF T'PHASE IN THE Al-Zn-Cu TERNARY SYSTEM

The phase constitutes and phase compositions in the eight alloys designed with dif-ferent compositions of Al--Zn--Cu system have been determined after the homogenous treatment and then equilibrium cooling to 20℃by use of optical microscope,electron probe microanalysis and X--ray diffraction.It has been found that there existed the T'phase in the seven alloys.Consequently,it was testified that the T'phase was stable at room temperature.At the same time,the phase relationship was not locally right for the isothermal section of 20℃of Al--Zn--Cu system of the ASM published in 1997.

Phase Equilibria of Hornblende-Bearing Eclogite in the Western Dabie Mountain,Central China

The high-pressure （HP） eclogite in the western Dabie Mountain encloses numerous hornblendes, mostly barroisite. Opinions on the peak metamorphic P-T condition, PT path and mineral paragenesis of it are still in dispute. Generally, HP eclogite involves garnet, omphacite, hornblendes and quartz, with or without glaucophane, zoisite and phengite. The garnet has compositional zoning with XMg increase, XCa and XMn decrease from core to rim, which indicates a progressive metamorphism. The phase equilibria of the HP eclogite modeled by the P-T pseudosection method developed recently showed the following： （1） the growth zonation of garnet records a progressive metamorphic PT path from pre-peak condition of 1.9-2.1 GPa at 508~C-514~C to a peak one of 2.3-2.5 GPa at 528~C-531~C for the HP eclogite; （2） the peak mineral assemblage is garnet＋omphacite＋glaucophane＋quartz_＋phengite, likely paragenetic with lawsonite; （3） the extensive hornblendes derive mainly from glaucophane, partial omphacite and even a little garnet due to the decompression with some heating during the post-peak stage, mostly representing the conditions of about 1.4-1.6 GPa and 580~C-640~C, and their growth is favored by the dehydration of lawsonite into zoisite or epidote, but most of the garnet, omphacite or phengite in the HP eclogite still preserve their compositions at peak condition, and they are not obviously equilibrious with the hornblendes.

Phase Transformation Mechanism of Graphite-Turbostratic Graphite in the Course of Mechanical Grinding

The transformation from graphite to turbostratic graphite by means of the treatment with high energy ball milling was investigated by X ray powder diffraction method. It is believed that the size effect of nano crystal leads to this transformation. A possible transformation mechanism is proposed from the change of the eletronic structure of the hexagonal plane of the carbon atoms.

Partial phase relationships of Mg-Zn-Ce system at 350 ℃

The alloys were prepared in Mg-rich corner of Mg-Zn-Ce system. Partial phase equilibrium relationships of these alloys at 350 ℃ were identified by using scanning electron microscopy(SEM), electron probe microanalysis(EPMA), X-ray diffraction(XRD) analysis and selected area electron diffraction(SAED) pattern analysis of transmission electron microscopy(TEM). Partial isothermal section of Mg-Zn-Ce system in Mg-rich corner was identified. The results show that there is one ternary compound (T-phase) in Mg-Zn-Ce system. The T-phase is a linear ternary compound in which the content of Ce is about 7.7% (molar fraction); while the content of Zn is changed from 19.3% to 43.6% (molar fraction). The crystal structure of T-phase is C-centered orthorhombic. In addition, one two-phase region of Mg+T-phase and one three-phase region of Mg+T-phase+MgZn(Ce) exist in the Mg-rich corner of Mg-Zn-Ce system at 350 ℃.

T型管油水分离效率的正交数值试验研究

T型管广泛应用于油田的油水分离,影响其分离效率的因素较多。运用正交试验方法对T型管的管径、垂直管间距、垂直管数等三个几何参数和含油率、进口速度和分流比等三个操作参数共计6因素3水平设计了18组试验方案,并运用计算流体力学数值模拟方法对其进行了数值试验研究,结果表明:各因素对T型管分离效率的影响大小为垂直管数>垂直管间距>分流比>含油率>入口流速>管径。管径60 mm、垂直管数3、垂直管间距1000 mm、含油率40%、入口流速0.35 m/s、分流比0.4为T型管的最优结构组合,此时T型管的分离效率达到99.99%。分离效率随垂直管数、垂直管间距的增加先降低再升高,随分流比、含油率的增加先升高再降低。管径和入口速度对分离效率的影响较小,其大小可视需要而定。

Electro-optical properties and(E,F) phase diagram of fluorinated chiral smectic liquid crystals

Fluorinated smectic liquid crystals each with a biphenyl benzoate rigid core are investigated. Molecular structures of the studied compounds have difference only in fluorine position and the length of the carbon chain. Dielectric relaxation study and electro-optical measurements are carried out with the classical SSFLC geometry. The field-induced phase transitions are studied and the（E,T） phase diagram is established.

Phase Equilibrium of Mg-Zn-La System in Mg-Rich Corner from 200 to 350 ℃

Alloys of Mg-Zn-La system in Mg rich corner were prepared, and the phase relationship was investigated at different temperatures such as 200, 300 and 350 ℃ by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and electron probe microanalysis with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EPMA). Two types of phase equilibrium were identified at the different temperatures. One is two-phase equilibrium contained the Mg solid solution and T-phase. The other is three-phase equilibrium which contained the Mg solid solution, MgZn phase and T-phase. T-phase was stable as the temperature changed. The La content in T-phase is constant which is about 8±0.3% (atom fraction); but the Mg content and Zn content of that is changed, and the Zn content in T-phase was from 16.1% to 44%. The solubility of La in MgZn phase was increased from 1.2% to 1.6% as the temperature increasing from 200 to 350 ℃.

Optical nonlinearity measurement of 4-(N-methyl,N-hydroxyethl)amino,4'-nitroazobenzene using a transmittance technique with a phase object(T-PO) with top-hat beams at 600-nm wavelength

The transmittance technique with a phase object（T-PO）,for measuring optical nonlinear coefficients is proposed with a top-hat beam.The sensitivity of the T-PO with a top-hat beam is a factor of 4 greater than that with a Gaussian beam.The validity of this method is verified by measuring the nonlinearity of a well-characterized liquid,CS 2 at 532-nm wavelength.The ease of use of this method has been proved by measuring a new compound 4-（N-methyl,N-hydroxyethyl）amino,4＇-nitroazobenzene（ANAB） at 600-nm wavelength,indicating that this method can be extended to the measurement of optical nonlinearities in a wide-band spectrum.

基于T-history法的脂肪酸相变材料的凝固-熔化动力学模型及关键参数

相变材料的熔化、结晶特性对相变储能具有重要意义,现有相变模型设定相分数与温度区间呈线性关系,未能考虑温度变化速率对相变过程的影响,因而在有关应用中的预测准确率较低。为研究温度与温度变化速率共同作用下的两相转化规律,对相变过程进行了理论分析,以相分数作为关键参数,通过固相和液相的PCM组分之间的可逆反应建立凝固-熔化动力学模型。设定Avrami方程作为模型中的反应函数,以Arrhenius方程作为模型中的速率函数。选用建筑领域常用的脂肪酸类相变材料正癸酸、月桂酸、辛酸作为实验材料,采用T-history法,通过等温结晶实验对Avrami方程进行拟合验证。经过验证证实Avrami方程与等温结晶实验所获得数据之间呈现出高度一致性与可靠性之后,通过非等温实验测试获得相变材料在不同温度与温度变化速率下的热力学信息,结合热分析动力学方法,对模型中的关键动力学参数研究测定。研究结果表明:活化能与常数因子变化趋势一致且存在互补效应,不同相变材料的活化能与常数因子大小不同,随相变过程进行,变化情况不同。反应级数随着温度变化速率的增大而减小,且凝固过程的反应级数普遍大于熔化过程。

聚变堆真空室T型焊缝相控阵超声检测技术分析

作为聚变堆装置中的核心部件,真空室的焊缝坡口要求全焊透,对焊接质量有着严格要求。针对聚变堆真空室T型焊缝,使用相控阵超声检测的方式控制焊缝质量。然而焊缝粗晶的组织特征和真空室的复杂结构给相控阵超声检测带来了挑战。针对此问题,首先通过CIVA软件对探头焦点和焦柱尺寸进行仿真计算,并根据计算结果为检测方案设计提供参考,然后设计了使用双面阵探头在腹板侧面激发扇形扫查,结合线阵探头在翼板外侧面激发角度垂直于熔合线的线性扫查的检测方案,对预埋有典型焊接缺陷的模拟试块进行了检测,实现了缺陷的全检出。该检测方案可为T型焊缝检测的实际应用提供参考。

补肾助孕方对黄体功能不全性不孕症大鼠Treg、Th17及其相关因子的影响

目的探讨补肾助孕方对黄体功能不全(Luteal phase defect,LPD)性不孕症大鼠模型调节性T细胞(Treg)、辅助性T细胞17(Th17)及相关因子的影响。方法采用大鼠灌服米非司酮混合液(10 mL·kg^(-1))构建LPD性不孕症模型,分别给予阳性药地屈孕酮混合液(0.02 g·kg^(-1))和补肾助孕低(4.5 g·kg^(-1))、中(9 g·kg^(-1))、高(18 g·kg^(-1))剂量组干预。通过苏木精-伊红(Hematoxylin-eosin,HE)染色观察子宫组织病理形态,流式细胞法和ELISA法检测大鼠外周血Treg、Th17细胞百分比和相关因子含量,Western blot和qPCR法检测大鼠Treg、Th17细胞转录因子蛋白水平及mRNA的表达。结果与空白组相比,模型组子宫内膜厚度明显变薄(P<0.01),Treg细胞百分比及抗炎因子白介素-10(IL-10)含量显著下降(P<0.01),Th17细胞百分比及炎症因子白介素-17A(IL-17A)明显升高(P<0.01),FOXP3蛋白及mRNA表达被抑制(P<0.05,P<0.001),RORγT蛋白及mRNA水平呈现高表达(P<0.01,P<0.001);与模型组相比,地屈孕酮及补肾助孕中、高剂量组能增加子宫内膜增厚(P<0.05,P<0.01),促进子宫内膜腺体的增生和发育;Treg细胞百分比及IL-10含量显著增加(P<0.01,P<0.001),Th17细胞百分比明显下降(P<0.01,P<0.001),FOXP3蛋白表达上调(P<0.01,P<0.001);补肾助孕中、高剂量组IL-17A含量及RORγT蛋白表达降低(P<0.05,P<0.01);地屈孕酮组和补肾助孕高剂量组FOXP3 mRNA水平显著升高(P<0.01,P<0.001),RORγT mRNA表达下调(P<0.001)。结论补肾助孕方可调节LPD性不孕症大鼠的免疫平衡,提高子宫内膜容受性,这可能是治疗不孕症的新的思路。

Microstructure characterization on Mg-2Nd-4Zn-1Zr alloy duringheat treatment

The microstructures of Mg-2Nd-4Zn-1Zr alloy in the as-cast state and after heat treatment were investigated. Several kinds of secondary phases were found and characterized by transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. In the as-cast alloy, the existing eutectic compounds are Mg-Nd-Zn ternary phases： T phases and W phases. After the heat treatment, with increasing the temperature or time, it was found that T phase almost dissolved into the α-Mg matrix, while a large amount of W phase remained in the matrix. On the other hand, with prolonging the time, the morphology of the phase changed from continuous network to the spherical shape along the grain boundary. The density of the W phase gradually decreased and finally it was coarsened and stabilized in the treatment process.

分阶段激励式护理在胆石症术后留置T管患者中的应用效果

目的:分析分阶段激励式护理在胆石症患者术后留置T管中的应用价值。方法:选取2021年1月—2023年1月于滨州医学院附属医院确诊为胆石症且均于术后留置T管的患者74例为研究对象,通过随机数字表法分为对照组与观察组,各37例。对照组给予术后T管常规护理,观察组运用术后T管分阶段激励式护理。比较两组并发症发生情况、T管知识知晓率、护理满意度。结果:观察组并发症总发生率低于对照组(P=0.025);观察组T管知识知晓率高于对照组(P=0.007);观察组护理总满意度高于对照组(P=0.021)。结论:对于胆石症术后留置T管的患者通过运用分阶段激励式护理能够有效降低并发症发生率,提高患者的护理满意度及T管知识知晓率。

阿仑膦酸钠维D3或维生素D2预处理对首次静脉输注唑来膦酸炎症细胞因子及外周血T淋巴细胞的影响

目的研究阿仑膦酸钠维D3、单次肌肉注射维生素D2预处理对首次静脉输注唑来膦酸治疗绝经后骨质疏松症患者外周血炎症细胞因子及T淋巴细胞亚群的影响。方法选取绝经后骨质疏松症患者97例,按照随机数字表法随机分为口服阿仑膦酸钠维D3预处理组(阿仑膦酸钠维D3组,n=33)、单次肌肉注射维生素D2组(维生素D2组,n=31)、无预处理组(对照组,n=33)。首次静脉输注唑来膦酸前及输注唑来膦酸24 h后留取外周血,比较分析3组的临床资料、输注唑来膦酸前后外周血炎症细胞因子、T淋巴细胞表面标志物。结果对照组、维生素D2组、阿仑膦酸钠维D3组输注唑来膦酸前外周血炎症细胞因子白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、γ干扰素(interferon-γ,IFN-γ)及T淋巴细胞表面标志物CD3^(+)、CD3^(+)/CD3^(+)CD69^(+)(CD3^(+)与CD3^(+)CD69^(+)两者比值)差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。三组静脉输注唑来膦酸后IL-6、TNF-α、IFN-γ均较输注前升高(均P<0.05),对照组静脉输注唑来膦酸后IL-6升高水平高于其他两组(P<0.05),维生素D2组高于阿仑膦酸钠维D3组(P=0.002)。三组静脉输注唑来膦酸后TNF-α、IFN-γ升高水平差异均无统计学意义。三组静脉输注唑来膦酸后CD3^(+)T淋巴细胞均较输注前减少,阿仑膦酸钠维D3组CD3^(+)T淋巴细胞减少程度低于对照组(P=0.040)。三组静脉输注唑来膦酸后CD3^(+)/CD3^(+)CD69^(+)T淋巴细胞均较前增多,且对照组、维生素D2组较阿仑膦酸钠维D3组增加更多(P=0.047、0.046)。三组静脉输注唑来膦酸前后CD3^(+)/CD3^(+)TCRγδ^(+)、CD3^(+)/CD3^(+)TCRγδ^(+)/CD27-IL-23R^(+)、CD3^(+)/CD3^(+)TCRγδ^(+)/CD27-IL-23R-、CD3^(+)/CD3^(+)TCRγδ^(+)/CD27^(dim) IL-23R-、CD3^(+)/CD3^(+)TCRγδ^(+)/CD27 High IL-23R-水平差值差异均无统计学意义。结论阿仑膦酸钠维D3、维生素D2预处理可减少首次静脉输注唑来膦酸引起急性时相反应的相关炎症细胞因子IL-6的产生,阿仑膦酸钠维D3预处理保留了静脉输注唑来膦酸后的CD3^(+)T淋巴细胞数目,减少CD3^(+)/CD3^(+)CD69^(+)T淋巴细胞的产生,减少炎症相关淋巴细胞活化,可减轻首次静脉输注唑来膦酸出现的急性时相反应。

喂子坪秦岭杂岩麻粒岩相变沉积岩的变质作用p-T演化及其构造意义

秦岭杂岩位于秦岭造山带北秦岭构造带,是研究秦岭造山带早古生代构造演化的重要岩石构造单元。喂子坪地区发育有典型的秦岭杂岩,其中的混合岩是由变沉积岩经历了强烈的深熔作用形成的。本研究对其进行了岩相学、变质相平衡模拟和LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学研究,以深入揭示它们的变质温压演化特征,进而阐明它们指示的构造意义。混合岩的中色体由含石榴子石角闪黑云斜长片麻岩和含石榴子石黑云角闪斜长片麻岩组成。含石榴子石角闪黑云斜长片麻岩只记录了峰期变质矿物组合,为镁铁闪石+石榴子石+斜长石+石英+黑云母+钛铁矿+熔体,而含石榴子石黑云角闪斜长片麻岩记录了3个变质演化阶段,分别是早期进变质阶段(M1):黑云母+斜长石+石英;峰期变质阶段(M2):镁铁闪石+石榴子石+斜长石+石英+黑云母+钛铁矿+熔体;退变质阶段(M3):普通角闪石+斜长石+黑云母+石英+熔体。全岩成分视剖面图模拟计算显示含石榴子石角闪黑云斜长片麻岩和含石榴子石黑云角闪斜长片麻岩压力峰期的变质温压条件分别为790~810℃/990~1040 MPa和840~862℃/1000~1190 MPa。含石榴子石黑云角闪斜长片麻岩3组局部矿物组合域成分视剖面图模拟计算得到压力峰期后变质阶段的温压条件为735~814℃/400~810 MPa、721~794℃/430~700 MPa、740~810℃/470~780 MPa。因此,本研究揭示了喂子坪地区秦岭杂岩片麻岩记录了近等温降压的p-T轨迹。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年得到含石榴子石角闪黑云斜长片麻岩和2个浅色体样品中的变质锆石206Pb/238U加权平均年龄分别为383.2±7.0 Ma、400±3.6 Ma和406.7±7.8 Ma。结合已发表的数据,喂子坪地区变沉积岩麻粒岩相峰期变质作用和强烈的混合岩化作用的时代约为410~390 Ma,而约380 Ma的年龄可能代表退变质冷却到固相线的时代。片麻岩近等温降压的变质演化轨迹指示喂子坪地区秦岭杂岩的变沉积岩在下地壳经历了麻粒岩相变质作用和随后的快速抬升,与碰撞造山引起的地壳增厚和随后的地壳伸展有关。

TEM microstructure of rapidly solidified Mg-6Zn-1Y-1Ce alloy

Rapidly solidified（RS） Mg-6Zn-1Y-1Ce ribbons were prepared by single roller melt-spinning technique.Transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were employed to characterize the microstructure of RS ribbons.The results show that there is high density of particles distributed within grains and at grain boundaries in the region near wheel side.The particle density is decreased in the middle region and free surface region.The alloy is predominantly composed of supersaturated--Mg solid solution,T phase and W phase;meanwhile,a few icosahedral quasicrystalline and Mg4Zn7 particles are also observed.The T phase is confirmed having a body-centered orthorhombic structure that is transformed from the body-centered tetragonal structure Mg12Ce phase due to the partial substitution of Mg atoms by Zn.