BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)targeting programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1)and T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3(TIM-3)are beneficial to the resumption of anti-tumor immunity...BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)targeting programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1)and T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3(TIM-3)are beneficial to the resumption of anti-tumor immunity response and hold extreme potential as efficient therapies for certain malignancies.However,ICIs with a single target exhibit poor overall response rate in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)patients due to the complex pathological mechanisms of HCC.AIM To investigate the effects of combined TIM-3 and PD-1 blockade on tumor development in an HCC mouse model,aiming to identify more effective immunotherapies and provide more treatment options for HCC patients.METHODS The levels of PD-1 and TIM-3 on CD4+and CD8+T cells from tumor tissues,ascites,and matched adjacent tissues from HCC patients were determined with flow cytometry.An HCC xenograft mouse model was established and treated with anti-TIM-3 monoclonal antibody(mAb)and/or anti-PD-1 mAb.Tumor growth in each group was measured.Hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to evaluate T cell infiltration in tumors.The percentage of CD4+and CD8+T cells in tissue samples from mice was tested with flow cytometry.The percentages of PD-1+CD8+,TIM-3+CD8+,and PD-1+TIM-3+CD8+T cells was accessed by flow cytometry.The levels of the cytokines including tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α),interferon-γ(IFN-γ),interleukin(IL)-6,and IL-10 in tumor tissues were gauged with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits.RESULTS We confirmed that PD-1 and TIM-3 expression was substantially upregulated in CD4+and CD8+T cells isolated from tumor tissues and ascites of HCC patients.TIM-3 mAb and PD-1 mAb treatment both reduced tumor volume and weight,while combined blockade had more substantial anti-tumor effects than individual treatment.Then we showed that combined therapy increased T cell infiltration into tumor tissues,and downregulated PD-1 and TIM-3 expression on CD8+T cells in tumor tissues.Moreover,combined treatment facilitated the production of T cell effector cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ,and reduced the production of immunosuppressive cytokines IL-10 and IL-6 in tumor tissues.Thus,we implicated that combined blockade could ameliorate T cell exhaustion in HCC mouse model.CONCLUSION Combined TIM-3 and PD-1 blockade restrains HCC development by facilitating CD4+ and CD8+T cell-mediated antitumor immune responses.展开更多
目的探讨EBV mi R-BART17-3p影响原发免疫性血小板减少症(ITP)患儿Treg/Th17平衡的机制。方法收集ITP患儿(ITP组,20例)和健康儿童(对照组,20例)外周血并分离CD_(4)^(+)T细胞。采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应法、Western blot法、酶联...目的探讨EBV mi R-BART17-3p影响原发免疫性血小板减少症(ITP)患儿Treg/Th17平衡的机制。方法收集ITP患儿(ITP组,20例)和健康儿童(对照组,20例)外周血并分离CD_(4)^(+)T细胞。采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应法、Western blot法、酶联免疫吸附法检测EBV mi R-BART17-3p、T细胞免疫球蛋白黏蛋白3(Tim-3)、叉头框蛋白P3(Fox P3)、白细胞介素17A(IL-17A)和转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)的m RNA、蛋白表达水平及含量。采用双荧光素酶报告基因实验考察EBV mi R-BART17-3p对Tim-3表达水平的影响。将15只BALB/C小鼠随机分为空白对照组、模型组、观察组,各5只。腹腔注射抗血小板抗体MWReg30以复制ITP小鼠模型,建模4 d后观察组小鼠予尾静脉注射携带EBV mi R-BART17-3p inhibitor的腺病毒载体。细胞染色并观察形态,检测外周血中TGF-β、IL-17A含量及血小板计数,采用流式细胞仪分别检测CD_(4)^(+)T细胞中Th17和Treg水平,并计算二者百分比。结果与对照组比较,ITP组患儿外周血EBV mi R-BART17-3p表达水平显著升高,Tim-3和TGF-βm RNA表达水平显著降低(P<0.05);Tim-3 m RNA表达水平与EBV mi R-BART17-3p表达水平呈显著负相关(r=-0.732,P<0.001)。Tim-3慢病毒载体p LKO.1-sh-Tim-3(sh-Tim-3)可显著降低Tim-3、Fox P3、TGF-β水平(P<0.05)。mi R-BART17-3p mimic显著升高了CD_(4)^(+)T细胞中mi R-BART17-3p的表达水平,并显著降低了Tim-3、Fox P3、TGF-βm RNA和蛋白表达水平(P<0.05);mi R-BART17-3p mimic可显著降低TGF-β含量,Tim-3+mi R-BART17-3p过表达逆转了mi R-BART17-3p mimic对TGF-β的抑制作用。动物实验结果显示,沉默EBV mi R-BART17-3p可促进Treg分化,减少脾脏和骨髓组织中的巨核细胞计数,并显著增加外周血中血小板计数。结论EBV mi R-BART17-3p可通过Fox P3/Tim-3途径调节ITP患儿Treg/Th17的免疫失衡。展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the gene expression of 4-1BB in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and its possible significance in clinical liver transplantation. METHODS: Reverse transcription-polymerase chain rea...OBJECTIVE: To investigate the gene expression of 4-1BB in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and its possible significance in clinical liver transplantation. METHODS: Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to determine the gene expression of 4-1BB in PBMCs from 22 patients receiving liver transplantation, 13 patients with primary liver carcinoma (PLC), and 12 healthy controls. To determine whether 4-1BB molecule is also expressed on the surface of CD4^+ and CD8^+ T cell, flow cytometry was used to analyse the phenotype of T cell subsets from the blood of liver transplantation patients. RESULTS: 4-1BB mRNA was detected in PBMCs from stable survivors after liver transplantation, but almost not deteeted in PBMCs from PLC patients and healthy controls. Meanwhile, 4-1BB was almost not expressed on the surface of CD4^+ and CD8^+ T cells in healthy controls and PLC patients. A low level of 4-1BB expression, however, was found on the surface of CD4^+ and CD8^+ T cells from the stable survivors after liver transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that although patients are stable after liver transplantation, effector T-cells can also be activated through the signal of 4-1BB molecule and persistent irmmune response to grafts. Blockage of 4-1BB/4-1BBL pathway may benefitially reduce the clinical dosage of immunosuppressive agents and prolong the survival of grafts.展开更多
基金Supported by the First-Class Discipline Construction Founded Project of Ningxia Medical University and the School of Clinical Medicine,No.2020008.
文摘BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)targeting programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1)and T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3(TIM-3)are beneficial to the resumption of anti-tumor immunity response and hold extreme potential as efficient therapies for certain malignancies.However,ICIs with a single target exhibit poor overall response rate in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)patients due to the complex pathological mechanisms of HCC.AIM To investigate the effects of combined TIM-3 and PD-1 blockade on tumor development in an HCC mouse model,aiming to identify more effective immunotherapies and provide more treatment options for HCC patients.METHODS The levels of PD-1 and TIM-3 on CD4+and CD8+T cells from tumor tissues,ascites,and matched adjacent tissues from HCC patients were determined with flow cytometry.An HCC xenograft mouse model was established and treated with anti-TIM-3 monoclonal antibody(mAb)and/or anti-PD-1 mAb.Tumor growth in each group was measured.Hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to evaluate T cell infiltration in tumors.The percentage of CD4+and CD8+T cells in tissue samples from mice was tested with flow cytometry.The percentages of PD-1+CD8+,TIM-3+CD8+,and PD-1+TIM-3+CD8+T cells was accessed by flow cytometry.The levels of the cytokines including tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α),interferon-γ(IFN-γ),interleukin(IL)-6,and IL-10 in tumor tissues were gauged with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits.RESULTS We confirmed that PD-1 and TIM-3 expression was substantially upregulated in CD4+and CD8+T cells isolated from tumor tissues and ascites of HCC patients.TIM-3 mAb and PD-1 mAb treatment both reduced tumor volume and weight,while combined blockade had more substantial anti-tumor effects than individual treatment.Then we showed that combined therapy increased T cell infiltration into tumor tissues,and downregulated PD-1 and TIM-3 expression on CD8+T cells in tumor tissues.Moreover,combined treatment facilitated the production of T cell effector cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ,and reduced the production of immunosuppressive cytokines IL-10 and IL-6 in tumor tissues.Thus,we implicated that combined blockade could ameliorate T cell exhaustion in HCC mouse model.CONCLUSION Combined TIM-3 and PD-1 blockade restrains HCC development by facilitating CD4+ and CD8+T cell-mediated antitumor immune responses.
文摘目的探讨EBV mi R-BART17-3p影响原发免疫性血小板减少症(ITP)患儿Treg/Th17平衡的机制。方法收集ITP患儿(ITP组,20例)和健康儿童(对照组,20例)外周血并分离CD_(4)^(+)T细胞。采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应法、Western blot法、酶联免疫吸附法检测EBV mi R-BART17-3p、T细胞免疫球蛋白黏蛋白3(Tim-3)、叉头框蛋白P3(Fox P3)、白细胞介素17A(IL-17A)和转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)的m RNA、蛋白表达水平及含量。采用双荧光素酶报告基因实验考察EBV mi R-BART17-3p对Tim-3表达水平的影响。将15只BALB/C小鼠随机分为空白对照组、模型组、观察组,各5只。腹腔注射抗血小板抗体MWReg30以复制ITP小鼠模型,建模4 d后观察组小鼠予尾静脉注射携带EBV mi R-BART17-3p inhibitor的腺病毒载体。细胞染色并观察形态,检测外周血中TGF-β、IL-17A含量及血小板计数,采用流式细胞仪分别检测CD_(4)^(+)T细胞中Th17和Treg水平,并计算二者百分比。结果与对照组比较,ITP组患儿外周血EBV mi R-BART17-3p表达水平显著升高,Tim-3和TGF-βm RNA表达水平显著降低(P<0.05);Tim-3 m RNA表达水平与EBV mi R-BART17-3p表达水平呈显著负相关(r=-0.732,P<0.001)。Tim-3慢病毒载体p LKO.1-sh-Tim-3(sh-Tim-3)可显著降低Tim-3、Fox P3、TGF-β水平(P<0.05)。mi R-BART17-3p mimic显著升高了CD_(4)^(+)T细胞中mi R-BART17-3p的表达水平,并显著降低了Tim-3、Fox P3、TGF-βm RNA和蛋白表达水平(P<0.05);mi R-BART17-3p mimic可显著降低TGF-β含量,Tim-3+mi R-BART17-3p过表达逆转了mi R-BART17-3p mimic对TGF-β的抑制作用。动物实验结果显示,沉默EBV mi R-BART17-3p可促进Treg分化,减少脾脏和骨髓组织中的巨核细胞计数,并显著增加外周血中血小板计数。结论EBV mi R-BART17-3p可通过Fox P3/Tim-3途径调节ITP患儿Treg/Th17的免疫失衡。
文摘OBJECTIVE: To investigate the gene expression of 4-1BB in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and its possible significance in clinical liver transplantation. METHODS: Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to determine the gene expression of 4-1BB in PBMCs from 22 patients receiving liver transplantation, 13 patients with primary liver carcinoma (PLC), and 12 healthy controls. To determine whether 4-1BB molecule is also expressed on the surface of CD4^+ and CD8^+ T cell, flow cytometry was used to analyse the phenotype of T cell subsets from the blood of liver transplantation patients. RESULTS: 4-1BB mRNA was detected in PBMCs from stable survivors after liver transplantation, but almost not deteeted in PBMCs from PLC patients and healthy controls. Meanwhile, 4-1BB was almost not expressed on the surface of CD4^+ and CD8^+ T cells in healthy controls and PLC patients. A low level of 4-1BB expression, however, was found on the surface of CD4^+ and CD8^+ T cells from the stable survivors after liver transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that although patients are stable after liver transplantation, effector T-cells can also be activated through the signal of 4-1BB molecule and persistent irmmune response to grafts. Blockage of 4-1BB/4-1BBL pathway may benefitially reduce the clinical dosage of immunosuppressive agents and prolong the survival of grafts.
