NUCLEOLAR ORGANIZER REGIONS IN CUTANEOUS T CELL LYMPHOMAS

The present work studied the application of AgNOR count to differential diagnosis between cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) and cutaneous pseudolymphoma (CPL). Paraffin sections from 50 mycosis fungoides (22 MFI-Premycotic stage, 24 MF Ⅰ infiltrative stage and 4 MF Ⅲ - tumor stage), 2 nonepidermotropic cutaneous T cell lymphoma (NECTCL) and 9 CPL were investigated. In each case, 200 cells randomly selected were examined using a × 100 oil immersion lens. The mean number, standard deviation and standard error of the mean of AgNOR counts were as follows: MFⅠ 1.17±0.09, SEM = 0.01; MⅡ 1.17±0.01, SEM = 0.01; MF Ⅲ. 3.55±0.87, SEM = 0.43; NECTCL 4.5±0.28, SEM -0.199; CPL 1.17±0.1, SEM ± 0.03. The results revealed a highly significant difference between CTCL (MFⅢ+NECTCL) and CPL (t = 4.75, P<0.001), tumor stage (MF Ⅲ) and pretumor stage (MFI, MF Ⅱ) of mycosis fungoides (t = 4.75, P<0.001). Thus. AgNOR count is valuable in differential diagnosis.

Primary Cutaneous Gamma Delta T Cell Lymphoma: A Clinicopathological Analysis

Primary cutaneous gamma-delta T-cell lymphoma (PCGD-TCL) is a very uncommon and extremely aggressive tumor, and is described in the newly re-vised World health organization for research and treatment of cancer classification of cutaneous lymphomas. A 43-year-old male patient presented with a 4 months history of cutaneous lesion over upper lip, without plaque and any constitutional symptom. Histopathological examination of skin biopsy revealed infiltration of atypical lymphocytes with hyperchromatic irregular nuclei. Immunophenotyping pattern of skin biopsy was compatible with PCGD-TLC. It is a highly aggressive tumor resistant to chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiation therapy. The GDTCL is characterized by a worse prognosis with a median survival of 15 months. Early diagnosis is essential and aggressive therapy is necessary.

T-CELL RECEPTOR GENE REARRANGEMENT ANALYSIS IN THE PRIMARY CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA

Object: The present paper is to evaluate the significance of T cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrange ments in primary cutaneous T cell lymphomas (PCTCL) as detected by analysis of Southern Blot (SBA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Patients and Methods: Skin specimens and peripheral blood samples were taken from 44 patients with PCTCL, including 30 patients with mycosis fungoides (MF), 2 patients with Sezary's syndrome (SS), and 12 patients with PCTCL other than MF and SS (PNCTCL). 11 patients with a presumptive diagnosis of MF, 23 patients with lymphoproliferative dermatoses including lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) and 8 patients with benign cutaneous lymphoid infiltrates were simultaneously studied by the amplification of junctional V (variable) J (joining) sequences of the rearranged TCRγ genes by PCR(TCRγPCR) and the analysis of TCRb chain genes by SBA(TCRβSBA) for detection of clonal gene rearrangements (GR). One lymph node specimen of a case with MF IIA was also detected by TCRγ PCR and TCRβSBA. Results: In MF, GR were detected by TCRγPCR and TCRβSBAb in 83.3 85.7% and 66.7% 71.4% of skin specimens of cases IIA IIB and in 57.1% 70.0% and 14.3% 10.0% of those of cases IA IB, respectively. GR were seen in 66.7% 71.4% and 33.3% 43.0.% of blood samples of cases IIA IIB, and 42.9% 40.0% and 0 10.0% of those of cases IA IB, respectively. GR was confirmed by TCRγ PCR and TCRβSBA in one lymph node showing dermato pathic lymphadenopathy of a case with MF IIA. In 11 patients of clinically suspected MF, GR were present in skin specimens of 5 cases (45.4%) and in blood samples of 3 cases ( 27.3% ) by TCRγ PCR. In PNCTCL, GR were found in 9 skin specimens (90.0%) from 10 patients detected by TCRγ PCR and in 6 skin specimens (75.0%) from 8 patients detected by TCRβSBA. GR were also seen in 6 blood samples (72.8%) from 11 patients detected by TCRγ PCR, and in 7 blood samples (70.0%) from 10 patients by TCRβSBA. In SS and LyP, GR were detected by TCRγ PCR and TCRβSBA in each of the two skin specimens of two cases with LyP and in each of the two blood samples of two cases with SS. GR were seen in one skin specimen of one case with SS and one blood sample of one case with LyP detected by TCRγPCR. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that TCRγ PCR is a rapid, more sensitive tool than TCRβSBA, can be used in the analysis of T cell clonality in skin, lymph node and blood samples of patients with PCTCL and indicated that this method forms a useful supplement to other methods for diagnosis of early and suspected MF, confirmation of PNCTCL and determination of extracutaneous involvement of lymph node and blood.

Low Dose Total Skin Electron Beam Radiation in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma: Review

The treatment of advanced stage MF is especially challenging as single agent overall response rates are in the 35% range and chronic recurrence is the rule. The treatment of CTCL across all stages of disease is aimed at the goal of achieving and sustaining remission. Increasingly, low dose total skin electron beam therapy (TSEBT) is being utilized as a skin directed component in combination therapy for advanced stage CTCL. Researchers are seeking to better define the utility of low dose TSEBT as a method of debulking skin disease while simultaneously treating other disease compartments and in combination with sustained maintenance therapies of both the skin directed and systemic varieties. Data exists showing the efficacy of low dose TSEBT in early and advanced disease. There is also data documenting prolonged treatment responses with TSEBT plus adjuvant skin directed therapies such as PUVA and topical nitrogen mustard. Emerging data examining the role of low dose TSEBT in the prestem cell transplant preparation is also promising. This brief review summarizes the utility of low dose TSEBT in multiagent treatment regimens in CTCL.

Atypical Cutaneous Lymphoproliferative Disorder: A Fatal Mimic of Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma in a Patient with HIV Infection

Atypical cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorder (ACLD) is a rare condition that has been associated with HIV infection. Patients with ACLD present with diffuse, erythematous and pruritic skin lesions accompanied by generalized lymphadenopathy. The clinical characteristics of ACLD overlap most notably with several other conditions including Mycosis Fungoides/Sézary Syndrome (MF/SS), a cutaneous lymphoma of T-cell lineage. Unlike Mycosis Fungoides, the noxious infiltrates of ACLD are not monoclonal but polyclonal and consist of cytotoxic CD8+ T-cells instead of CD4+ T-cells or B-cells. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been reported to improve ACLD. We describe the case of a Caucasian man with longstanding HIV infection who presented with severe erythroderma. Skin and lymph node biopsies showed polyclonal CD8+ T-cell infiltrates. Gene rearrangement studies did not reveal an obvious clonal disorder. Hallmark peripheral blood findings consisting of a severe depletion of CD4+ T-lymphocytes and markedly elevated CD8+ cells provided an important diagnostic clue. Despite the purported benefits of HAART in ameliorating this disorder, erythroderma and extreme pruritus improved only after the patient began taking mycophenolate mofetil and hydroxyurea. Unfortunately, he succumbed to complications of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus septicemia. We alert readers to this rare HIV-associated condition which may mimic other benign and malignant skin conditions and briefly discuss diagnostic and therapeutic options.

Primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma with subsequent leg involvement

Primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma(CALCL)is regarded as an indolent type of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.However,a few recent publications revealed that C-ALCL patients with initial leg involvement had significantly worse survival than those without initial leg involvement.Herein,we report a case of C-ALCL with subsequent leg involvement,which led to death after chemoradiation therapy.A 75 years old Japanese man presented with multiple erythematous nodules in his left arm and the side of his left chest.Histopathological and immunohistochemical studies led to the diagnosis of primary C-ALCL.At the initial diagnosis,no leg lesion was found.One year after the initial diagnosis,C-ALCL appeared in his right lower thigh and left hip.Radiation therapy,low-dose etoposide and CHOP therapy were performed;however,the patient died of malignant lymphoma 4 years after the initial diagnosis.We speculated that the occurrence of subsequent leg involvement may also be indicative of a worse prognosis,as in the case with initial leg involvement in C-ALCL.Therefore,we propose that C-ALCL patients with initial or subsequentleg involvement should be classified as a distinct clinicopathological variant of C-ALCL("leg-type"involvement)and that they may require intense therapy.

Clinicopathology, immunophenotype, T cell receptor gene rearrangement, Epstein-Barr virus status andp53 gene mutation of cutaneous extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal-type

Background Extranodal natural killer/T-cell （NK/T cell） lymphoma, nasal-type, is a rare lymphoma. Skin is the second most common site of involvement after the nasal cavity/nasalpharynx. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinicopathologic features, immunophenotype, T cell receptor （TCR） gene rearrangement, the association with Epstein-Barr virus （EBV） infection and p53 gene mutations of the lymphoma. Methods The clinicopathologic analysis, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization for EBERI/2, TCR gene rearrangement by polymerase chain reaction （PCR）, mutations of p53 gene analyzed by PCR and sequence analysis were employed in this study. Results In the 19 cases, the tumor primarily involved the dermis and subcutaneous layer. Immunohistochemical staining showed that most of the cases expressed CD45RO, CD56, CD3E, TIA-1 and GrB. Three cases were positive for CD3 and two cases were positive for CD30. Monoclonal TCRy gene rearrangement was found in 7 of 18 cases. The positive rate of EBERI/2 was 100%. No p53 gene mutation was detected on the exon 4-9 in the 18 cases. Fifteen cases showed Pro （proline）/Arg （arginine） single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） on the exon 4 at codon 72. The expression of p53 protein was 72% （13/18）immunohistochemically. Conclusions Cutaneous NK/T-cell lymphoma is a rare but highly aggressive lymphoma with poor prognosis. No p53 gene mutation was detected on the exon 4-9, and Pro/Arg SNPs on p53 codon 72 were detected in the cutaneous NK/T-cell lymphoma. The overexpression of p53 protein may not be the result of p53 gene mutation.

Sezary syndrome： a rare form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma

Sezary syndrome （SS） is an erythrodermic, aggressive, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma （CTCL） characterized by a malignant T-cell clone that localizes in the blood and skin, and its diagnosis is based on clinical, histological and biological features. Here we describe a typical case of SS.

Rothmund-thomson syndrome and cutan T-cell lymphoma in childhood

We report a 3-year-old girl suffering from RothmundThomson Syndrome (RTS). The patient at birth had multiplex anomalies: poikilodermatous rash, sceletal abnormalities: palatoschisis, micrognathi, aplasia radii, hypoplastic right and left thenar and thumbs, pesequinus on both site, ectopy renis. The patient in the later ages was detected dental malformation, facial dysmorfism. At the age 3, she had lasion in her muscle. After biopsy, histological examination showed cutan T-cell lymphoma. The patient is the first case who had cutan T-cell lymphoma associated with RTS in this young age.

Clinicopathologic,immunophenotypic and ultrastructrual analyses of ATLL patients with cutaneous involvement

Objective To study 4 cases of adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) as sociated with cutaneous lesions for clinicopathology, immunophenotype, human T cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type Ⅰ (HTLV Ⅰ) provirus DNA and their ultrastru cture. At the same time, HTLV Ⅰ provirus DNA of ATLL patients were also compar ed with 18 cases of cutaneous lymphoma (CL), two cases of actinic reticuloid as well as two cases of lymphocytic infiltration.Methods Immunohistochemistry studies were carried out on the infiltrati ng cells using monoclonal antibodies against CD45 RO, CD20, CD68 on paraffin e mbedded sections by ABC method and using monoclonal antibodies against CD3, CD4 and CD8 with indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) on frozen sections. Skin biopsies were examined by electron microscope. Serum and bone marrow cells were tested f or antibodies against HTLV Ⅰ associated antigen by IIF, and HTLV Ⅰ provirus DNA was examined by PCR method.Results The research showed four patients with ATLL manifesting cutaneo u s lesions, were subsequently found with additional systemic symptoms, as extensi vely enlarged superficial lymph node, abnormal increased IL 2 receptor, flower like cells in their peripheral blood and marrow. The HTLV Ⅰ provirus DNA was positi ve in the peripheral blood, bone marrow, cutaneous lesions and lymph node biopsy specimens by using PCR amplification of specific HTLV Ⅰ fragment while 18 cas es of the CL were negative for HTLV Ⅰ. The special ultrastructure of skin lesi ons was also found in ATLL patients.Conclusions The cutaneous involvement in ATLL is a type of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) but shows some differential immunological markers for diffe rential diagnosis. The examination of HTLV Ⅰ antibodies or HTLV Ⅰ provirus D NA is necessary for diagnosis of ATLL. The ultrastrustural characteristics in skin lesions of ATLL were of atypic al lymphocytes and mononuclear cells invading the epidermis, and the mononuclear cells are possessing the phagocytic function and phagocytizing the degenerated epidermic cells or lymphocytes.

TIGIT与相关皮肤疾病的研究进展

共抑制受体TIGIT由免疫球蛋白和免疫受体酪氨酸抑制基序组成,主要表达在活化的T细胞和先天免疫淋巴细胞表面。TIGIT在黑素瘤、皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤等皮肤肿瘤中表达上调,与银屑病、特应性皮炎等炎症性皮肤病的疾病严重程度呈负相关。本文根据目前国内外研究现状,就TIGIT与相关皮肤病的研究进展进行综述。

皮下脂膜炎样T细胞淋巴瘤与皮肤的结外鼻型NK/T细胞淋巴瘤的对比研究

目的:通过对20例皮下脂膜炎样T细胞淋巴瘤(subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma,SPTL)和19例皮肤的结外鼻型NK/T细胞淋巴瘤的对比研究,加深对2者的认识。方法:从临床病理、免疫标记、EB病毒(Epstein-Barrvirus,EBV)感染和T细胞受体(T-cell receptor,TCR)基因重排等多个方面对2者进行比较。结果:临床表现上2者不易鉴别,但皮肤NK/T细胞淋巴瘤常伴皮肤外播散、预后差;组织学上,SPTL常严格局限于皮下脂肪组织,而皮肤NK/T细胞淋巴瘤以真皮为中心形成弥漫性浸润,常累及皮下脂肪层,更易于见到大片凝固性坏死、血管中心性浸润和亲表皮现象;免疫表型上,SPTL常表达βF1、膜型CD3、CD8,不表达CD4、CD56,而大部分皮肤NK/T细胞淋巴瘤则表达CD56和细胞质CD3ε,仅少数表达膜型CD3、CD8。CD56、CD3、CD8和βF1的表达差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。SPTL患者中检出EBER1/2原位杂交阳性,而皮肤NK/T细胞淋巴瘤100%病例为阳性,2者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。SPTL患者中检出TCR-γ基因克隆性重排,而皮肤NK/T细胞淋巴瘤患者仅有4/18例(22.2%)检出重排,2者之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:有无皮肤外播散,组织学上有无大片凝固性坏死、血管中心性浸润和亲表皮现象,是否表达免疫组织化学标记CD56、CD3、CD3ε、CD8和βF1,EB病毒原位杂交阳性与否,以及TCR-γ克隆性重排检出与否,均可作为SPTL和皮肤NK/T细胞淋巴瘤的鉴别要点。准确鉴别2者需综合临床、组织病理学、免疫表型、EB病毒感染和基因重排等结果进行全面分析。

原发性皮肤CD_(30)^+间变性大T细胞淋巴瘤1例

报告 1例罕见的原发于皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤。患者女 ,18岁 ,头顶部不明原因的反复出现结节状肿物。病理检查 ,免疫组织化学染色瘤细胞CD3 0 + 、CD3 + 、LCA+ 、EMA+ 、CEA-、CD2 0 -。对肿瘤局部放射治疗效果满意。

6例皮下脂膜炎样T细胞淋巴瘤临床病理特征及治疗分析

目的:观察皮下脂膜炎样T细胞淋巴瘤(SPTCL)的临床特点、病理及免疫表型,探讨其有效的治疗方法及预后因素。方法:回顾性分析6例SPTCL患者临床、病理特征及治疗疗效。结果:6例患者均表现为不同部位皮下结节和(或)硬结性红斑,伴或不伴淋巴结肿大。其中2例侵犯骨髓,2例EBV阳性,5例伴有发热。所有患者均有典型的病理学和免疫表型改变,肿瘤细胞浸润皮下小叶及脂肪组织,镜下淋巴瘤细胞花环状围绕单个脂肪细胞排列,中等或大细胞,染色质浓染细胞表达T细胞标记物CD3及CD45RO,不表达B细胞标志物CD20及CD79a,1例CD56阳性,3例TIA-1阳性,4例GranzymeB阳性,3例初始治疗应用CHOP均效果差未达到持续缓解,应用含吉西他滨方案治疗初治和复发患者4例,3例完全缓解(CR),1例部分缓解(PR),均未出现严重血液学毒性。1例合并噬血细胞综合征(HPS)和EBV感染者死亡。结论:含吉西他滨的联合化疗方案是一种对初治及复发SPTCL均有效的治疗方法。伴HPS、合并EBV感染是其不良预后因素。

干扰素联合窄谱中波紫外线治疗皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤16例

目的:观察干扰素(IFN)-α联合窄谱中波紫外线(NB-UVB)治疗皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤的临床疗效。方法:对16例皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤患者采用重组人IFN-α联合NB-UVB治疗。结果:治疗后16例患者完全缓解率为37.5%,有效率为87.5%,无明显不良反应。结论:IFN-α联合NB-UVB治疗皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤是一种安全有效的方法。

种痘水疱病样皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤1例

患儿女,5岁。面部、手背反复发作红斑、水疱4年,皮疹消退后遗留下痘疮样萎缩性瘢痕。血清抗EBVIgG(+)、EBV IgM(-)。皮损组织病理示:真皮全层及皮下脂肪弥漫性淋巴细胞浸润,伴少量嗜酸性粒细胞,可见核分裂象。免疫组化示LCA(+)、UCHL1(+)、CD3(+)、CD5(+)、CD10(+)、CD99(弱+)。基因重排检测示:TCR-γ基因JVI(+)、JVII(弱+)。诊断:种痘水疱病样皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤。明确诊断后转至本院血液科,予CHOP方案化疗,现随访中。

原发性皮肤间变性大细胞淋巴瘤T细胞γ受体、IgH基因重排

目的:探讨原发性皮肤间变性大细胞淋巴瘤(C-ALCL)临床病理特点和基因诊断方法。方法:对6例C-ALCL的临床表现、病理形态学和免疫组化染色进行观察,并用PCR方法对石蜡标本进行T细胞γ受体(TCRγ)和重链免疫球蛋白(IgH)基因重排检测。结果:临床起病以孤立性结节多见,病情进展缓慢,个别可自行消退。5例患者经治疗病情稳定,1例死于淋巴结及肝脏转移。镜下以75%以上CD30+间变性大细胞弥漫浸润真皮及皮下脂肪组织为特点,多数瘤细胞表达T细胞免疫表型。5例标本TCRγ基因重排阳性。结论:C-ALCL是少见的原发皮肤的低度恶性T细胞性淋巴瘤,预后较好。综合临床表现、组织病理改变、免疫组化及基因重排检测有助于本病的正确诊断。

肉芽肿性松弛皮肤病——一种罕见皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤类型

目的 :报道肉芽肿性松弛皮肤病临床病理学特征。方法 :对其临床、组织病理学、免疫组化及分子生物学进行研究。结果 :临床表现为腋窝及腹股沟巨大垂吊皮肤肿块伴四肢腹部红色斑丘疹。组织学呈弥漫性小淋巴细胞、多核巨细胞及组织细胞浸润真皮及皮下组织 ,弹性纤维消失。免疫组化显示小淋巴细胞呈CD3+、CD4 +、CD4 5RO +、CD8-、CD15 -、CD2 0 -、CD30 -、CD5 6 -、TIA 1-和GranzymeB - ;多核巨细胞及单核细胞呈lysozyme +、CD6 8+和Mac387- ;S 10 0蛋白阳性细胞散在分布。分子生物学检查示T细胞受体γ链基因重排。EBER1/ 2原位杂交呈阴性反应。结论 :肉芽肿性松弛皮肤病是CD4 +辅助性T细胞淋巴瘤的罕见类型。

皮下脂膜炎样T细胞淋巴瘤1例

患者女,19岁。左上臂外侧结节、溃疡4个月,泛发全身伴发热2月,加重20天。皮损组织病理示脂肪小叶及小叶间隔内见淋巴细胞弥漫性浸润性生长,肿瘤细胞体积较小,核深染,核仁可见,围绕单个脂肪细胞浸润形成"花环状"结构,并见细胞吞噬现象,脂肪组织坏死伴炎细胞浸润,肿瘤未侵犯真皮和表皮。免疫组化:CD3(+),CD8(-),CD45RO(+),CD20(-),CD56(+),Ki-67阳性细胞大于90%。诊断:皮下脂膜炎样T细胞淋巴瘤。入院3天后因多器官功能衰竭合并败血症而死亡。

人皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤系Hut-78细胞FHIT基因缺失的研究

目的 探讨抑癌基因FHIT在Hut 78细胞中的缺失情况。方法 用巢式RT PCR方法研究FHIT的缺失情况。结果 Hut 78细胞中FHIT基因mRNA比正常缩短 ,外显子 5丢失。结论 FHIT基因外显子 5的缺失可能是皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤FHIT基因失活的主要方式 。