Effect of Methionine Deficiency on the Thymus and the Subsets and Proliferation of Peripheral Blood T-Cell,and Serum IL-2 Contents in Broilers

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of methionine deficiency on cellular immune function by determining morphological and ultrastructural changes of thymus, thymic cell cycle and apoptosis, peripheral blood T-cell subsets, T- cell proliferation function and the serum interleukin-2 （IL-2） contents. 120 1-d-old broilers were randomly divided into two groups （6 replicates in each group and l0 broilers in each replicate） and fed on a control diet or methionine deficient diet for 42 d. Lesions were observed in experiment. Histopathologically, lymphopenia and congestion were observed in the medulla of thymic lobule. Ultrastructurally, there were more apoptosis lymphocytes, and the mitochondria of lymphocytes were swelled in thymus of methionine deficiency. The G0/G~ phase of the cell cycle of the thymus was much higher （P〈0.01）, and the S, G2＋M phases and proliferating index （PI） were lower （P〈0.01） in methionine deficiency than in control group. And the percentage of apoptotic cells in the thymus was significantly increased in methionine deficiency （P〈0.01）. The percentage of CD4＋ and CD8~ T-cells was decreased in methionine deficiency compared with control group. Meanwhile, the proliferation function of peripheral blood T-cell was decreased in methionine deficiency. Also, the serum IL-2 contents were decreased in methionine deficiency. It was concluded that methionine deficiency could cause pathological and ultrastructural changes of thymus, reduce the T-cell population, serum IL-2 contents and the proliferation function of T- cells, and induce increased percentage of apoptotic cells. The cellular immune function was finally impaired in broilers.

Analysis of Chicken T Cell-Mediated Responses on Thymus after Immune Stress

In order to assess chicken T cell-mediated responses after immune stress, 200 two-week-old chickens were randomly divided into control group(C) and treatment groups (T1 and T2). The live I-type of Newcastle disease vaccine (ND) was taken as the source of immunological stress. The chickens in group (T2) were injected with overdose of live I-type Newcastle disease vaccine. After vaccination, the dynamic changes of CD4+, CD8+T cells on thymus were detected by immunohisto-chemistry. The ultra-structure of T cells on thymus of the chickens in group (T2) was observed by electron microscopic. The result showed: (1) After immune stress, from day 1 to day 5, the number of the CD4+T cells significantly declined and reached the bottom at day 5, but the number of the CD8+T cells increased dramatically and peaked at day 5. (2) After immune stress, from day 1 to day 5, part of T cells of chicken thymus came with apoptotic and pathological changes of putrescence continually. These results underscore: the immune stress can cause transient immune adjustment. These changes for chickens were the self-protection mechanism of immune system to adapt to survival and avoid immune disorder.

Effect on T cell subsets and function of isletβ cells of levemir combined with acarbose in elder patients with early-onset type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Objective:To discuss the effect of the combined therapy of levemir and acarbose on T cell subsets and function of isletβ cells in elder patients with early-onset type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Methods:According to the number parity of entry sequence, 100 cases of elder patients with early-onset type 2 Diabetes Mellitus are divided into the control group and the observation group of 50 cases. The control group was treated with novolin and acarbose, the observation group was given subcutaneous injection of levemir and acarbose treatment. Compare the T cell subsets and function of isletβ cells in two group of patients before the treatment (T0), treatment for 4 weeks (T1) ,treatment for 8 weeks (T2).Results:(1) The levels of T0, T1, T2CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ were increased in both groups, and CD8+ decreased. Among them, the levels of T1, T2CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ of the observation group were obviously higher than the control group, the level of CD8+ was lowly than the control group, the difference was statistically significant;(2) In the stage of T0, T1, T2, the levels of FPG, HbA1c, HOMA-IR were showed a downward trend, the levels of FIns, HOMA-B were increased. In these two groups, the levels of T1, T2FPG, HbA1c, HOMA-IR of the observation group were lower than the control group, and the levels of FIns, HOMA-B were higher than the control group, the difference was statistically significant;(3) In the control group occurred 3 cases of hypoglycemia, and the incidence of adverse reactions was 6%. However, in the observation group no occurred adverse reactions, the difference was statistically significant.Conclusions:The combined therapy of levemir and acarbose in elder patients with early-onset type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, It helps to improve immune function, protect the isletβ-cell function.

The influence of immunomodulator on the immunoglobulin and T cell subsets in children with intractable epilepsy

Objective:To observe the influence of immunomodulator on the immunoglobulin and T cell subsets in children with intractable epilepsy.Method:A total of 82 children with intractable epilepsy in our hospital were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups: the control group (41 cases) and the observation group (41 cases). Routine antiepileptic drugs were given to the control group. Medication regimen was that more than 2 kinds of anti epileptic drugs were be combined used. But the immunomodulator wasn't used. Treatment of immune globulin was given to the control group on the basis of observation group. By taking the 400 mg/kg/d as the standard of dosage, for 5 d every course of treatment. One course of treatment was carried out every month, 3 months in total. The changes of IgA, IgG, IgM and CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+ were compared in 2 groups before and after treatment.Result: The comparison of IgA, IgG, IgM in the two groups before treatment was not statistically significant. After treatment, IgA, IgG in observation group were significantly higher than that before treatment and the difference was statistically significant. However, there was no significant difference on the IgM. There was no significant difference on the IgA, IgG, IgM in the control group compared with that before treatment. IgA, IgG in observation group was significant higher than that in the control group. The comparison of IgM between 2 groups was not statistically significant. The comparison of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+ in the two groups before treatment was not statistically significant. After treatment, CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ in observation group were significantly higher than that before treatment;CD8+ in observation group was significantly lower than that before treatment. The difference was statistically significant. There was no significant difference on the CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+ in the control group compared with that before treatment. CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ in observation group was significant higher than that in the control group. CD8+ in observation group was significant lower than that in the control group. The difference was statistically significant.Conclusion:Compared with using routine antiepileptic drugs , application of immune globulin as an immunomodulator combined with conventional antiepileptic drug in children with refractory epilepsy can effectively improve the expression of IgA, IgG, IgM and T cell subsets, which has a positive effect on the immune function of the children.

Relationship between serum levels of IL-4,IL-8,TNF-alpha,T cell subsets and prognosis in patients with psoriasis vulgaris

Objective:To study the relationship between serum levels of IL-4,IL-8,TNF-alpha,T cell subsets and prognosis in patients with psoriasis vulgaris.Methods:A total of 120 patients with psoriasis vulgaris who were treated in our hospital from January 2018 to January 2019 were selected as the study group,and 50 normal subjects who underwent health examination in our hospital during the same period were selected as the control group.The levels of serum IL-4,IL-8,TNF-alpha and T cell subsets in the observation group and the control group were detected and compared.The levels of IL-4,IL-8,TNF-alpha and T cell subsets in the observation group at different time after treatment were compared after standardized western medicine treatment.Pearson test was used to analyze the correlation between IL-4,IL-8,TNF-alpha and T cell subsets.Results:The levels of IL-4,IL-8 and TNF-a in the observation group were higher than those in the control group,while the levels of CD3+,CD4+,CD4+/CD8+in the observation group were lower than those in the control group,and the levels of CD8+in the observation group were higher than those in the control group.There was a significant difference between the two groups.In the observation group,after 8 weeks of treatment,the levels of IL-4,IL-8 and TNF-alpha continued to decrease,CD3+,CD4+,CD4+/CD8+increased and CD8+decreased with the prolongation of treatment time.There was significant difference among the groups.Pearson correlation test was used.IL-4,IL-8,TNF-a had negative correlation with CD3+,CD4+,CD4+/CD8+,and positive correlation with CD8+.Conclusion:The incidence of psoriasis vulgaris is related to the elevation of IL-4,IL-8,TNF-alpha levels and immunodeficiency.The prognosis of psoriasis vulgaris can be judged by monitoring the levels of IL-4,IL-8,TNF-alpha and T cell subsets.

Selectively T cell phosphorylation activation of azvudine in the thymus tissue with immune protection effect

Thymus is the important immune organ,responsible for T cell development and differentiation.The lower circulating T counts have been observed in patients who died from COVID-19 compared with survivors.Azvudine,also known as FNC,is a thymus-homing anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug in treating COVID-19 patients.In this study,single-cell transcriptome,proteomics,and parallel reaction monitoring(PRM)were applied to insight into the activation process of FNC in rat and SARS-CoV-2 rhesus monkey thymus.The results indicated that thymic immune cells possess a robust metabolic capacity for cytidine-analogue drugs such as FNC.Key enzymes involved in the FNC phosphorylation process,such as Dck,Cmpk1,and Nme2,were highly expressed in CD4+ T cells,CD8+ T cells,and DP(CD4+ CD8+)cells.Additionally,FNC could upregulate multiple phosphorylated kinases in various cell types while downregulating the phosphatases,phosphoribosyl transferases,and deaminases,respectively.The robust phosphorylation capacity of the thymus for cytidine analogue drug FNC,and the activation effect of FNC on the NAs metabolism system potentially contribute to its enrichment in the thymus and immune protection effect.This suggests that it is crucial to consider the expression level of phosphorylation kinases when evaluating NA drug properties,as an important factor during antiviral drug design.

Deficiency of Mouse CD4^+CD25^+Foxp3^+ Regulatory T Cells in Xenogeneic Pig Thymus-Grafted Nude Mice Suffering from Autoimmune Diseases

Xenogeneic thymus transplantation can efficiently induce specific immune tolerance to donor antigens in athymic recipients. However, many nude mice suffer from autoimmune diseases （AID） for over 10 weeks after xenogeneic thymus transplantation. CD4^＋CD25^＋Foxp3^＋ regulatory T （Treg） cells were recently determined to play a pivotal role in keeping immune tolerance in humans and mice. Thus, we investigated this subpopulation of Treg cells in the periphery of pig thymus-grafted nude mice suffering from AID. Our results showed that the expression of Foxp3, CTLA-4 and GITR on mouse CD4^＋CD25^＋ T cells and the ratio of CD4^＋CD25^＋Foxp3^＋ Treg cells to CD4^＋ T cells were significantly decreased in the periphery of pig thymus-grafted nude mice suffering from AID, compared with healthy pig or mouse thymus-grafted nude mice. Furthermore, mouse CD4^＋CD25^＋ T cells in pig thymus-grafted nude mice suffering from AID showed more severe deficiency in immunosuppressive function compared with the counterpart in xenogeneic pig or syngeneic thymus-grafted nude mice without AID. Thus, the decreased frequency, altered phenotype and functional deficiency of mouse CD4^＋CD25^＋ Treg cells in pig thymus-grafted nude mice may contribute to the development of AID in this model.

Polarization and Apoptosis of T Cell Subsets in Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

It is well-known that idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura （ITP） is an acquired organ-specific autoimmune hemorrhagic disease and dysfunctional cellular immunity is considered important in the pathophysiology of ITP. However, polarization patterns and apoptosis profiles of T lymphocytes remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the polarization of T cell subsets, the expressions of apoptotic proteins Fas/FasL on the subsets and the level of anti-apoptotic gene bcl-2 and bax mRNA. It was demonstrated that the ratios of Thl/Th2 and Tcl/Tc2 in ITP children were increased obviously and that the average percentages were increased clearly for Thl and Th2, but not for Tcl and Tc2. In ITP children, the enhancing expressions were detected for FasL on Thl and Tcl and for Fas on Th2 and Tc2. With increasing level of bcl-2 mRNA and decreasing expression of bax mRNA in ITP children, the ratio of bcl-2/bax mRNA was improved obviously, which was positive correlated with the ratio of Thl/Th2. Taken together, our findings indicate that ITP is a Thl predominant disease. This polarization pattern of T cell subsets might be related to the high ratio of bcl-2/bax mRNA and the abnormal expressions of Fas and FasL on T cell subsets.

Achievement of Cellular Immunity and Discordant Xenogeneic Tolerance in Mice by Porcine Thymus Grafts

Specific cellular immune tolerance may be essential for successful xenotransplantation in humans.Thymecto- mized (ATX),T and NK cell-depleted immunocompetent mice grafted with xenogeneic fetal pig thymic and liver tissue (FP THY/LIV) result in efficient mouse thymopoiesis and peripheral repopulation of functional mouse CD4^+ T cell.Very importantly,the reconstituted mouse T cells are specifically tolerant to pig donor antigens.Studies demonstrated that porcine MHCs mediated positive and negative selection of mouse thymocytes in FP THY grafts,whereas mouse MHCs were involved in negative selection in grafts.Therefore,T cell tolerance to xenogeneic donor antigens could be induced by grafting donor thymus tissue.Xenogeneic thymic replacement might have a potential role in the reconstitution of cellular immunity in patients with AIDS or other immunodeficiencies caused by thymus dysfunction.Cellular & Molecular Immunology.2004;1(3): 173-179.

Clinical Study on Treatment of Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer by Arsenious Acid Combined with Tα-1 Thymus Peptide and Megestrol Acetate

Objective: To observe the therape utic effect of arsenious acid combined with Tα-1 thymus peptide and megestro l acetate on advanced non-small cell lung cancer.Methods: Nintey-two patients were divided randomly into the tr eated group( n =45) and the control group( n =47). The treated group were tr eated with arsenious acid combined with Tα-1 thymus peptide and megestrol ac etate, and the control group were treated with chemotherapy in the NP protocol .Results: (1) Therapeutic effect :In the 36 patients of the treated group, 2 were evaluated as CR, 8 as PR, 9 as MR, 8 as SD and 9 as PD, the CR+PR rate being 27.7% (10/36), while in the 40 patients of the control group, the co rresponding numbers were 3, 10, 11, 9, 7 and 32.5% (13/40). Comparison between t he CR+PR rate between the two groups showed insignificant difference ( P >0.05 ). (2)Clinical benefit rate: The positive rate of Karnofsky scores in the treate d group and the control group was 44.4% and 20.0% respectively; and the positive rate of body weight in the two groups was 33.3% and 12.5% respectively, the dif ference between the two groups was significant ( all P <0.05). (3)Changes of T- cell subsets and NK cell activity: CD4 and CD4/CD8 ratio after treatment i n the treated group increased significantly ( P <0.05), while in the control group, CD3, CD4, CD4/CD8 ratio and NK cell activity all lowered significantly ( P <0.01). Comparison between the two groups after treatment showed significa nt difference in CD4, CD4/CD8 ratio and NK cell activity, with those in the trea ted group all higher than those in the control group ( P <0.01). (4)Adeverse -reaction: No serious adverse reaction was found in both two groups. (5)Media n survival period:The treated group was 30 weeks and that in the control group w as 28.5 weeks, and the difference between the two groups was insignificant ( P >0.05).Conclusion: Arsenious acid combined with Tα-1 thymus peptide and megestrol acetate was a relatively effective scheme with low toxicity in tre ating advanced NSCLC.

The Effect of BCG-PSN on T-cell Subsets and Cytokines in Vernal Conjunctivitis

The effects of BCG PSN on T cell subsets and cytokines in vernal conjunctivitis were observed. The level of total IgE was quantitatively determined before and after treatment with BCG PSN by allergen diagnostic instrument in vitro . The content of T cell subsets of peripheral blood and cytokine were determined by using indirect immune fluorescence method, and IL 4 and INF γ were quantified by ELISA. The results showed that the level of total IgE was substantially reduced ( P <0.01) after treatment in the BCG PSN group. Meanwhile, CD + 8 was decreased, CD + 4 and CD + 4/CD + 8 ratio elevated with significant differences ( P <0.05) as compared with pre treatment results. The changes in total IgE, CD + 8 ,CD + 4 and CD + 4/CD + 8 ratio after treatment also presented significant differences ( P <0.05) between BCG PSN group and routine treatment group. The level of IL 4 in serum declined ( P <0.05) after treatment in the BCG PSN group, and INF γ went up ( P <0 05). IL 4 and INF γ in serum showed significant differences ( P <0.05) between two groups after treatment. It is concluded that BCG PSN has a bi directional immunoregulating effect. It can bring CD + 4 and CD + 8 into homeostasis, thereby preventing the occurrence of anaphylaxis. At the same time, BCG PSN can restrain Th 2, decrease the synthesis of IL 4, switch the balance of Th l/Th 2 to Th 1 side, boost up the predominance of Th 1 relatively, which is propitious to perennial stabilization and recovery of vernal conjunctivitis.

Distribution of natural killer cells and T-lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood,gallbladder cancer and surrounding tissue

BACKGROUND: The patient with malignant tumor always show immunologic function drawback and ingravescent with tumor development, especially in the aspect of cell-mediated immunity. This study was undertaken to define the relationship between the immune function of local cells and cancer development by investigating the distribution of natural killer (NK) cells and T-lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood, the cancer tissue and the tissue surrounding gallbladder carcinoma. METHODS: The numbers of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-lymphocytes and NK cells were measured by flow cytometry in samples taken from gallbladder cancer tissue, the surrounding tissues and peripheral blood of 38 patients, and compared with the numbers in the peripheral blood and gallbladder tissue of 30 patients with cholecystitis as controls. RESULTS: The numbers of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cells and NK cells in gallbladder cancer tissues were significantly higher than those in the surrounding tissue and gallbladder with gallstone. However, the ratio of CD4(+)/CD8(+) was lower in the cancer tissue than that in the surrounding tissue and tissue from gallbladders with gallstones. The distribution of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cells and NK cells in mucous membrane of cholecystitis gallbladder and that in the tissue surrounding gallbladder cancer were significantly different. CONCLUSIONS: Disproportionate and imbalanced distribution of NK cells and subsets of T-lymphocytes occurs in the mucous membrane proper of gallbladder cancer and surrounding tissue. Although gallbladder cancer tissue has higher expressions of CD4(+), CD8(+) and NK cells, the immune function is low or in an inhibited state. In gallbladder cancer immunization therapy, local cellular immunological function should be enhanced and the protective barrier improved.

Effects of Intraoperative Administration of Dexmedetomidine on the Percentage of T-Lymphocyte Subsets and Natural Killer Cells in Patients with Colorectal Cancer

Study Objective: To observe the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on T-lymphocyte subsets and natural killer (NK) cells in the peripheral blood of perioperative patients with colorectal cancer. Design: A random double-blind control clinical study. Setting: A university hospital. Patients: Forty patients with colorectal cancer, ASA I-П. Interventions: All patients were randomly divided into a DEX group (n = 20) and a control group (n = 20). Before induction of anesthesia, epidural catheters were placed in the L1-L2 or T12-L1 intervertebral spaces. The DEX group received 1 μg/kg of DEX (200 μg/50 ml) intravenously for 15 min prior to the surgery, which was then infused at a rate of 0.5 μg/kg/h until 30 min before the end of the surgery. The control group received an intravenous infusion of saline (50 ml) instead of DEX during the same periods as the DEX group. All patients received routine anesthesia and postoperative analgesia. Measurements: Blood samples from all patients were collected at the following time points: before anesthesia (T0), 24 h after surgery (T1), 48 h after surgery (T2) and 72 h after surgery (T3). Changes in T-lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+) and NK cells were determined by flow cytometry. Main Results: Compared with the control group, the percentages of CD3+ and CD4+ cells and the CD4+/CD8+ ratio in the DEX group increased significantly from T1 to T3

Relationship of serum neurotransmitters with anxiety depression, T lymphocyte subsets and NK cells in patients with lung cancer chemotherapy

Objective:To study the relationship of serum neurotransmitters with anxiety depression, T lymphocyte subsets and NK cells in patients with lung cancer chemotherapy.Methods: 56 cases of patients with advanced lung cancer who received chemotherapy in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College between July 2013 and August 2016 were collected as observation group, and 50 healthy subjects who received physical examination in our hospital during the same period were selected as normal control group. Serum neurotransmitter, negative emotions and immune index levels were compared between the two groups of subjects. Pearson test was used to evaluate the relationship of serum neurotransmitter contents with negative emotions and immune index levels in patients with lung cancer chemotherapy. Results: Serum neurotransmitters DA, 5-HT and NE contents in observation group were lower than those in normal control group;SAS and SDS scores were higher than those of normal control group;peripheral blood CD4+T lymphocyte level, CD4+/CD8+ ratio and NK cell level were lower than those in normal control group while CD8+ T lymphocyte level was higher than that in normal control group. Pearson test showed that serum neurotransmitters DA, 5-HT and NE contents in patients with lung cancer chemotherapy were directly correlated with anxiety depression, T lymphocyte subset and NK cell levels.Conclusion: Serum neurotransmitter expression decrease in patients with lung cancer chemotherapy, and this is one of the important causes of anxiety depression and immune dysfunction in patients.

Study on T lymphocyte subsets and NK cells in patients with Graves' disease combined with type 2 diabetes

Objective To investigate changes in T lymphocyte subsets and NK cells in patients with simple Graves’ disease(GD)and Graves’ disease combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus(GD/T2DM).Methods Fifteen cases of GD/T2DM were selected from our hospital from November 2001 to November 2004.Before and after therapy thyroid function,thyroglobulin antibody(TGA),thyroid microsomal antibody(TMA)and blood glucose level were measured,and T lymphocyte subsets(CD3,CD4,CD8,CD4/CD8)and NK cells(CD56)were measured by immunofluorescence double labeling monoclonal antibody and flow cytometry,respectively.At the same time,comparison was made with simple GD(15 cases),T2DM(15 cases)and healthy control(20 cases).Results Before therapy,CD4/CD8,CD4 and NK cells in GD/T2DM were less than normal,and there was no significant difference in comparison with simple GD(P<0.05).In T2DM group,only CD4/CD8 and CD4 were less than those of healthy controls(P<0.05).When thyroid function recovered after 1 to 3 months of methimazole treatment in both GD/T2DM and simple GD groups,various indexes recovered,which were more obvious in simple GD.Conclusion Immune hypofunction of GD may be the key to the immune abnormality of GD/T2DM,which is more significant than that of simple GD or T2DM.The recovery of thyroid function and immune abnormality is not consistent,and the recovery of GD is more significant than that of GD/T2DM.

Detection of lymphocyte subsets and regulatory T cells in peripheral blood of patients with acute leukemia and its clinical significance

Objective To study the changes of lymphocyte subsets and regulatory T cells in peripheral blood of patients with acute leukemia(AL) and its clinical significance.Methods The different levels of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets and regulatory T cells of 60 AL patients and 40 normal controls were detected with flow cytometry.Results Compared with the normal controls,the percentages of CD3+ T cells,CD4+ T cells,CD16+CD56+ NK cells and the ratio of CD4+ /CD8+ obviously decreased in newly diagnosed AL group(P <0.05),while their percentages of CD8+ T cells and CD19+ B cells significantly increased(P <0.01).The percentage of CD4+ T cells and the ratio of CD4+ /CD8+ in acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL) group were much lower than those in acute myelogenous leukemia(AML) group(P <0.01).Compared with these in control group,the proportions of CD4+ CD25high Treg cells and CD4+ CD25+ T cells in newly diagnosed AL group were significantly increased(P <0.01).Conclusion Cellular immune function is significantly abnormal in patients with AL.Compared with AML patients,ALL patients had poorer cellular immune function.The increased CD4 + CD25high Treg cells might be one of the important reasons of immunosuppression in AL.Detection of lymphocyte subsets and regulatory T cells is of clinical value on the evaluation of therapeutic effect and prognosis in AL patients.

Effects of combined treatment of bronchial arterial chemoembolization and radioactive particle implantation on tumor markers and T lymphocyte subsets in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer

Objective: To investigate the effects of bronchial arterial chemoembolization combined with radioactive particle implantation on the level of serum tumor markers and T lymphocyte subsets in patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Methods: A total of 91 cases of locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients according to the random data table were divided into the control group (n=45) and observation group (n=46) according to the random data table. Patients in the control group was treated with bronchial arterial chemoembolization, on the basis of the control group, patients in the observation group were treated with radioactive particle implantation, the serum tumor markers and T lymphocyte subsets of the two groups were compared before and after treatment. Results: The levels of CEA, NSE, CA125, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+ and NK in the two groups before the treatment were not statistically significant. Compared with the group before treatment, levels of CEA, NSE, CA125and CD8+ of the two groups after treatment were significantly decreased, and after treatment the level of CEA, NSE, CA125and CD8+ in the observation group was significantly lower than those of the control group;The levels of CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ and NK in the two groups after treatment were significantly higher than those in the group before treatment, and the observation group levels were significantly higher than those of the control group. Conclusion: Bronchial artery embolization combined with radioactive particle implantation for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer, can effectively reduce the serum tumor markers level, improve the level of T cell subsets of patients, has important clinical value.

Expression of Snail in bladder urothelial carcinoma and its relationship with E-cadherin and a subset of T cell groups

Objective To investigate the expression of Snail in bladder urothelial carcinoma and evaluate its relationship with E-cadherin and a subset of T cell groups. Methods Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of Snail and E-cadherin proteins in tissue

Advanced Glycation End Products Promote Differentiation of CD4^+ T Helper Cells toward Pro-inflammatory Response

This study investigated the effect of advanced glycation end products（AGEs） on differentiation of na ve CD4＋T cells and the role of the receptor of AGEs（RAGE） and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors（PPARs） activity in the process in order to gain insight into the mechanism of immunological disorders in diabetes. AGEs were prepared by the reaction of bovine serum albumin（BSA） with glucose. Human na ve CD4＋T cells, enriched from blood of healthy adult volunteers with negative selection assay, were cultured in vitro and treated with various agents including AGEs, BSA, high glucose, PGJ2 and PD68235 for indicated time. In short hairpin（sh） RNA knock-down experiment, na ve CD4＋T cells were transduced with media containing shRNA-lentivirus generated from lentiviral packaging cell line, Lent-XTM293 T cells. Surface and intracellular cytokine stainings were used for examination of CD4＋T cell phenotypes, and real-time PCR and Western blotting for detection of transcription factor mRNA and protein expression, respectively. The suppressive function of regulatory T（Treg） cells was determined by a [3H]-thymidine incorporation assay. The results showed that AGEs induced higher pro-inflammatory Th1/Th17 cells differentiated from na ve CD4＋T cells than the controls, whereas did not affect anti-inflammatory Treg cells. However, AGEs eliminated suppressive function of Treg cells. In addition, AGEs increased RAGE mRNA expression in na ve CD4＋T cells, and RAGE knock-down by shRNA eliminated the effect of AGEs on the differentiation of CD4＋T cells and the reduction of suppressive function of Treg cells. Furthermore, AGEs inhibited the mRNA expression of PPARγ, not PPARα; PPARγ agonist, PGJ2, inhibited the effect of AGEs on na ve CD4＋T cell differentiation and reversed the AGE-reduced suppressive function of Treg cells; on the other hand, PPARγ antagonist, PD68235, attenuated the blocking effect of RAGE shRNA on the role of AGEs. It was concluded that AGEs may promote CD4＋T cells development toward pro-inflammatory state, which is associated with increased RAGE mRNA expression and reduced PPARγ activity. ＋

Immunohistochem ical Study of T Lym phocyte Subsets onFrozen Substituted Plastic Em bedding Section of the BoneMarrow from Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndrom e andIts ClinicalIm plication

An immunohistochemical study of T lymphocyte subsets on frozen substituted plastic embedding bone marrow sections obtained from 10 patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) was presented. The results of qualitative and quantitative immunohistochemical analysis are as follows: (1) Labile antigens of T lymphocytes were well preserved, thus allowing analysis of distribution of T lymphocyte subsets in situ ; (2) the average number of T 3, T 4 and T 8 lymphocyte of the diffuse infiltrate was about 2 %, 0.4 %, 0.5 %, respectively, of all nucleated cells in bone marrow, and T 4/T 8 of T cells were below 1.0 in patients with MDS; (3) there were cases of RAS showing T lymphocyte aggregation in bone marrow, but no patient exhibited progressive refractory anemia with excess of blasts(RAEB) and RAEB in transformation (RAEBT). These findings indicated that the immunological abnormalities are of importance in the evaluation of pathogenesis and prognosis of MDS.