The Role of Mitochondrial VDAC2 in the Survival and Proliferation of T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells

Background: T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive hematological malignancy with aberrant T-cell developmental arrest. Individuals with relapsed T-ALL have limited therapeutic alternatives and poor prognosis. The mitochondrial function is critical for the T-cell viability. The voltage-dependent anion channel 2 (VDAC2) in the mitochondrial outer membrane, interacts with pro-apoptotic BCL-2 proteins and mediates the apoptosis of several cancer cell lines. Objective: The aim of the current study is to explore the role of VDAC2 in T-ALL cell survival and proliferation. Methods: Publicly available datasets of RNA-seq results were analyzed for expression of VDAC isoforms and T-ALL cell lines were treated with a VDAC2 small molecular inhibitor erastin. A VDAC2 RNA interference (siRNA) was delivered to T-ALL cell lines using a retroviral vector. Functional assays were performed to investigate the VDAC2 siRNA impacts on cell proliferation, apoptosis and survival of T-ALL cells. Results: Our analysis found a high expression of VDAC2 mRNA in various T-ALL cell lines. Public datasets of T-ALL RNA-seq also showed that VDAC2 is highly expressed in T-ALL (116.2 ± 36.7), compared to control groups. Only two T-ALL cell lines showed sensitivity to erastin (20 μM) after 48 hours of incubation, including Jurkat (IC50 = 3.943 μM) and Molt4 (IC50 = 3.286 μM), while another two T-ALL cells (CUTLL1 and RPMI 8402) had unstable IC50. However, five T-ALL cell lines (LOUCY, CCRF-CEM, P12-ICHI, HPB-ALL, and PEER cells) showed resistance to erastin. On the contrary, all T-ALL cell lines genetically inhibited with VDAC2 siRNA led to more than 80% decrease in VDAC2 mRNA levels, and a Conclusion: VDAC2 is highly expressed in T-ALL cells. The inhibition of VDAC2 significantly decreased cell viability, increased apoptosis, reduced cell proliferation and caused cell cycle sub-G1 arrest of T-ALL cells.

Post-Therapy Profile of BMI-for-Age of Indian Survivors of Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Background: Obesity in pediatric ALL survivors is a well recognized late effect. Hence the present study examines the BMI-for-age of Indian childhood ALL and NHL survivors. Method: A retrospective study of 118 ALL/NHL survivors and 138 age sex matched was carried out. From the recorded heights and weights were body mass index (BMI) was computed. The survivor data was compared with 138 controls from the data set collected by investigators previously. Results: 82.8% of patients had BMI-for-age in 5th-84th percentile (healthy) at time of diagnosis and at inclusion in the study. Comparison of BMI of survivors with matched controls was not significant. However, The mean BMI-for-age for younger patients (3 to 12 years) was significantly higher than mean BMI-for-age of matched controls. Distribution of data by time elapsed from therapy was significant. Overweight/obesity was observed among the survivors who were off therapy for two years with increase in after four years post-therapy. Conclusion: Our preliminary study indicates late effects of therapy and points to the need of long term assessment of the survivors, even though majority of them were within the normal weight range.

Graft vs host disease impacts overall survival post allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma

AIM To examine the outcome and prognostic factors for high risk patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma(ALL/LBL) who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HCT) at our center during the period of2010-2017 METHODS After due institutional review board approval, patients with high risk ALL/LBL post HCT were identified and included. All records were retrospectively collected. Time to event analysis was calculated from the date of HCT until event of interest or last follow up with Kaplan-Meir means. Cox regression model was used for multivariable analysis calculation.RESULTS A total of 69 patients were enrolled and examined with a median age of 21(14-61). After a median follow up of 15 mo(2-87.3), the 2-year cumulative incidence of relapse, cumulative incidence of non-relapse mortality, progression free survival and overall survival(OS) were 34.1%, 10.9%, 54.9% and 62.8%,respectively. In a multivariable analysis for OS; acute graft vs host disease(GVHD) and chronic GVHD were significant with corresponding hazard ratio 4.9(1.99-12; P = 0.0007) and 0.29(0.1-0.67; P = 0.0044), respectively.CONCLUSION Allogeneic-HCT for high risk ALL/LBL resulted in promising remissions particularly for patients with cGVHD.

Donor-Derived CD19-Targeted T Cell Infusion Eliminates B Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Minimal Residual Disease with No Response to Donor Lymphocytes after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Leukemia relapse is still the leading cause of treatment failure after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) for B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). Relapsed patients with BALL after allo-HSCT have a very short median survival. Minimal residual disease (MRD) is predictive of forthcoming hematological relapse after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT);furthermore, eliminating MRD effectively prevents relapse. Donor lymphoblastic infusion (DLI) is the main established approach to treat B-ALL with MRD after allo-HSCT. However, about one-third of patients with MRD are non-responsive to DLI and their prognosis worsens. Although donor-derived cluster of differentiation (CD)19-directed chimeric antigen receptor-modified (CAR) T cells (CART19s) can potentially cure leukemia, the efficiency and safety of infusions with these cells have not yet been investigated in patients with MRD after HSCT. Between September 2014 and February 2018, six patients each received one or more infusions of CART19s from HSCT donors. Five (83.33%) achieved MRD-negative remission, and one case was not responsive to the administration of CAR T cells. Three of the six patients are currently alive without leukemia. No patient developed acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD), and no patient died of cytokine release syndrome. Donor-derived CAR T cell infusions seem to be an effective and safe intervention for patients with MRD in B-ALL after allo-HSCT and for those who were not responsive to DLI.

Resveratrol Induces Apoptosis and Autophagy in T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells by Inhibiting Akt/mTOR and Activating p38-MAPK

Objective To explore the effects of resveratrol-induced apoptosis and autophagy in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia （T-ALL） cells and potential molecular mechanisms. Methods The anti-proliferation effect of resveratrol-induced, apoptosis and autophagy on T-ALL cells were detected by using MTI- test, immunofluorescence, electronic microscope, and flow cytometry, respectively. Western blotting was performed for detecting changes of apoptosis-associated proteins, cell cycle regulatory proteins and state of activation of Akt, mTOR, p70S6K, 4E-BP1, and p38-MAPK. Results Resveratrol inhibited the proliferation and dose and time-dependent manner. It also induced cyclin-dependent kinase （CDK） inhibitors p21 and induced apoptosis and autophagy in T-ALL cells in a cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase via up regulating p27 and down regulating cyclin A and cyclin D1. Western blotting revealed that resveratrol significantly decreased the expression of antiapoptotic proteins （Mcl-1 and Bcl-2） and increased the expression of proapoptotic proteins （Bax, Bim, and Bad）, and induced cleaved-caspase-3 in a time-dependent manner. Significant increase in ratio of LC3-11/LC3-1 and Beclin 1 was also detected. Furthermore, resveratrol induced significant dephosphorylation of Akt, mTOR, p70S6K, and 4E-BP1, but enhanced specific phosphorylation of p38-MAPK which could be blocked by SB203580. When autophagy was suppressed by 3-MA, apoptosis in T-ALL cells induced by resveratrol was enhanced. Conclusion Our findings have suggested that resveratrol induces cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy in T-ALL cells through inhibiting Akt/mTOR/p7OS6K/4E-BP1 and activating p38-MAPK signaling pathways. Autophagy might play a role as a self-defense mechanism in T-ALL cells treated by resveratrol. Therefore, the reasonable inhibition of autophagy in T-ALL cells may serve as a promising strategy for resveratrol induced apoptosis and can be used as adjuvant chemotherapy for T-ALL.

Establishment of Reproducible Xenotransplantation Model of T Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in NOD/SCID Mice

T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia(T-ALL) is an aggressive leukemia.However the poor prognosis and low morbidity restrict further analysis of the disease.Therefore there is an increasing demand to develop animal models for identifying novel therapeutic approaches.In this study,we inoculated the anti-mouse CD122 monoclonal antibody conditioned NOD/SCID mice with the leukemia cells from 9 T-ALL patients and 1 cell line via the tail vein.Four of the 9 patients and the cell line were successfully engrafted.Flow cytometry detected high percentage of human CD45 + cells in recipient mice.Immunohistochemistry showed infiltration of human CD45 + cells in different organs.Serial transplantation was also achieved.In vivo drug treatment showed that dexamethasone could extend survival,which was consistent with clinical observation.These results demonstrated that we successfully established 5 xenotransplantation models of T-ALL in anti-mCD122 mAb conditioned NOD/SCID mice,which recapitulated the characteristics of original disease.

A facile,branched DNA assay to quantitatively measure glucocorticoid receptor auto-regulation in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Glucocorticoid(GC) steroid hormones are used to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL) because of their pro-apoptotic effects in hematopoietic cells.However,not all leukemia cells are sensitive to GC,and no assay to stratify patients is available.In the GC-sensitive T-cell ALL cell line CEM-C7,auto-up-regulation of RNA transcripts for the glucocorticoid receptor(GR) correlates with increased apoptotic response.This study aimed to determine if a facile assay of GR transcript levels might be promising for stratifying ALL patients into hormone-sensitive and hormone-resistant populations.The GR transcript profiles of various lymphoid cell lines and 4 bone marrow samples from patients with T-cell ALL were analyzed using both an optimized branched DNA(bDNA) assay and a real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay.There were significant correlations between both assay platforms when measuring total GR(exon 5/6) transcripts in various cell lines and patient samples,but not for a probe set that detects a specific,low abundance GR transcript(exon 1A3).Our results suggest that the bDNA platform is reproducible and precise when measuring total GR transcripts and,with further development,may ultimately offer a simple clinical assay to aid in the prediction of GC-sensitivity in ALL patients.

ATP binding cassette C1 (ABCC1/MRP1)-mediated drug efflux contributes to disease progression in T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Purpose: In acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), multidrug resistance is often mediated by AT- Pase Binding Cassette (ABC) proteins, which principally involve ABCC1 (multidrug resistance protein 1, MRP1) and ABCB1 (multidrug resistance 1, MDR1). However, direct comparisons between the differential effects of ABCC1 and ABCB1 have been difficult, since identical cell lines with differential expression of these transporters have not been developed. Experimental Design: In this study, we developed and compared the biological profiles of Jurkat cell lines that selectively over-expressed ABCC1 and ABCB1. Vincristine (VCR) plays an important role in the treatment of T-lineage ALL (T-ALL), and is often the first drug given to newly-diagnosed patients. Because of its importance in treatment, we provide descalating, sub-lethal doses of VCR to Jurkat cells, and extended our observations to expression profiling of newly diagnosed patients with T-ALL. Results: We found that VCR-resistant cells over-expressed ABCC1 nearly 30-fold. The calcein AM assay confirmed that VCR-resistant cells actively extruded VCR, and that ABCC1-mediated drug resistance conferred a different spectrum of multidrug resistance than other T-ALL induction agents. siRNA experiments that blocked ABCC1 export confirmed that VCR resistance could be reversed in vitro. Analyses of T-lymphoblasts obtained from 100 newly diagnosed T-ALL patients treated on Children’s Oncology Group Phase III studies 9404 and AALL0434 that induction failure could be could be partially explained by the over-expression of ABCC1 and ABCB1. Conclusions: Taken together, these results suggest that over-expression of ABC transporters plays a contributing role in mediating treatment failure in T-ALL, and underscore the need to employ alternate treatment approaches in patients for whom induction failed or for those with relapsed disease.

Rearranged Patterns of IgH and TcRγ Genes in Patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

The rearrangement of immunoglobulin heavy chain gene(IgH) and T cell receptor γgene (ToRγ)was studied in 30 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL) by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 19 cases was found to have rearrangement of IgH gene,12 of TcRγ. Most of IgH rearrangement was characterized by one or two specific bands while some had more than two. Rearrangement of TcRγgene appeared as one specific band. A slight difference in number, size and lightness of bands was found among the patients. 4 different kinds of rearrangement were observed in the detection of IgH rearrangement in combination with TcRγgene. The rearranged patterns of IgH and TcRγgene as well as the clinical significance were discussed.

儿童急性早幼粒细胞白血病治疗后继发T淋巴母细胞淋巴瘤1例临床报告

目的总结急性白血病治疗后继发非霍奇金淋巴瘤患儿的临床诊治过程,探讨疾病相关机理。方法回顾性分析1例急性早幼粒细胞白血病(APL)治疗后继发T淋巴母细胞淋巴瘤(T-LBL)患儿的临床资料,并检索急性白血病治疗后继发非霍奇金淋巴瘤的文献报告进行总结。结果患儿,男,10岁,因“间断发热”起病,确诊APL后,在治疗过程中出现骨髓复燃,调整治疗方案后达完全缓解,然而在结束白血病治疗后因淋巴结肿大诊断为T-LBL,经规范化疗再次得以缓解。检索近10年文献,急性白血病治疗后继发非霍奇金淋巴瘤共报告9例,均为成人病例,其中6例患者至报告时均为无病生存状态。结论急性白血病治疗后继发非霍奇金淋巴瘤的发生率低、预后较好。此外,对肿瘤性疾病化疗后的患者,需注意继发性肿瘤的发生,应用先进检测技术可提高对继发性肿瘤致病机制的认知。

儿童CD19 CAR-T细胞治疗相关B细胞再生障碍的临床意义和对策

急性B系淋巴细胞白血病(B-ALL)患儿在CD 19 CAR-T细胞治疗后普遍发生B细胞再生障碍(BCA),BCA持续的时间长短对患者的免疫状态及预后会产生影响。对BCA的充分认识有助于临床医师科学、规范、合理地选择治疗策略,减少CAR-T治疗后白血病患儿的感染机会,提高生活质量,改善预后。

多中心成人早期前体T细胞白血病/淋巴瘤的临床特征及预后研究

目的:对3个血液学中心的成人早期前体T细胞白血病/淋巴瘤(ETP-ALL/LBL)患者进行回顾性分析,总结其临床特点、治疗及预后影响因素。方法:收集2006年1月至2019年1月来自北京大学第三医院、解放军第一医学中心和中国医学科学院血液学研究所3个血液研究中心共113例T淋巴母细胞白血病/淋巴瘤(T-ALL/LBL)患者的临床数据资料,对其中ETP-ALL/LBL及非ETP-ALL/LBL患者的临床特征及预后进行分析比较。结果:113例T-ALL/LBL患者中,13例诊断为ETP-ALL/LBL(11.5%),其中男性患者11例(84.6%),中位年龄28(18-53)岁。与非ETP-ALL/LBL患者相比,ETP-ALL/LBL患者在年龄、性别、纵隔大包块发生率、临床分期、IPI评分、白细胞水平、乳酸脱氢酶水平方面差异无统计学意义。在13例ETP-ALL/LBL患者中,9例(69.2%)获得完全缓解,ETP-ALL/LBL患者较非ETP-ALL/LBL患者化疗诱导缓解率无统计学差异。在单纯化疗未进行异基因造血干细胞移植的患者中,ETP-ALL/LBL组较非ETP-ALL/LBL组显示出更差的5年生存率(0 vs 7.1%,P=0.008),而在进行异基因造血干细胞移植的患者中,两组5年生存率无统计学差异(37.5%vs 40.2%,P>0.05)。多因素Cox回归分析提示,诱导治疗达到完全缓解、异基因造血干细胞移植以及乳酸脱氢酶水平为影响T-ALL/LBL的独立预后因素。结论:ETP-ALL/LBL较其他类型T-ALL/LBL患者诱导化疗反应率无显著差异,诱导缓解后续贯异基因造血干细胞移植巩固治疗对于提高ETP-ALL/LBL患者远期生存率具有重要意义。

儿童急性T淋巴细胞白血病的临床特征及预后——福建地区多中心数据分析

目的:评估儿童急性T淋巴细胞白血病(T-ALL)的疗效,并探讨影响预后的危险因素。方法:回顾性分析2011年4月至2020年12月福建地区5家医院收治的127例初诊T-ALL患儿的临床资料,与同期急性前体B淋巴细胞白血病(B-ALL)患儿相比较,并采用Kaplan-Meier法分析评估患儿总生存率(OS)和无事件生存率(EFS),COX比例风险回归模型分析预后影响因素。116例规范治疗的T-ALL患儿中,78例接受CCLG-ALL 2008方案治疗,38例接受CCCG-ALL 2015方案治疗,对比两组的疗效及严重不良事件发生率。结果:T-ALL患儿中男性、年龄≥10岁、初诊白细胞数≥50×10^(9)/L、合并中枢神经系统白血病、诱导治疗中微小残留病≥1%、诱导结束时微小残留病≥0.01%的患儿比例均显著高于B-ALL患儿(P<0.05)。T-ALL患儿预期10年EFS及OS分别为59.7%和66.0%,均显著低于B-ALL患儿(P<0.001)。COX分析显示,初诊白细胞数≥100×10^(9)/L、诱导结束时未达完全缓解是更差预后的独立危险因素。CCCG-ALL 2015组与CCLG-ALL 2008组相比,感染相关严重不良事件发生率更低(15.8%vs 34.6%,P=0.042),而EFS及OS更高(73.9%vs 57.2%,PEFS=0.090;86.5%vs 62.3%,POS=0.023)。结论:T-ALL较B-ALL预后差,初诊白细胞数≥100×10^(9)/L、诱导结束时未达完全缓解(尤其是纵隔肿物未消失)为其预后不良危险因素。CCCG-ALL 2015方案可能降低感染相关严重不良事件发生率并提高疗效。

儿童T淋巴母细胞淋巴瘤采用白血病方案治疗的预后分析

目的探讨儿童T淋巴母细胞淋巴瘤(T-lymphoblastic lymphoma,T-LBL)采用急性淋巴细胞白血病(autelymphoblasticleukemia,ALL)方案治疗的预后及相关影响因素。方法回顾性总结2010年5月—2022年5月收治的29例T-LBL患儿采用同期ALL方案(ALL-2009方案或CCCG-ALL-2015方案)治疗的预后特点。结果29例T-LBL患儿5年总生存(overall survival rate,OS)率及无事件生存(event-free survival,EFS)率分别为(84±7)%、(81±8)%。初诊时全身症状有B症状(不明原因发热>38℃,连续3d以上;盗汗;体重在6个月内下降大于10%)的患儿5年EFS率低于无B症状患儿(P<0.05)。初诊时血小板计数>400×10^(9)/L、同时累及纵隔和淋巴结的患儿5年OS率较低(P<0.05)。CCCG-ALL-2015方案和ALL-2009方案的5年OS率及EFS率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。CCCG-ALL-2015方案相较于ALL-2009方案减少大剂量氨甲蝶呤化疗次数,降低重症感染率(P<0.05)。结论儿童T-LBL采用ALL方案治疗安全有效;初诊时全身症状有B症状、血小板计数>400×10^(9)/L、同时累及纵隔和淋巴结的患儿预后较差;减少大剂量氨甲蝶呤化疗次数能够降低重症感染率,但不影响预后。

白藜芦醇抑制Notch1信号通路对抗小鼠急性T淋巴细胞白血病

目的:观察白藜芦醇(Res)对急性T淋巴细胞白血病(T-ALL)小鼠的影响,并进一步探讨其对Notch1信号通路的作用机制。方法:将25只6-8周龄雌性C57BL/6小鼠随机分为正常对照组、T-ALL组和Res组,其中Res组又进一步分为low-Res(L-Res)、middle-Res(M-Res)和high-Res(H-Res)3个浓度给药组。应用流式细胞术和瑞氏-吉姆萨染色法检测外周血及脾细胞悬液中白血病细胞百分比,HE染色法观察脾脏和骨髓组织病理形态,RT-q PCR法检测脾脏组织中Notch1、Hes-1、c-Myc、mi R-19b和PTEN m RNA表达水平,Western blot法检测Notch1、Hes-1、c-Myc、p-PTEN和PTEN蛋白表达水平。结果:与对照组相比,T-ALL组小鼠外周血中白血病细胞明显增多,脾脏及骨髓组织中白血病细胞弥漫性浸润,脾脏中Notch1、Hes-1、c-Myc、mi R-19b m RNA表达水平和Notch1、Hes-1、c-Myc蛋白表达水平均明显增高(P<0.01),PTEN m RNA及其蛋白水平显著降低(P<0.01),经白藜芦醇处理后,H-Res组以上各项指标较T-ALL组均获得逆转。结论:白藜芦醇具有抗小鼠T-ALL的作用,其机制可能通过抑制Notch1信号通路发挥作用。

CD19/CD22 CAR-T细胞治疗MLL基因重排阳性难治/复发儿童急性B系淋巴细胞白血病临床分析

目的 分析双靶点CD19/CD22嵌合抗原受体T(CAR-T)细胞治疗混合谱系白血病基因重排(MLL-r)阳性难治/复发急性B系淋巴细胞白血病(R/R B-ALL)患儿的有效性及安全性。方法 回顾性分析2019年10月至2021年11月接受双靶点CD19/CD22 CAR-T治疗的MLL-r阳性R/R B-ALL患儿的临床资料。结果 共纳入37例MLL-r阳性R/R B-ALL患儿,男24例、女13例,诊断时中位年龄1.2(0.5~2.6)岁,其中17例(45.9%)为婴儿白血病。CAR-T细胞输注后中位时间9(7~13)天,37例患儿的完全缓解率达100%。中位随访时间28.2(11.3~30.9)个月,3年总体生存(OS)率为67.6%(95%CI:52.5%~82.7%),3年无事件生存率为59.5%(95%CI:43.6%~75.4%)。75.7%(28/37)的患者在CAR-T细胞治疗后接受过异基因造血干细胞移植,移植距离CAR-T细胞输注的中位时间为83(61~92)天。接受巩固性移植与未接受患儿的2年OS分别为75.0%(95%CI:58.9~91.1%)与44.4%(95%CI:11.9%~76.9%),差异无统计学意义(P=0.068)。35.1%(13/37)的患儿复发,中位复发时间为156(86~202)天,其中4例为CD19、CD22双阳性复发,2例CD19、CD22双阴性复发,4例单纯CD19阴性复发,1例淋系向髓系转化,另2例不明确。97.3%(36/37)患儿发生了细胞因子释放综合征,11例(29.7%)达到了3~4级,5例(13.5%)患儿出现了免疫效应细胞相关神经毒性综合征;无CAR-T细胞治疗合并症导致的死亡。结论 CD19/CD22 CAR-T细胞治疗可有效诱导MLL-r阳性儿童R/R B-ALL获得快速缓解,且不良反应可耐受。

儿童T淋巴母细胞淋巴瘤35例临床分析

目的探讨儿童T淋巴母细胞淋巴瘤(T-LBL)的临床特征及预后。方法回顾性分析2014年8月至2022年2月郑州大学第一附属医院收治的35例T-LBL患儿的临床资料,依据性别、有无发热、盗汗、体重减轻的全身症状(B症状)、有无胸腔积液、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)水平、临床分期、是否复发进行分组,采用Kaplan-Meier法计算无事件生存(EFS)率和总生存(OS)率,应用log-rank检验比较不同组间生存差异。结果35例T-LBL患儿中男24例(68.6%),女11例(31.4%),诊断时中位年龄9(7,11)岁,骨髓受累7例(20.0%),中枢神经系统浸润2例(5.7%),Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ期患儿分别为1例(2.9%)、25例(71.4%)、9例(25.7%)。TdT、CD99、CD3、CD7阳性率分别为91.4%、100.0%、94.2%、100.0%,不同程度表达CD20、CD34、CD10、CD21、CD30。35例患儿3年OS率、EFS率分别为85.6%和74.4%。单因素分析显示,性别、LDH水平、复发是3年OS率的影响因素(P<0.05)。7例复发患儿的复发中位时间为10.9(5.0,28.0)个月,复发患儿3年OS率为38.1%。结论T-LBL是一种侵袭性高、预后差的恶性肿瘤,女性患儿、高LDH、复发可能提示患儿预后不良。

Tfh/Tfr细胞免疫平衡在血液恶性肿瘤中的研究进展

滤泡辅助性T细胞(Tfh)和滤泡调节性T细胞(Tfr)是新发现的具有相互拮抗作用的CD4^(+)T细胞亚群。在淋巴结生发中心发挥功能和体液免疫形成过程中,Tfh细胞辅助浆细胞的抗体生成,而Tfr细胞具有抑制Tfh细胞和B细胞功能。Tfh/Tfr细胞免疫平衡对维持生发中心的形成、诱导B细胞成熟及抗体的产生等具有十分重要的意义。Tfh/Tfr细胞平衡与自身免疫疾病、实体肿瘤及部分血液系统疾病的进展密切相关,而其在血液恶性肿瘤中的作用尚不清楚。该文就Tfh/Tfr细胞的免疫平衡紊乱在血液恶性肿瘤中的最新研究进展进行综述,为恶性血液肿瘤的发病机制和免疫治疗指明新的方向。

CAR-T细胞治疗老年急性B淋巴细胞白血病的临床研究

目的 探讨CAR-T细胞疗法治疗老年急性B淋巴细胞白血病(B-ALL)患者的安全性和有效性。方法 回顾性分析2020年5月—2022年12月苏州大学附属第一医院收治的接受CAR-T治疗的21例老年急性B淋巴细胞白血病患者的临床及随访资料,探讨CAR-T的有效性及安全性。结果 21例老年B-ALL患者CAR-T治疗后细胞因子释放综合征(cytokine release syndrome,CRS),中性粒细胞减少症和中性粒细胞缺乏症发生率分别为:38.1%(8/21),42.9%(9/21)和28.6%(6/21);与CAR-T回输前相比,CAR-T后一周白细胞绝对计数无显著差异,一个月后显著升高(P<0.001),中性粒细胞计数在CAR-T后一周和一个月均无显著差异(P>0.05),C反应蛋白在CAR-T后7天显著升高,30天后显著降低(-3 d vs 7 d,P=0.007;30 d vs 7 d,P=0.000 6);首次输注CAR-T后完全缓解率(complete remission,CR)为85.7%(18/21),中位随访时间为17个月;CAR-T后无进展生存率(progression-free survival,PFS)为81.0%,与性别、CAR-T细胞类型、费城染色体、高肿瘤负荷、桥接造血干细胞移植(HSCT)、治疗次数、LDH值以及血小板计数均无相关性(P>0.05),中位PFS为13个月;R/R B-ALL患者CAR-T治疗后CR率为75%(6/8),PFS率为67.5%,中位PFS时间为12个月;回输CAR-T后复发时间平均为10.2个月。结论 CAR-T细胞疗法用于治疗老年B-ALL患者具有较好的缓解率,为预后差的老年B-ALL患者提供有潜能的治疗手段。

儿童急性T淋巴细胞白血病预后影响因素分析——CCCG-ALL-2015方案单中心临床研究

目的探讨儿童急性T淋巴细胞白血病(acute T-lymphoblastic leukemia,T-ALL)患儿的临床特征,并分析其与预后的关系。方法回顾性分析2015年11月—2019年12月南京医科大学附属儿童医院血液肿瘤科采用CCCG-ALL-2015方案诊治的50例T-ALL患儿的临床资料及随访结果,运用Kaplan-Meier生存分析、Cox回归分析等方法分析患儿预后的影响因素。结果50例T-ALL患儿中,共复发7例。复发组和非复发组基本临床资料的比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。复发组诱导缓解治疗后第46天微小残留病(minimal residual disease,MRD)阳性率(≥0.01%)高于非复发组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.037)。50例患儿5年总体生存率为(87±5)%,5年无事件生存率为(86±5)%。多因素Cox回归分析显示诱导缓解治疗后第46天MRD水平是预后的独立影响因素(HR=0.104,95%CI:0.015~0.740,P=0.024)。结论MRD对T-ALL患儿的预后有重要意义,临床上需根据MRD水平提供个性化治疗,预防复发、改善预后。