Hysteretic behavior of special shaped columns composed of steel and reinforced concrete(SRC)

This paper describes a series of experimental investigations on seventeen specimens of steel reinforced concrete special shaped(SRCSS) columns under low cyclic reversed loading using parallel crosshead equipment. Nine T-shaped SRC columns, four L-shaped SRC columns and four +-shaped SRC columns were tested to examine the effects of shape steel confi guration, loading angle, axial compressive ratio and shear-span ratio on the behavior(strength, stiffness, energy dissipation, ductility, etc.) of SRCSS column specimens. The failure modes and hysteretic performance of all the specimens were obtained in the tests. Test results demonstrate that the shear-span ratio is the main parameter affecting the failure modes of SRCSS columns. The specimens with small shear-span ratio are prone to shear failure, and the primary failure planes in SRCSS columns are parallel to the loading direction. As a result, there is a symmetry between positive and negative loading directions in the hysteretic curves of the SRCSS columns. The majority of displacement ductility coeffi cients for all the specimens are over 3.0, so that the SRCSS columns demonstrate a better deformation capacity. In addition, the equivalent viscous damping coeffi cients of all the specimens are greater than 0.2, indicating that the seismic behavior of SRCSS columns is adequate. Finally, the superposition theory was used to calculate the limits of axial compressive ratio for the specimens, and it is found that the test axial compressive ratio is close to or smaller than the calculated axial compressive ratio limit.

Seismic strengthening of reinforced concrete columns damaged by rebar corrosion using combined CFRP and steel jacket

In order to study the effectiveness of combined carbon fiber-reinforced polymer （CFRP） sheets and steel jacket in strengthening the seismic performance of corrosion-damaged reinforced concrete （RC） columns, twelve reinforced concrete columns are tested under combined lateral cyclic displacement excursions and constant axial load. The variables studied in this program include effects of corrosion degree of the rebars, level of axial load, the amount of CFRP sheets and steel jacket. The results indicate that the combined CFRP and steel jacket retrofitting technique is effective in improving load-carrying, ductility and energy absorption capacity of the columns. Compared with the corrosion-damaged RC column, the lateral load and the ductility factor of many strengthened columns increase more than 90% and 100%, respectively. The formulae for the calculation of the yielding load, the maximum lateral load and the displacement ductility factor of the strengthened columns under combined constant axial load and cyclically increasing lateral loading are developed. The test results are also compared with the results obtained from the proposed formulae. A good agreement between calculated values and experimental results is observed.

Seismic Behavior of Diaphragm-Through Connections of Concrete-Filled Square Steel Tubular Columns and H-Shaped Steel Beams

Based on the introductions of a type of diaphragm-through connection between concrete-filled square steel tubular columns (CFSSTCs) and H-shaped steel beams,a finite element model of the connection is developed and used to investigate the seismic behavior of the connection.The results of the finite element model are validated by a set of cyclic loading tests.The cyclic loading tests and the finite element analyses indicate that the failure mode of the suggested connections is plastic hinge at the beam with inelastic rotation angle exceeding 0.04 rad.The suggested connections have sufficient strength,plastic deformation and energy dissipation capacity to be used in composite moment frames as beam-to-column rigid connections.

Seismic Performance of Steel Reinforced Ultra High-strength Concrete Columns

The seismic performance of steel reinforced ultra-high-strength concrete columns(SRSHC) with various shear-span ratios(λ) were studied through a series of experiments.The concrete compressive cube strength value of experimental specimens ranged from 92.9 MPa to 108.1 MPa.The main experimental variables affecting seismic performance of specimens were axial load ratio and stirrup reinforcement ratio.The columns(λ=2.75) subjected to low cyclic reversed lateral loads failed mainly in the flexural-shear mode failure and columns(λ≤2.0) subjected to low cyclic reversed lateral loads failed mainly in the shear mode failure.Shear force-displacement hysteretic curves and skeleton curves were drawn.Coefficient of the specimen displacement ductility was calculated.Experimental results indicate that ductility decreases with axial pressure ratio increasing,and increases with stirrup reinforcement ratio increasing.Limit values of axial pressure ratio and minimum stirrup reinforcement ratio of columns are proposed to satisfy definite ductility requirement.The suggested values provide a reference for engineering application and for the amendment of the current Chinese design code of steel reinforced concrete composite structures.

Seismic Behaviour of Beam-Column Joints of Precast and Partial Steel Reinforced Concrete

A beam-column joint of precast and partial steel reinforced concrete( PPSRC) is proposed for precast reinforced concrete frames. The PPSRC consists of partial steel and reinforced concrete. The partial steel is located in the core joint region and the connections between concrete members. This paper presents an experimental study of a series of PPSRC specimens. These specimens are tested under low cyclic loading.Experimental results demonstrate that the bearing capacity of the PPSRC specimens is 3 times that of the ordinary reinforced concrete( RC) beam-column joints. The strength and stiffness degradation rates are slower compared with that of the RC beam-column joints. In addition,the strength of the core joint region and the connections is higher than other parts of the PPSRC specimens. Beam failure occurs firstly for the PPSRC specimens,followed by column failure and connections failure. The failure of the core joint region occurs finally.Test results show that the seismic performance of the PPSRC is better than that of the ordinary RC beam-column joints.

Experimental study on box shape steel reinforced concrete beam

Experimental study on the fundamental behavior of box shape steel reinforced concrete （SRC） beams was conducted. Seven 1 ： 3 scale model SRC beams were tested to failure. The experimental results indicate that the flexural strength increases with the increase of the ratio of flexural reinforcement and the thickness of flange of the shape steel; the shear strength increases with the increase in the thickness of the web of the shape steel. Concrete filled in the box shape steel can prevent the early failure of specimens due to the buckling of the box shape steel, and increase the ultimate load. Measures should be made to strengthen the connection and co-work between the shape steel and the concrete. Formulae for flexural and shear strength of the composite beams are proposed, and the calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental results. In general, the box shape SRC beam is a kind of ductile member, and it is suitable for extensive engineering application.

Axial Bearing Capacity of Short FRP Confined Concrete-filled Steel Tubular Columns

The bearing capacity of FRP confined concrete-filled steel tubular （FRP-CFST） columns under axial compression was investigated. This new type of composite column is a concrete-filled steel tube （CFST） confined with fiber-reinforced polymer （FRP） wraps. Totally 11 short column specimens were tested to failure under axial compression. The influences of the type and quantity of FRP, the thickness of steel tube and the concrete strength were studied. It was found that the bearing capacity of short FRP-CFST column was much higher than that of comparable CFST column. Furthermore, the formulas for calculating the bearing capacity of the FRP-CFST columns are proposed. The analytical calculated results agree well with the experimental results.

Seismic performance of steel reinforced ultra high-strength concrete composite frame joints

To investigate the seismic performance of a composite frame comprised of steel reinforced ultra high-strength concrete （SRUHSC） columns and steel reinforced concrete （SRC） beams, six interior frame joint specimens were designed and tested under low cyclically lateral load. The effects of the axial load ratio and volumetric stirrup ratio were studied on the characteristics of the frame joint performance including crack pattern, failure mode, ductility, energy dissipation capacity, strength degradation and rigidity degradation. It was found that all joint specimens behaved in a ductile manner with flexural-shear failure in the joint core region while plastic hinges appeared at the beam ends. The ductility and energy absorption capacity of joints increased as the axial load ratio decreased and the volumetric stirIup ratio increased. The displacement ductility coefficient and equivalent damping coefficient of the joints fell between the corresponding coefficients of the steel reinforced concrete （SRC） frame joint and RC frame joint. The axial load ratio and volumetric stirrup ratio have less influence on the strength degradation and more influence on the stiffness degradation. The stiffness of the joint degrades more significantly for a low volumetric stirrup ratio and high axial load ratio. The characteristics obtained from the SRUHSC composite frame joint specimens with better seismic performance may be a useful reference in future engineering applications.

Seismic behavior of large-scale FRP–recycled aggregate concrete–steel columns with shear connectors

The application of fi ber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites for the development of high-performance composite structural systems has received signifi cant recent research attention. A composite of FRP–recycled aggregate concrete (RAC)–steel column (FRSC), consisting of an outer FRP tube, an inner steel tube and annular RAC fi lled between two tubes, is proposed herein to facilitate green disposal of demolished concrete and to improve the ductility of concrete columns for earthquake resistance. To better understand the seismic behavior of FRSCs, quasi-static tests of large-scale basalt FRSCs with shear connectors were conducted. The infl uence of the recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) replacement percentage, shear connectors and axial loading method on the lateral load and deformation capacity, energy dissipation and cumulative damage were analyzed to evaluate the seismic behavior of FRSCs. The test results show that FRSCs have good seismic behavior, which was evidenced by high lateral loads, excellent ductility and energy dissipation capacity, indicating RAC is applicable in FRSCs. Shear connectors can signifi cantly postpone the steel buckling and increase the lateral loads of FRSCs, but weaken the deformation capacity and energy dissipation performance.

Test on mechanical behavior of SRC L-shaped columns under combined torsion and bending moment

Investigations of the seismic behavior of steel reinforced concrete L-shaped columns under constant axial compression and cycled bending-shear-torsion load were performed.Six specimens,which considered two parameters,i.e.,the moment ratio of torsion to bending(γ)and the aspect ratio(column length-to-depth ratio,φ),were prepared for the experiment.In this study,the failure process,torsion-displacement hysteresis curves,and flexure-displacement hysteresis curves were obtained.The failure characteristics,mechanical behavior of specimens such as the failure patterns,hysteresis curves,rigidity degradation,ductility and energy dissipation,are analyzed.The experimental research indicated that the major failures of the specimens were bending failure,bending-shear failure and bending-torsion failure as the moment ratio of torsion to bending(γ)increased.The torsion-displacement hysteresis curves were pinched in the middle,formed a slip platform,and the phenomenon of“load drop”occurred after the peak load.The bending-displacement hysteresis curves were plump,which showed that bending capacity of the specimen was better than its torsion capacity.Additionally,the energy dissipation of the specimen was dominated by torsion in the early stage and ultimately governed by the bending moment in the later phase.Test results also indicated that the displacement ductility coefficient and interstory rotation angle of the failure point were less than 3.0 and 1/50,respectively,which means the test specimen performance does not meet the requirement of the Chinese Code for Seismic Design of Buildings(GB 50011-2014)in this respect.

T型钢连接方钢管柱-H型钢梁节点抗震性能分析

目的为了研究单边螺栓和T型钢连接的方钢管柱-H型钢梁节点的抗震特性,方法采用室内试验和数值模拟分析方法,对1∶2缩尺的边节点进行拟静力试验,并通过ABAQUS有限元软件进行数值模拟,综合分析边节点的滞回特性、承载力、刚度与耗能等力学特性。有限元分析变量为T型钢加肋、梁翼缘狗骨式和梁腹板开圆孔式。结果试验中,节点试件中连接件T型钢参与耗能且其变形最明显,梁、柱构件变形较小。塑性铰主要集中在连接构件T型钢上,T型钢腹板与翼缘交接处出现应力集中状态。试验弹性阶段,节点构件共同抵抗外部作用力。进入塑性阶段,节点损伤逐渐累积至T型钢,使T型钢最终产生塑性破坏而失效。有限元模拟中,T型钢加肋的形式对节点整体承载力影响最大,其中加3号肋的形式使节点承载力的增长量达到最大;梁翼缘狗骨式的形式对节点整体耗能能力影响最大,为44.01%。结论在T型钢上加肋板对节点的承载力和刚度提升较明显,对耗能能力影响不大;梁翼缘狗骨式和梁腹板开圆孔式均能提高节点的耗能能力,节点承载力和刚度基本不变;梁翼缘做狗骨式对节点抗震性能影响最显著。

型钢混凝土T形梁纯扭及弯扭性能试验研究

为研究型钢混凝土T形梁在纯扭和弯扭作用下的受力性能,以翼缘宽度、型钢含钢率、配箍率、翼缘纵筋直径及弯扭比为变化参数,设计并完成12根型钢混凝土T形梁的纯扭、弯扭静载试验。观察了试件的破坏过程,获取了试件的扭矩-扭率全过程曲线、开裂扭矩和极限扭矩等特征参数,深入分析了纯扭、弯扭作用下不同变化参数对型钢混凝土T形梁抗扭性能的影响规律,揭示了其抗扭破坏机理。结果表明:T形截面梁和矩形截面梁的破坏形态基本一致,其中钢筋混凝土梁呈现为脆性破坏,型钢混凝土梁呈现为延性破坏;T形试件翼缘、型钢和混凝土之间存在相互约束作用,翼缘和型钢大幅增强了试件的抗扭强度和延性;试件翼缘的最优高宽比为2.33;随着型钢含钢率的增大,试件的抗扭强度和延性呈增大趋势,平均提升幅度分别为30.99%、101.14%;试件的极限扭矩随着弯扭比的增大而增大,平均提高了7.86%。最后,提出了型钢混凝土T形梁的开裂扭矩和极限扭矩计算方法,所得计算结果与试验结果吻合良好。

Numerical Simulation of Response of SRC Columns Subjected to Blast Loading

The dynamic characteristics and failure modes of steel reinforced concrete (SRC) columns subjected to blast loading are complicated because of the transient stress wave in the SRC columns and the interaction between steel and concrete. This paper presents a numerical simulation of the response of SRC columns subjected to blast loading using hydrocode LS-DYNA. In the numerical model, a sophisticate concrete material model (the Concrete Damage Model) is employed with consideration of the strain rate effect and the damage accumulation. An erosion technique is adopted to model the spalling process of concrete. The possible failure modes of SRC columns are evaluated. It is observed that the failure of SRC columns subjected to blast load can generally be classified into three modes, namely, a direct failure in concrete body due to the stress wave, a transverse shear failure near the support sections due to the high shear force, and a flexural failure pertaining to large local and global deformation of the reinforcing steel.

Effect of seismic design details on hysteresis performance of SRC-RC transfer columns

Four types of seismic design details were tested using 11 transfer column specimens and one comparison specimen of RC under low cyclic reversed loading. Test results show that diagonal cracks control the failure pattern and damage occurs mainly in the RC section with weak shear capacity in the transfer columns. There is a large difference in the bearing capacity and ductility of the transfer columns according to the test results, which indicates that the strengthening effect of diverse structural measures is quite different. The section ratio of I-section-encased steel and the axial compression ratio also have a great influence on the bearing capacity and ductility. Although the bearing capacity of transfer columns with additional longitudinal bars and additional X bars is relatively large, they have poor deformation capacity. Setting more stirrups along the columns is the best structural measure to enhance the seismic performance. The studs on the I-sectionencased steel by welding can help to complete the stress transfer between the steel and concrete, and avoid performance degradation of the two materials due to bonding failure.

环口板加强带脱空缺陷的钢管混凝土T型节点滞回性能试验研究

为研究环口板加强带脱空缺陷的钢管混凝土T型节点的抗震性能,完成了12根节点试件在主管受恒定轴拉力与支管受轴向往复荷载作用下的滞回试验,基于试件破坏模式、荷载-位移滞回关系和应变发展考察了采用环口板加强带脱空缺陷T型节点试件的效果,并对比分析支主管直径比和主管径厚比对试件加强效果的影响。试验结果表明:采用环口板加强T型节点有效抑制了脱空缺陷导致的主管塑性变形,并实现带缺陷T型节点承载力、刚度、延性和耗能能力的完全恢复,甚至优于相应的无脱空试件,其中加强试件的承载力较带脱空缺陷试件提升12.6%以上,较无脱空试件提升6.5%以上,表明经合理设计的环口板加强措施能够弥补脱空缺陷对节点抗震性能的不利影响。

800MPa高强钢T形截面轴压构件极限承载力有限元分析

针对800MPa高强钢T形截面轴压构件失稳问题,基于ABAQUS软件建立有限元计算模型,分析残余应力、几何初始缺陷、翼缘宽厚比、腹板高厚比和构件长细比对构件极限承载力的影响,建立正则化长细比与整体稳定系数关系曲线,并将高强钢T形截面轴压构件极限承载力的模拟结果与GB50017—2017系列设计规范进行比较分析。结果表明:建立的有限元模型能够准确模拟试验构件的屈曲行为,残余应力峰值对短柱承载力影响较小,对大长细比构件的承载力影响较大;试件初弯曲和板件翘曲对小长细比构件极限承载力影响较大,随构件长细比增加,构件极限承载力随着翼缘宽厚比变化表现为敏感度降低,腹板的高厚比变化规律与之类似。计算得到的稳定系数与GB50017—2017中b类柱子曲线吻合较好,建议采用b类柱子曲线计算800MPa高强钢焊接T形截面轴压构件的极限承载力。

锈蚀钢筋混凝土T梁的疲劳性能试验

为探明我国早期建造的公路钢筋混凝土T梁桥纵筋锈蚀后的疲劳性能,加工制作10根实际锈蚀率在4.12%~13.72%之间的钢筋混凝土T梁试件,对其开展疲劳应力比在0.25~0.67范围内的疲劳试验。试验结果表明:轻度锈蚀T梁试件的挠度、弯曲裂缝宽度和材料应变均呈现明显的前期快速发展-中期稳定变化-后期迅速增长的“三阶段发展”特征,疲劳破坏一般以弯曲裂缝超限为标志;中度或重度锈蚀T梁试件承受应力比小于0.30左右的疲劳荷载作用时,前者中期平稳发展阶段基本消失,后者甚至会发生低周疲劳破坏;当应力比不超过0.31时,中度和重度锈蚀试件相比轻度锈蚀试件的疲劳寿命分别减小了约48%和71%;当应力比从0.66减小到0.31时,中度和重度锈蚀试件的疲劳寿命分别减小了约85%和90%。由于中度或重度锈蚀的公路钢筋混凝土T梁的实际疲劳寿命远低于200万次的设计疲劳寿命,故设计和运维中应采取措施减小主筋锈蚀率及疲劳应力幅值。

多腔T形钢管混凝土柱轴压性能试验研究

为研究多腔T形钢管混凝土柱的轴压性能,开展了7根多腔T形钢管混凝土柱和2根普通T形钢管混凝土柱试件轴压试验研究,主要考察钢管壁厚、混凝土强度和高宽比对多腔T形钢管混凝土柱轴压性能的影响。试验结果表明,与同条件的普通T形钢管混凝土柱相比,多腔T形钢管混凝土柱具有更高的轴压承载力及更好的变形性能。多腔T形钢管混凝土柱的轴压极限承载力随着钢管壁厚增大而显著提高,随着高宽比增大而呈下降趋势;当采用高强混凝土时,应匹配较厚的钢管以更加充分地发挥两种材料的性能。将美国规范ANSI/AISC 360⁃16、欧洲规范Eurocode 4、日本规范AIJ⁃CFT和中国规范GB 50936—2014公式计算与试验的轴压极限承载力进行比较。结果表明,Eurocode 4规范公式的计算精度最高且离散性最小。

冷弯薄壁型钢T形拼合柱轴压性能研究与承载力计算

冷弯薄壁型钢(CFS)全螺栓垫板连接T形拼合柱是一种新型拼合截面柱,在全螺栓连接框架结构中承受集中荷载。目前关于全螺栓连接T形CFS拼合柱轴心受力性能的研究报道较少。基于已有的试验研究成果,建立准确可靠的T形CFS拼合柱数值分析模型,选取构件长细比、板材厚度、垫板的纵向间距等参数,研究在轴压作用下各重要参数对T形CFS拼合柱极限承载力和屈曲模态的影响。结果表明:随着长细比的增大,T形CFS拼合柱的屈曲模式由局部与畸变相关屈曲逐渐转变为整体屈曲,当长细比<104.7时,长细比变化对构件承载力的影响不明显;板厚对构件的承载力变化具有显著影响,在长细比较大的情况下可以改变构件的屈曲模式;垫板的纵向间距对构件的承载力和屈曲模式影响较小,不同垫板纵向间距的构件极限承载力变化均在4.5%以内。最后,将试验和数值分析结果与北美规范中直接强度法计算的名义承载力对比,评估直接强度法对于此类拼合柱承载力计算的适用性。

粘贴钢板加固竖向开裂T梁加固效果评价

为研究粘贴钢板对竖向开裂预应力混凝土T梁的加固效果,通过破坏性试验研究2片20 m预应力混凝土竖向开裂T梁的受力性能。分别从裂缝、位移、应变等方面对加固效果进行评价。结果表明:竖向开裂T梁的结构安全储备不足,但相比于未加固梁,通过粘贴钢板加固,开裂后的刚度提升了33.2%,屈服荷载和极限承载力分别提升了34.7%、52.9%;减少了33.7%的裂缝产生与扩展;并且在混凝土进入软化阶段前,钢板与结构的协同受力能力优异。可见,粘贴钢板加固预应力混凝土竖向开裂T梁的加固效果优异。