Galactic cosmic rays and solar protons ionize the present terrestrial atmosphere,and the air showers are simulated by well-tested Monte-Carlo simulations,such as PHITS code.We use the latest version of PHITS to evalua...Galactic cosmic rays and solar protons ionize the present terrestrial atmosphere,and the air showers are simulated by well-tested Monte-Carlo simulations,such as PHITS code.We use the latest version of PHITS to evaluate the possible ionization of protoplanetary disks by galactic cosmic rays（GCRs）,solar protons,and by supernova remnants.The attenuation length of GCR ionization is updated as 118 g cm^-2,which is approximately 20% larger than the popular value.Hard and soft possible spectra of solar protons give comparable and 20% smaller attenuation lengths compared with those from standard GCR spectra,respectively,while the attenuation length is approximately 10% larger for supernova remnants.Further,all of the attenuation lengths become 10% larger in the compound gas of cosmic abundance,e.g.128 g cm^-2 for GCRs,which can affect the minimum estimate of the size of dead zones in protoplanetary disks when the incident flux is unusually high.展开更多
Continuous and perfect single-layer B-Al-ZSM-5 zeolite membranes with c-axis orientation, self-transformation from B-containing porous gla ss disks w ith rough and uneven surfaces full of pits, have been in-situ prepa...Continuous and perfect single-layer B-Al-ZSM-5 zeolite membranes with c-axis orientation, self-transformation from B-containing porous gla ss disks w ith rough and uneven surfaces full of pits, have been in-situ prepared on the su bstrates surfaces in a mixed vapor of ethylenediamine, tri-n-propylamine a nd H 2O . The thickness of the membranes is ca. 60 μm. Under the conditions of 20 ℃ and 0.1 MPa pressure difference, the permeabilities of H 2, O 2 and N 2 thro ugh the calcined B-Al-ZSM-5 zeolite membranes are 2 298×10 -8 , 1 176 ×10 -8 and 1 368×10 -9 mol/(m 2·s·Pa), respectively. The calculated values of ideal se lectivities of H 2 an d O 2 over N 2 are 16 8 and 8 60, respectively. The data indicate that the c alcin ed zeolite membranes are non-pinhole, non-crack, continuous and perfect.展开更多
基金supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 26106006 and 15K13581
文摘Galactic cosmic rays and solar protons ionize the present terrestrial atmosphere,and the air showers are simulated by well-tested Monte-Carlo simulations,such as PHITS code.We use the latest version of PHITS to evaluate the possible ionization of protoplanetary disks by galactic cosmic rays（GCRs）,solar protons,and by supernova remnants.The attenuation length of GCR ionization is updated as 118 g cm^-2,which is approximately 20% larger than the popular value.Hard and soft possible spectra of solar protons give comparable and 20% smaller attenuation lengths compared with those from standard GCR spectra,respectively,while the attenuation length is approximately 10% larger for supernova remnants.Further,all of the attenuation lengths become 10% larger in the compound gas of cosmic abundance,e.g.128 g cm^-2 for GCRs,which can affect the minimum estimate of the size of dead zones in protoplanetary disks when the incident flux is unusually high.
文摘Continuous and perfect single-layer B-Al-ZSM-5 zeolite membranes with c-axis orientation, self-transformation from B-containing porous gla ss disks w ith rough and uneven surfaces full of pits, have been in-situ prepared on the su bstrates surfaces in a mixed vapor of ethylenediamine, tri-n-propylamine a nd H 2O . The thickness of the membranes is ca. 60 μm. Under the conditions of 20 ℃ and 0.1 MPa pressure difference, the permeabilities of H 2, O 2 and N 2 thro ugh the calcined B-Al-ZSM-5 zeolite membranes are 2 298×10 -8 , 1 176 ×10 -8 and 1 368×10 -9 mol/(m 2·s·Pa), respectively. The calculated values of ideal se lectivities of H 2 an d O 2 over N 2 are 16 8 and 8 60, respectively. The data indicate that the c alcin ed zeolite membranes are non-pinhole, non-crack, continuous and perfect.
