The interaction between a shaped charge jet and a single moving plate

Reactive armour is a very efficient add-on armour against shaped charge threats.Explosive reactive armour consists of one or several plates that are accelerated by an explosive.Similar but less violent acceleration of plates can also be achieved in a completely inert reactive armour.To be efficient against elongated jets,the motion of the plates needs to be inclined against the jet such that a sliding contact between the jet and the plates is established.This sliding contact causes a deflection and thinning of the jet.Under certain circumstances,the contact will become unstable,leading to severe disturbances on the jet.These disturbances will drastically reduce the jet penetration performance and it is therefore of interest to study the conditions that leads to an unstable contact.Previous studies on the interaction between shaped charge jets and flyer plates have shown that it is mainly the forward moving plate in an explosive reactive armour that is effective in disturbing the jet.This is usually attributed to the higher plate-to-jet mass flux ratio involved in the collision of the forward moving plate compared to the backward moving plate.For slow moving plates,as occurs in inert reactive armour,the difference in mass flux for the forward and backward moving plate is much lesser,and it is therefore of interest to study if other factors than the mass flux influences on the protection capability.In this work,experiments have been performed where a plate is accelerated along its length,interacting with a shaped charge jet that is fired at an oblique angle to the plate’s normal,either against or along the plate’s velocity.The arrangement corresponds to a jet interacting with a flyer plate from a reactive armour,with the exception that the collision velocity is the same for both types of obliquities in these experiments.The experiments show that disturbances on the jet are different in the two cases even though the collision velocities are the same.Numerical simulations of the interaction support the observation.The difference is attributed to the character of the contact pressure in the interaction region.For a backward moving plate,the maximum contact pressure is obtained at the beginning of the interaction zone and the contact pressure is therefore higher upstream than downstream of the jet while the opposite is true for a forward moving plate.A negative interface pressure gradient with respect to the jet motion results in a more stable flow than a positive,which means that the jet-plate contact is more stable for a backward moving plate than for a forward moving plate.A forward moving plate is thus more effective in disturbing the jet than a backward moving plate,not only because of the higher jet to plate mass flux ratio but also because of the character of the contact with the jet.

Multiresolution method for bending of plates with complex shapes

A high-accuracy multiresolution method is proposed to solve mechanics problems subject to complex shapes or irregular domains.To realize this method,we design a new wavelet basis function,by which we construct a fifth-order numerical scheme for the approximation of multi-dimensional functions and their multiple integrals defined in complex domains.In the solution of differential equations,various derivatives of the unknown function are denoted as new functions.Then,the integral relations between these functions are applied in terms of wavelet approximation of multiple integrals.Therefore,the original equation with derivatives of various orders can be converted to a system of algebraic equations with discrete nodal values of the highest-order derivative.During the application of the proposed method,boundary conditions can be automatically included in the integration operations,and relevant matrices can be assured to exhibit perfect sparse patterns.As examples,we consider several second-order mathematics problems defined on regular and irregular domains and the fourth-order bending problems of plates with various shapes.By comparing the solutions obtained by the proposed method with the exact solutions,the new multiresolution method is found to have a convergence rate of fifth order.The solution accuracy of this method with only a few hundreds of nodes can be much higher than that of the finite element method(FEM)with tens of thousands of elements.In addition,because the accuracy order for direct approximation of a function using the proposed basis function is also fifth order,we may conclude that the accuracy of the proposed method is almost independent of the equation order and domain complexity.

Influence of the Inclination Angle on Mixed Convection and Heat Transfer in a“T”Shaped Double Enclosure

The effect of the tilt angle on mixed convection and related heat transfer in a“T”shaped double enclosure with four heated obstacles on the bottom surface is numerically investigated.The considered obstacles are constantly kept at a relatively high(fixed)temperature,while the cavity’s upper wall is cooled.The finite volume approach is used to solve the mass,momentum,and energy equations with the SIMPLEC algorithm being exploited to deal with the pressure-velocity coupling.Emphasis is put on the influence of the tilt angle on the solution symmetry,flow structure,and heat exchange through the walls.The following parameters and related ranges are considered:Rayleigh number 104≤Ra≤5.105,tilt angle 0°≤φ≤90°,Reynolds number 100≤Re≤1000,Prandtl number Pr=0.72,block height B=0.5,opening width C=0.15,and distance between blocks D=0.5.The results reveal different branches of solutions on varying Re andφ.They also show that the symmetry of the solution regarding the P_(2)axis is retained for all cases with no tilt and for values of Re between 100 and 1000.

Nonlinear dynamic characteristics and optimal control of a giant magnetostrictive film-shaped memory alloy composite plate subjected to in-plane stochastic excitation

The nonlinear dynamic characteristics and optimal control of a giant magnetostrictive film （GMF）-shaped memory alloy （SMA） composite plate subjected to in-plane stochastic excitation are studied. GMF is prepared based on an SMA plate, and combined into a GMF-SMA composite plate. The Van der Pol item is improved to explain the hysteretic phenomena of GMF and SMA, and the nonlinear dynamics model of a GMF-SMA composite cantilever plate subjected to in-plane stochastic excitation is developed. The stochastic stability of the system is analyzed, and the steady-state probability density function of the dynamic response of the system is obtained. The condition of stochastic Hopf bifurcation is discussed, the reliability function of the system is provided, and then the probability density of the first-passage time is given. Finally, the stochastic optimal control strategy is proposed by the stochastic dynamic programming method. Numerical simulation shows that the stability of the trivial solution varies with bifurcation parameters, and stochastic Hopf bifurcation appears in the process; the system＇s reliability is improved through stochastic optimal control, and the first- passage time is delayed. A GMF-SMA composite plate combines the advantages of GMF and SMA, and can reduce vibration through passive control and active control effectively. The results are helpful for the engineering applications of GMF-SMA composite plates.

The wave and vibratory power transmission in a finite L-shaped Mindlin plate with two simply supported opposite edges

In this paper,wave and vibratory power transmission in a finite L-shaped Mindlin plate with two simply supported opposite edges are investigated using the wave approach.The dynamic responses,active and reactive power flow in the finite plate are calculated by the Mindlin plate theory （MPT） and classic plate theory （CPT）.To satisfy the boundary conditions and continuous conditions at the coupled junction of the finite L-shaped plate,the near-field and far-field waves are entirely contained in the wave approach.The in-plane longitudinal and shear waves are also considered.The results indicate that the vibratory power flow based on the MPT is different from that based on the CPT not only at high frequencies but also at low and medium frequencies.The influence of the plate thickness on the vibrational power flow is investigated.From the results it is seen that the shear and rotary inertia correction of the MPT can influence the active and reactive power at the junction of the L-shaped plate not only at high frequencies but also at low and medium frequencies.Furthermore,the effects of structural damping on the active and reactive power flow at the junction are also analyzed.

Study on Submerged Upper Arc-Shaped Plate Type Breakwater

Based on the wave radiation and diffraction theory, this paper investigates a new type breakwater with upper arcshaped plate by using the boundary element method(BEM). By comparing with other three designs of plate type breakwater(lower arc-shaped plate, single horizontal plate and double horizontal plate), this new type breakwater has been proved more effective. The wave exiting force, transmission and reflection coefficients are analyzed and discussed. In order to reveal the wave elimination mechanism of this type of breakwater, the velocity field around the breakwater is obtained. It is shown that:(1) The sway exciting force is minimal.(2) When the ratio of the submergence and wave amplitude is 0.05, the wave elimination effect will increase by 50% compared with other three types of breakwater.(3) The obvious backflow is found above the plate in the velocity field analysis.

Stresses due to an adhesion crack in T-shaped junction of two orthotropic plates

The general solution of stresses is derived for a T-shaped junction of two thin plates with an adhesion crack. The plates are orthotropic. A shear force is applied on the crack surface. The analysis is based on the supposition that the stresses in each plate can be approximated by a plane stress condition. The results obtained are verified by numerical calculation of FEM.

Shear deformation and plate shape control of hot-rolled aluminium alloy thick plate prepared by asymmetric rolling process

Asymmetric rolling （ASR）, as one of severe plastic deformation （SPD） methods to make ultra-fine materials with enhanced performance is mainly used to prepare foil and thin strip. The asymmetrical rolling was achieved by adjusting the diameters of the upper roll and the bottom roll and was used to prepare hot-rolled thick plate of 5182 aluminium alloy. The shear deformation and plate shape control were experimentally studied. The experimental results show that asymmetrical rolling has a significant effect on metal deformation stream and can somehow refine microstructure and improve the uniformity of microstructure and properties. The asymmetrical rolling process can also reduce the rolling force. However, bending of rolling plate often happens during asymmetrical rolling process. The factors affecting the bending were discussed.

AERODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF CIRCULAR PLATE-SHAPED AND CIRCULAR RING-SHAPED SQUEEZE FILM BEARINGS

Aerodynamics of circular plate- and circular ring-shaped squeeze film hearings is analyzed in detail, yielding analytic expressions for the pressure distribution of these hearings. Several formulae for these hearings are modified using the developed method. The paper also gives numerical results oj pressure distribution and load-hearing capacities of these hearings.

Design of scale model of plate-shaped absorber in a wide frequency range

In order to design the scale model in a wide frequency range,a method based on the reflective loss is proposed according to the high-frequency approximation algorithm,and an example of designing the scale model of a plate-shaped absorber is given in this paper.In the example,the frequency of the full-size measurement ranges from 2.0 GHz to 2.4 GHz,the thickness of the full-size absorber is 1 mm and the scale ratio is 1/5.A two-layer scale absorber is obtained by the proposed method.The thickness values of the bottom and top layer are 0.4 mm and 0.5 mm,respectively.Furthermore,the scattering properties of a plate model and an SLICY model are studied by FEKO to verify the effectiveness of the designed scale absorber.Compared with the corresponding values from the theoretical scale model,the average values of the absolute deviations in 10 GHz～12 GHz are 0.53 d Bm^2,0.65 d Bm^2,0.76 d Bm^2 for the plate model and 0.20 d Bm^2,0.95 d Bm^2,0.77 d Bm^2 for the SLICY model while the incident angles are 0°,30°,and 60°,respectively.These deviations fall within the Radar cross section（RCS） measurement tolerance.Thus,the work in this paper has important theoretical and practical significance.

Analysis of the modulation mechanisms of the electric field and breakdown performance in AlGaN/GaN HEMT with a T-shaped field-plate

A novel A1GaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor （HEMT） with a source-connected T-shaped field-plate （ST-FP HEMT） is proposed for the first time in this paper. The source-connected T-shaped field-plate （ST-FP） is composed of a source-connected field-plate （S-FP） and a trench metal. The physical intrinsic mechanisms of the ST-FP to improve the breakdown voltage and the FP efficiency and to modulate the distributions of channel electric field and potential are studied in detail by means of two-dimensional numerical simulations with Silvaco-ATLAS. A comparison to the HEMT and the HEMT with an S-FP （S-FP HEMT） shows that the ST-FP HEMT could achieve a broader and more uniform channel electric field distribution with the help of a trench metal, which could increase the breakdown voltage and the FP efficiency remarkably. In addition, the relationship between the structure of the ST-FP, the channel electric field, the breakdown voltage as well as the FP efficiency in ST-FP HEMT is analyzed. These results could open up a new effective method to fabricate high voltage power devices for the power electronic applications.

Development of an Ultrasonic Motor That Uses an Inchworm Shaped Deformation of a Metallic Plate

At the present time, ultrasonic motors have been developed for a variety of purposes such as linear motion drives and rotational drives. The elaboration of an ultrasonic motor is time-consuming, because it is developed adapting on its application. In this study, a new ultrasonic motor structure that combines a piezoelectric element and a metallic plate is elaborated. The driving principle of this motor is that the metal plate is bent to an inchworm shape and rotates the rotor when the piezoelectric element is stretched. The objective of this study is to verify the functioning of the new motor experimentally.

低周反复荷载下T型双波纹钢板混凝土组合剪力墙受力性能试验研究

为研究低周反复荷载下T型双波纹钢板混凝土组合剪力墙的受力性能,对5个T型双波纹钢板混凝土组合剪力墙进行了低周反复加载试验。基于试验数据,分析了T型组合剪力墙的破坏模式、滞回曲线、变形能力及耗能能力,重点研究了边缘约束条件、波纹类型以及轴压比不同变化参数对T型组合剪力墙抗震性能指标的影响规律。研究结果表明:T型双波纹钢板混凝土组合剪力墙破坏模式主要有压屈破坏和压弯破坏两种;设置边缘约束构件是提高T型双波纹钢板混凝土组合剪力墙承载能力和变形能力的关键因素;纵向窄波纹钢板对内部混凝土的约束能力更强,在低周反复荷载下两者协同工作性更优,而横向窄波纹钢板试件强度退化最严重;采用全截面塑性设计方法进行T型双波纹钢板混凝土组合剪力墙正截面承载力计算,试验值与计算值吻合良好;T型双波纹钢板混凝土组合剪力墙具有较好的承载能力和变形能力,可适用于高层及超高层建筑结构中。

采用T型喷口的喷水推进船模阻力数值模拟

T型喷口是一种附加在喷水推进装置后方,改变水流纵向喷射方向为横向的模型试验装置。该装置只在船体内部流道上产生力的作用,既可反映常规喷口推进船模自航状态下,推进装置的抽吸作用对船尾边界层的影响,又对船身浮态影响很小,仅通过船模阻力试验和获流区PIV测试试验,结合动量通量法换算,可将常规推进船模自航试验中,推进系统对船体阻力的影响分离出来。通过CFD手段,采用流量边界条件法,对某带有T型喷口推进装置的船模阻力性能进行数值模拟,并与模型试验结果进行比较分析。最后,对T型喷口装置的工作原理进行说明。

尖牙反[牙合]矫治人字形和T形曲组合正畸弓丝矫治力建模

固定矫治技术是治疗牙齿反[牙合]最为有效的矫治手段,主要通过正畸弓丝释放的矫治力来达到反[牙合]矫治中的矫治空间预留、反[牙合]牙齿回收的目的。在牙齿反[牙合]畸形中,尖牙反[牙合]是最为常见的牙齿反[牙合]畸形,常使用人字形和T形组合曲关闭上颌牙列间隙。本文旨在正畸治疗前量化人字形和T形组合曲释放矫治力的情况,为正畸医师提供尖牙反[牙合]矫治的理论参考。分析人字形和T形组合曲的形变过程,将其形变过程分为弹性形变和弹塑性形变两类,并对两种形变下的矫治力微分方程进行了构建,将其释放的矫治力分为闭隙矫治力和倾覆矫治力两种,完成了人字形和T形组合曲理论模型的建立,其次对有限元仿真值与理论值的误差率进行计算,得到闭隙矫治力仿真值与理论值的误差率在0.43%~8.33%之间,倾覆矫治力的仿真值与理论值的误差率在2.13%~9.76%之间,搭建实验测量平台得到了闭隙矫治力实验值与理论值误差率为0%~9.30%、倾覆矫治力实验值与理论值的误差率为0%~9.76%,实验测量数据与理论值具有相同的非线性变化趋势,验证了人字形和T形组合曲理论预测模型的正确性,该模型能帮助医师在治疗前对正畸力进行详细的定量分析,从而为个性化治疗方案的制定提供依据,更好地满足患者需求。

采用T型钢连接的可拆换钢梁抗震性能试验与数值研究

提出了一种采用T型钢连接的可拆换钢梁,在地震作用下T型钢集中耗散地震能量,并在震后通过更换T型钢实现使用功能的恢复。通过合理设计T型钢连接、钢梁中间段和悬臂段的抗弯承载力关系,定义设计承载力削弱系数的取值范围,从而实现T型钢集中损伤耗能,钢梁中间段和悬臂段保持弹性的屈服机制。为了使T型钢连接件实现预期的损伤和最优的耗能效果,设计了4个腹板采用不同截面和材料的T型钢连接件,并对T型钢连接的可拆换钢梁试件进行了低周往复加载试验和有限元分析。结果表明:T型钢连接的可拆换钢梁可以实现预期的屈服机制,达到T型连接件集中耗能的目的;T型钢腹板的残余变形和螺栓应力可以满足拆换条件,拆换后结构功能不变,实现了较为理想的可更换机制。狗骨式腹板截面的T型钢连接件塑性变形更均匀,耗能区域更大,耗能效率提高约30%,拆换时间和残余变形与普通截面相差不大,建议腹板采用狗骨式截面;采用低屈服点钢材可以提高T型钢的耗能效率约40%,在设计承载力系数取值合理的情况下,T型钢腹板可以选择低屈服点钢材。最后,基于试验和有限元结果,考虑到T型钢连接件的可拆换性和钢梁材料利用率,建议设计承载力削弱系数取值为0.65~0.85。

型钢混凝土T形截面剪力墙基于性能的变形限值研究

为更好地评估T形截面型钢混凝土(steel reinforced concrete,SRC)剪力墙变形性能,采用ABAQUS有限元软件对按照规范设计的324个T形截面SRC剪力墙构件的破坏形态和变形性能进行研究,根据收集的试验数据分析构件的破坏形态,提出T形截面SRC剪力墙的破坏形态划分准则;以构件的各材料应变极限值为准则来判别构件的性能状态,考虑轴压比、剪跨比、弯剪比、腹板暗柱配钢率、暗柱纵筋配筋率及箍筋暗柱特征值对构件变形性能的影响。对不同性能状态变形限值和参数进行线性回归分析,得到不同破坏类型下各性能状态位移角限值计算式;按规范ASCE 41修正各性能状态变形限值的失效概率,得到具有15%、20%、35%失效概率保证的各性能状态变形限值取值表。研究表明:剪跨比、轴压比对构件各性能状态位移角限值影响较大,暗柱腹板配钢率、纵筋配筋率及箍筋特征值对构件位移角限值影响相对较小,但能提高其延性。按规范ASCE 41修正后的位移角限值取值较为合理且有一定的安全储备。为T形截面SRC剪力墙基于性能的抗震设计与性能评估提供参考。

山区大跨T型刚构桥设计要点

以巫镇高速公路后溪河大跨T型刚构桥为研究对象,采用大型有限元程序Midas Civil建立主桥计算模型,对主桥承载力、受压区高度、主梁应力、主墩施工稳定、计算长度等方面进行分析探讨。结果表明:1)主梁结构尺寸及配束合理,承载力具有较高的冗余度;2)箱梁底板厚度可适当降低,无需强制满足x≤ξbh 0,进而达到减轻结构自重的目的;3)主墩刚度适宜,施工大悬臂阶段稳定性较好;4)主墩进行强度、裂缝验算时,计算长度宜通过有限元屈曲分析,由欧拉临界力反算。

T型钢连接方钢管柱-H型钢梁节点抗震性能分析

目的为了研究单边螺栓和T型钢连接的方钢管柱-H型钢梁节点的抗震特性,方法采用室内试验和数值模拟分析方法,对1∶2缩尺的边节点进行拟静力试验,并通过ABAQUS有限元软件进行数值模拟,综合分析边节点的滞回特性、承载力、刚度与耗能等力学特性。有限元分析变量为T型钢加肋、梁翼缘狗骨式和梁腹板开圆孔式。结果试验中,节点试件中连接件T型钢参与耗能且其变形最明显,梁、柱构件变形较小。塑性铰主要集中在连接构件T型钢上,T型钢腹板与翼缘交接处出现应力集中状态。试验弹性阶段,节点构件共同抵抗外部作用力。进入塑性阶段,节点损伤逐渐累积至T型钢,使T型钢最终产生塑性破坏而失效。有限元模拟中,T型钢加肋的形式对节点整体承载力影响最大,其中加3号肋的形式使节点承载力的增长量达到最大;梁翼缘狗骨式的形式对节点整体耗能能力影响最大,为44.01%。结论在T型钢上加肋板对节点的承载力和刚度提升较明显,对耗能能力影响不大;梁翼缘狗骨式和梁腹板开圆孔式均能提高节点的耗能能力,节点承载力和刚度基本不变;梁翼缘做狗骨式对节点抗震性能影响最显著。

T形截面剪力墙约束边缘构件设计建议

约束边缘构件的构造对剪力墙抗震性能影响较大,抗震规范对T形截面剪力墙约束边缘构件的配筋及长度的相关规定可能存在不足。为研究T形截面剪力墙约束边缘构件的合理构造,基于有限元平台OpenSEES,建立了T形截面剪力墙纤维模型,仿真结果与试验数据吻合良好,验证了有限元模型的合理性和可靠性。在此基础上,研究T形截面剪力墙翼缘端约束边缘构件纵筋配筋率和腹板自由端约束边缘构件长度对其抗震性能的影响,结果表明:抗震规范对T形截面剪力墙翼缘端约束边缘构件纵筋配置的要求过于保守;降低翼缘端约束边缘构件的纵筋配筋率、同时增加腹板端约束边缘构件长度,可显著提升T形截面剪力墙抗震性能,且用钢量减少。借鉴美国规范ACI 318⁃19,提出了确定T形截面剪力墙腹板端约束边缘构件长度的简化方法,给出了T形截面剪力墙约束边缘构件的设计建议。