Mesenteric adipose tissue B lymphocytes promote intestinal injury in severe acute pancreatitis by mediating enteric pyroptosis

Background:Visceral adipose tissue(VAT)has been linked to the severe acute pancreatitis(SAP)prognosis,although the underlying mechanism remains unclear.It has been reported that pyroptosis worsens SAP.The present study aimed to verify whether mesenteric adipose tissue(MAT,a component of VAT)can cause secondary intestinal injury through the pyroptotic pathway.Methods:Thirty-six male Sprague Dawley(SD)rats were divided into six different groups.Twelve rats were randomly divided into the SAP and control groups.We monitored the changes of MAT and B lymphocytes infiltration in MAT of SAP rats.Twelve SAP rats were injected with MAT B lymphocytes or phosphate buffer solution(PBS).The remaining twelve SAP rats were first injected with MAT B lymphocytes,and then with MCC950(NLRP3 inhibitor)or PBS.We collected blood and tissue samples from pancreas,gut and MAT for analysis.Results:Compared to the control rats,the SAP group showed inflammation in MAT,including higher expression of tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α)and interleukin-6(IL-6),lower expression of IL-10,and histological changes.Flow cytometry analysis revealed B lymphocytes infiltration in MAT but not T lymphocytes and macrophages.The SAP rats also exhibited intestinal injury,characterized by lower expression of zonula occludens-1(ZO-1)and occludin,higher levels of lipopolysaccharide and diamine oxidase,and pathological changes.The expression of NLRP3 and n-GSDMD,which are responsible for pyroptosis,was increased in the intestine of SAP rats.The injection of MAT B lymphocytes into SAP rats exacerbated the inflammation in MAT.The upregulation of pyroptosis reduced tight junction in the intestine,which contributed to the SAP progression,including higher inflammatory indicators and worse histological changes.The administration of MCC950 to SAP+MAT B rats downregulated pyroptosis,which subsequently improved the intestinal barrier and ameliorated inflammatory response of SAP.Conclusions:In SAP,MAT B lymphocytes aggravated local inflammation,and promoted the injury to the intestine through the enteric pyroptotic pathway.

Bystanders or not?Microglia and lymphocytes in aging and stroke

As the average age of the world population increases,more people will face debilitating aging-associated conditions,including dementia and stroke.Not only does the incidence of these conditions increase with age,but the recovery afterward is often worse in older patients.Researchers and health professionals must unveil and understand the factors behind age-associated diseases to develop a therapy for older patients.Aging causes profound changes in the immune system including the activation of microglia in the brain.Activated microglia promote T lymphocyte transmigration leading to an increase in neuroinflammation,white matter damage,and cognitive impairment in both older humans and rodents.The presence of T and B lymphocytes is observed in the aged brain and correlates with worse stroke outcomes.Preclinical strategies in stroke target either microglia or the lymphocytes or the communications between them to promote functional recovery in aged subjects.In this review,we examine the role of the microglia and T and B lymphocytes in aging and how they contribute to cognitive impairment.Additionally,we provide an important update on the contribution of these cells and their interactions in preclinical aged stroke.

Donor-derived CD 19 CAR-T Cells versus Chemotherapy Plus Donor Lymphocyte Infusion for Treatment of Recurrent CD 19-positive B-ALL after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Objective:This study aimed to compare the efficacy of anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T cells(CAR-T cells)versus chemotherapy plus donor lymphocyte infusion(chemo-DLI)for treating relapsed CD 19-positive B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia(B-ALL)after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT).Methods:Clinical data of 43 patients with B-ALL who relapsed after allo-HSCT were retrospectively analyzed.Twenty-two patients were treated with CAR-T cells(CAR-T group),and 21 with chemotherapy plus DLI(chemo-DLI group).The complete remission(CR)and minimal residual disease(MRD)-negative CR rates,leukemia-free survival(LFS)rate,overall survival(OS)rate,and incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease(aGVHD),cytokine release syndrome(CRS)and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome(ICANS)were compared between the two groups.Results:The CR and MRD-negative CR rates in the CAR-T group(77.3%and 61.5%)were significantly higher than those in the chemo-DLI group(38.1%and 23.8%)(P=0.008 and P=0.003).The 1-and 2-year LFS rates in the CAR-T group were superior to those in the chemo-DLI group:54.5%and 50.0%vs.9.5%and 4.8%(P=0.0001 and P=0.00004).The 1-and 2-year OS rates in the CAR-T versus chemo-DLI group were 59.1%and 54.5%vs.19%and 9.5%(P=0.011 and P=0.003).Six patients(28.6%)with grade 2-4 aGVHD were identified in the chemo-DLI group.Two patients(9.1%)in the CAR-T group developed grade 1-2 aGVHD.Nineteen patients(86.4%)developed CRS in the CAR-T group,comprising grade 1-2 CRS in 13 patients(59.1%)and grade 3 CRS in 6 patients(27.3%).Two patients(9.1%)developed grade 1-2 ICANS.Conclusion:Donor-derived anti-CD19 CAR-T-cell therapy may be better,safer,and more effective than chemo-DLI for B-ALL patients who relapse after allo-HSCT.

The Role of T Lymphocytes in Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a tightly regulated resorption and formation of bone matrix for physiological processes or to maintain bone function. Bone remodeling involves the synchronized differentiation and activity of bone-related cell types including bone matrix-depositing osteoblasts, bone matrix-resorbing osteoclasts, collagen/extracellular matrix-producing chondrocytes, and the progenitors of these cell types. T and B cells are adaptive immune cells that can influence bone remodeling by directly regulating the function of bone-related cells under normal and pathophysiological conditions. The specific mechanisms through which T cells control remodeling are not well defined. Here, we review the impact and influence of T cells and their products on the differentiation and function of bone cells during bone remodeling. Synthesizing new connections and highlighting potential mechanisms may promote additional avenues of study to elucidate the full role that immune cells play in regulating bone homeostasis.

Association of T lymphocyte subset counts with the clinical features of colorectal cancer

Background:Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a common gastrointestinal malignancy.The T lymphocyte subsets are important in the develop-ment,invasion and metastasis of tumors,including CRC.Nevertheless,limited research has explored the relationship between T cell subpopu-lations and the clinical characteristics of CRC.This study compared the T lymphocyte subsets in patients with CRC and healthy individuals,and assessed the relationship between these values and clinical characteristics.Methods:Peripheral blood was collected from 100 patients with CRC and 54 healthy individuals.The numbers of CD3^(+)T,CD4^(+)T,and CD8^(+)T lymphocytes,NK cells,and the CD4^(+)T/CD8^(+)T ratio in peripheral blood were measured using flow cytometry,and were compared between CRC patients and healthy individuals.Spearman's correlation analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between the T lymphocyte subsets in patients diagnosed with CRC and the levels of carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)and thymidine kinase 1(TK1).Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were utilized to evaluate the potential utility of the T lymphocyte counts in predicting lymph node metastasis,vas-cular infiltration,and high Ki-67 expression.Results:The CRC patients had lower counts of CD3^(+)T,CD4^(+)T,and CD8^(+)T lymphocytes compared to the healthy population(P<0.05).However,no significant differences were observed in the CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)ratio or NK cells(P>0.05).Notably,the CD3^(+)T,CD4^(+)T,and CD8^(+)T lym-phocyte counts were higher in patients with stageⅠ-Ⅱdisease,no lymph node metastasis,no vascular invasion,and low Ki-67 expression than in those with stageⅢ,lymph node metastasis,vascular invasion,and high Ki-67 expression(P<0.05).There was a negative association be-tween the CD3^(+)T,CD4^(+)T,and CD8^(+)T lymphocyte counts and CEA and TK1 levels in patients with CRC.The ROC curves demonstrated that CD3^(+)T,CD4^(+)T,and CD8^(+)T lymphocyte counts had significant predictive value for lymph node metastasis,vascular infiltration,and high Ki-67 expression.Conclusions:The peripheral blood CD3^(+)T,CD4^(+)T,and CD8^(+)T lymphocyte counts are related to the clinical traits of patients with CRC and can predict the prognosis of the disease.

ITP患者PD-1/PD-L1表达特点及其在Treg与Breg细胞之间的相互作用机制分析

目的探讨原发免疫性血小板减少症(ITP)患者细胞程序性死亡受体-1(PD-1)/细胞程序性死亡配体1(PD-L1)表达特点及其在调节性T细胞(Treg)、调节性B细胞(Breg)间的相互作用。方法选取2018年12月—2022年1月在我院治疗的ITP患者106例作为观察组,其中轻度患者32例,中度患者44例,重度患者30例。同时选取同期健康志愿者100例作为对照组。检测两组Treg细胞百分比、Breg细胞百分比、Treg细胞表面PD-1阳性率、Breg细胞表面PD-L1阳性率等,同时分析观察组不同病情程度患者各指标差异。结果观察组Breg细胞百分比、Treg细胞百分比、TGF-β、IL-10和IL-4水平均明显低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组Treg细胞表面PD-1阳性率、Breg细胞表面PD-L1阳性率、可溶性程序性细胞死亡蛋白-1(sPD-1)和IL-17水平均明显高于对照组(均P<0.05);两组可溶性程序性细胞死亡蛋白配体-1(sPD-L1)水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组重度患者Breg细胞百分比、Treg细胞百分比均明显低于轻度和中度患者(均P<0.05),而Treg细胞表面PD-1阳性率、Breg细胞表面PD-L1阳性率均明显高于轻度和中度患者(均P<0.05)。Treg细胞表面PD-1阳性率与Breg细胞表面PD-L1阳性率呈正相关(r=0.446,P<0.05)。观察组治疗后Breg细胞百分比、Treg细胞百分比、TGF-β、IL-10和IL-4水平有所升高(P<0.05),而Treg细胞表面PD-1阳性率、Breg细胞表面PD-L1阳性率、sPD-1和IL-17水平有所降低(P<0.05),治疗前后sPD-L1水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论ITP患者Treg细胞表面PD-1和Breg细胞表面PD-L1阳性率明显升高,与患者病情严重程度呈正相关,同时Treg细胞表面PD-1和Breg细胞表面PD-L1表达之间存在相关性。

GZMB在乳腺癌和乳腺良性肿物患者中的表达及与T淋巴细胞水平的关系研究

目的:探讨颗粒酶B(granzyme B,GZMB)在乳腺癌和乳腺良性肿物患者中的表达及与T淋巴细胞水平的关系。方法:选取2022年1月至2023年8月南阳市第一人民医院收治的乳腺癌患者63例为观察组,根据肿瘤分期分为T_(1)N_(0)M_(0)组、T_(2)N_(0)M_(0)组、T_(2)N_(1)M_(0)组、T_(3)N_(0)M_(0)组及T_(3)N_(1)M_(0)组;选择同期治疗的乳腺良性肿物患者9例为对照组;采用流式细胞仪测定各组GZMB及T淋巴细胞水平;对乳腺癌患者GZMB与T淋巴细胞参数完成相关性分析。结果:观察组乳腺癌患者GZMB水平高于对照组(P<0.05);CD_(3)^(+)、CD_(4)^(+)及CD_(4)^(+)/CD_(8)^(+)水平低于对照组(P<0.05);乳腺癌不同分期下CD_(8)^(+)水平无统计差异(P>0.05);乳腺癌患者中T_(3)N_(1)M_(0)组GZMB水平高于其余4组(P<0.05),CD_(3)^(+)、CD_(4)^(+)及CD_(4)^(+)/CD_(8)^(+)水平低于其余4组(P<0.05);乳腺癌患者分期越高,GZMB水平越高,CD_(3)^(+)、CD_(4)^(+)及CD_(4)^(+)/CD_(8)^(+)水平越低;Pearson相关性结果表明,乳腺癌患者GZMB水平与CD_(3)^(+)、CD_(4)^(+)及CD_(4)^(+)/CD_(8)^(+)水平呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论:GZMB在乳腺癌患者中呈高表达,其表达水平在不同分期中存在差异,且与T淋巴细胞水平存在相关性,可指导临床诊疗。

伴单克隆B淋巴细胞和单克隆浆细胞增殖的AITL 1例

血管免疫母细胞性T细胞淋巴瘤(angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma,AITL)是一种预后较差的侵袭性淋巴瘤。本文报道1例伴单克隆B淋巴细胞和单克隆浆细胞增殖AITL患者的诊疗经过,以提高对AITL的认识及诊疗水平,从而减少漏诊和误诊。

短链脂肪酸通过抑制白细胞介素17A和NF-κB信号通路减轻γδT细胞介导的炎症反应

目的 探究短链脂肪酸减轻γδT细胞介导炎症反应的作用机制。方法 使用一定浓度的短链脂肪酸干预大鼠肠道来源的γδT细胞,CCK-8检测短链脂肪酸对γδT活性的影响,酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)检测白细胞介素17A(IL-17A)因子含量,实时荧光定量(RT-q PCR)检测IL-17A因子的表达水平,流式细胞仪分析IL-17+γδT细胞的比例,Western blot研究γδT细胞IL-17A和核转录因子κB(NF-κB)信号通路的影响。结果 CCK-8结果提示乙酸钠的浓度≤0.5 mmol/L,丙酸钠、丁酸钠和混合短链脂肪酸的浓度≤0.25 mmol/L对γδT细胞的增殖无抑制作用(P> 0.05);ELISA和RT-q PCR结果显示,丙酸钠、丁酸钠及混合短链脂肪酸处理的γδT细胞IL-17A的含量较Control组均显著降低。流式细胞检测结果示IL-17+γδT细胞的比例在丙酸钠、丁酸钠、混合短链脂肪酸及TSA干预下均明显下降(P <0.001);Western blot检测发现丙酸钠、丁酸钠和混合短链脂肪酸可抑制IL-17A、IKK的表达及NF-κB磷酸化水平(P <0.05)。结论 短链脂肪酸能抑制γδT细胞IL-17A和NF-κB信号通路的激活,从而减轻机体的炎症反应。

超声心动图参数及外周血T淋巴细胞亚群、NF-κB、CD64水平预测新生儿败血症预后的价值

【目的】探讨超声心动图参数及外周血T淋巴细胞亚群、核因子-κB(NF-κB)、簇分化抗原64(CD64)水平预测新生儿败血症预后的价值。【方法】选取2020年1月至2023年2月本院收治的95例新生儿败血症,根据预后情况将其分为存活组(n=80)和死亡组(n=15)。比较两组患儿超声心动图参数[左室短轴缩短率(FS)、升主动脉内径(AAO)、左室射血分数(LVEF)]、心肌损伤标志物[肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)]、T淋巴细胞亚群(CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+))、NF-κB、CD64水平;采用Logistic多因素回归分析新生儿败血症预后不良的相关影响因素;采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析心电图指标及实验室指标预测新生儿败血症预后的临床价值。【结果】两组患儿肌酸激酶CK、CK-MB水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);存活组FS、AAO及LVEF高于死亡组患儿,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患儿CD8^(+)水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);存活组患儿CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)水平高于死亡组,NF-κB、CD64水平低于死亡组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患儿中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);存活组患儿白细胞计数(WBC)低于死亡组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic多因素回归分析显示:FS、LVEF、CD64是影响新生儿败血症预后的相关因素(P<0.05)。FS、LVEF、CD64联合预测新生儿败血症预后的ROC曲线下面积为0.948,明显高于各指标单独预测的0.827、0.895和0.877(P<0.05)。【结论】FS、LVEF联合CD64检测对新生儿败血症预后有良好的预测价值,临床可通过密切监测上述指标及时判断新生儿败血症预后,采取相关干预措施。

龙血素B通过P38MAPK信号通路调控MC3T3-E1成骨分化和骨形成的机制

目的:探究龙血素B对小鼠胚胎成骨细胞前体细胞(MC3T3-E1细胞)成骨分化和骨形成的影响以及其通过P38MAPK信号通路调控成骨分化和骨形成的机制。方法:培养MC3T3-E1细胞,加入不同浓度(0、15、30、60、90、120μmol/L)龙血素B,采用CCK8法和流式细胞术(FCM)检测不同时间(24h、48h、72h)MC3T3-E1细胞增殖能力和凋亡情况,确定龙血素B促MC3T3-E1细胞成骨最佳的药物浓度及作用时间。培养MC3T3-E1细胞并分为空白组(不作干预),龙血素B组(加入龙血素B共培养),龙血素B+阻断剂组(加入龙血素B和P38抑制剂SB203580共培养),进行干预实验;采用碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性检测试剂盒测定各组细胞ALP活性,qRT-PCR法检测各组细胞骨桥蛋白(OPN)基因、骨钙素(OCN)基因、骨唾液蛋白(BSP)基因表达水平,茜素红染色法观察各组细胞骨形成能力。结果:龙血素B可促进MC3T3-E1细胞增殖并抑制其凋亡,效果与浓度和干预时间相关,在90μmol/L浓度下干预48h促MC3T3-E1细胞生长作用最强;干预结束后第1、3、5天,龙血素B组细胞ALP活性较空白组升高,龙血素B+阻断剂组细胞ALP活性较龙血素B组降低(P<0.05);龙血素B组细胞OPN、OCN、BSP基因表达水平较空白组升高,龙血素B+阻断剂组细胞OPN、OCN、BSP基因表达水平较龙血素B组降低(P<0.05);干预结束后第21天,龙血素B组细胞钙化结节区域面积较空白组增大,龙血素B+阻断剂组细胞钙化结节区域面积较龙血素B组减小(P<0.05)。结论:龙血素B可提高MC3T3-E1细胞增殖活性,并通过激活P38MAPK信号通路促进MC3T3-E1细胞成骨分化和骨形成。

非洲猪瘟病毒T、B细胞表位的免疫信息学预测与分析

旨在通过免疫信息学方法预测非洲猪瘟病毒(ASFV)结构蛋白的T、B细胞表位,为非洲猪瘟(ASF)表位疫苗的设计研制提供参考。从NCBI和RCSB数据库获取ASFV蛋白质序列和三维结构,利用IEDB、DTU Health Tech等数据库的生物信息学工具对ASFV的5种结构蛋白p72、p17、p49、M1249L和H240R的细胞毒性T细胞表位、线性B细胞和构象B细胞表位进行鉴定。结果显示:5种蛋白质均为亲水性,二级结构以无规则卷曲为主,仅M1249L例外;预测到抗原性良好、无毒、无致敏的细胞毒性T细胞优势表位27个,线性B细胞优势表位35个;预测到仅针对p72的构象B细胞优势表位2个。结论:ASFV的5种蛋白质可能具有多个潜在T、B细胞表位,其中B细胞表位相对占优,5种蛋白质中p72和M1249L最具疫苗研发前景,可结合蛋白质相关参数信息为构建ASF表位疫苗提供参考。

乙型肝炎相关性肝癌患者T淋巴细胞、白介素-28B及高尔基体蛋白73的表达及临床意义

目的:分析乙型肝炎相关性肝癌患者T淋巴细胞、白介素-28B (IL-28B)及高尔基体蛋白73 (GP73)的表达及临床意义。方法:选取2018年10月—2021年10月商丘市第一人民医院收治的119例乙型肝炎相关性肝癌患者作为观察组,选取同期体检的112例健康人群作为对照组。比较两组研究对象血清IL-28B、GP73及T淋巴细胞水平,分析IL-28B、GP73、T淋巴细胞与病理特征及预后的关系。结果:观察组血清IL-28B、GP73及CD8^(+)表达水平均高于对照组,CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)及CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=148.380、13.155、9.827、9.939、16.367、11.453,P<0.05)。不同年龄、性别、肿瘤直径的乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)相关性肝癌患者血清中IL-28B、GP73水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。有淋巴结转移、TNM分期Ⅲ~Ⅳ期、低分化、有血管浸润者血清中IL-28B、GP73水平高于无淋巴结转移、TNM分期Ⅰ~Ⅱ期、中/高分化、无血管浸润者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。HBV相关性肝癌患者血清中CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)在不同年龄、性别、肿瘤直径中比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)水平在不同淋巴结转移情况、TNM分期、分化程度及血管浸润中比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。死亡者血清GP73、IL-28B水平均高于生存者,CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)指标低于生存者,差异有统计学意义(t=16.629、2.082、9.267,P<0.05)。结论:乙型肝炎相关性肝癌患者血清IL-28B、GP73及CD8^(+)表达水平明显升高,CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)及CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)指标下降,IL-28B、GP73及CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)水平与相关病理特征、预后具有密切的联系。

CAR-T细胞治疗复发难治性弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤1例报告并文献复习

1例复发难治性弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(R/RDLBCL)患者在接受多线治疗后,疾病仍进展,后采用嵌合抗原受体T细胞(CAR-T)治疗。该患者在输注CAR-T细胞后第1天出现3级细胞因子释放综合征,经治疗后缓解,目前处于部分缓解状态。证实CAR-T可被视为治疗R/RDLBCL的有效选择。

系统性红斑狼疮不同疾病时期外周血中ILC、B细胞、T淋巴细胞亚群水平变化及临床意义

目的探讨系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)不同疾病时期外周血中固有淋巴细胞(ILC)、B细胞、T淋巴细胞亚群水平变化及临床意义。方法前瞻性选择2020年1月至2023年1月神木市医院收治的90例SLE患者进行研究(观察组),采用系统性红斑狼疮疾病活动性指数(SLEDAI)评分评价所有SLE患者的病情活动程度,其中活动组(SLEDAI≥5分)32例,非活动组(SLEDAI<5分)58例,并选择同期在我院体检的90例健康者作为对照组。比较观察组与对照组,以及观察组不同疾病活动度患者的外周血ILC1、ILC2、ILC3、记忆B细胞、静止B细胞和CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)的表达水平。采用Pearson相关分析法分析ILC、B细胞、T淋巴细胞亚群水平与疾病活动度的相关性。结果观察组患者的ILC1、记忆B细胞、CD8^(+)水平分别为(20.35±2.51)%、(25.45±6.70)%、(36.20±2.93)%,明显高于对照组的(14.55±1.20)%、(21.79±6.53)%、(31.28±2.74)%,ILC2、ILC3、静止B细胞、CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)水平分别为(10.12±1.34)%、(6.20±1.12)%、(60.23±8.14)%、(30.85±3.30)%、0.81±0.07,明显低于对照组的(42.49±3.48)%、(14.36±2.41)%、(42.05±3.38)%、(42.05±3.38)%、1.53±0.10,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);活动组患者的ILC1、记忆B细胞、CD8^(+)水平分别为(22.40±2.53)%、(32.02±9.12)%、(39.36±3.16)%,明显高于非活动组的(18.64±2.04)%、(26.88±6.45)%、(34.90±2.20)%,ILC2、ILC3、静止B细胞、CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)水平分别为(8.66±0.81)%、(5.73±1.10)%、(56.86±10.42)%、(27.96±3.10)%、0.68±0.05,明显低于非活动组的(19.68±1.85)%、(8.50±1.84)%、(62.03±11.25)%、(34.50±3.62)%、0.98±0.12,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);经Pearson相关分析结果显示,ILC1、记忆B细胞、CD8^(+)水平与疾病活动度均呈正相关(r=0.726、0.549、0.500,P<0.05),LC2、ILC3、静止B细胞、CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)水平与疾病活动度均呈负相关(r=-0.503、-0.715、-0.705、-0.668、-0.734,P<0.05)。结论SLE患者外周血中ILC、B细胞、T淋巴细胞亚群水平与疾病活动度密切相关,对其监测有助于评估疾病进展和制定治疗方案。

复发难治弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤的二线治疗:自体造血干细胞移植或嵌合抗原受体T细胞治疗?

弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)是最常见的侵袭性淋巴瘤亚型。一线规范的治疗后,60%的患者可以实现治愈,但是仍有40%的患者复发或者难治,预后不佳。挽救性化疗联合自体造血干细胞移植(ASCT)是化疗敏感患者的标准二线治疗方案。然而,伴随着新的治疗方式,如嵌合抗原受体T细胞疗法、双特异性抗体、靶向药物等的出现,标准二线治疗方案受到一定的挑战,尤其对于挽救性化疗不够敏感的患者。本文对目前复发难治DLBCL的二线治疗的安全性和疗效及适应证进行综述,以探讨复发难治DLBCL的最佳治疗选择。

Zeste同源物2增强子在桥本甲状腺炎B淋巴细胞亚群中的表达及其抑制剂的治疗机制及效果研究

背景甲状腺自身抗体是诊断桥本甲状腺炎(HT)的标志,B淋巴细胞在HT的发病机制中发挥重要作用。Zeste同源物2增强子(EZH2)是一种表观遗传学蛋白,在淋巴细胞的发育与功能调控中扮演重要角色。目的本研究探讨EZH2在HT甲状腺组浆母细胞及浆细胞中的表达,进一步探讨EZH2抑制剂在实验性自身免疫甲状腺炎(EAT)模型中的治疗作用。方法收集北京大学第一医院2010—2020年6例行甲状腺手术的患者,取肿瘤对侧的甲状腺组织(HT及正常甲状腺组织各3例),通过RNA-seq筛选B淋巴细胞相关基因的表达情况;收集16例HT患者的甲状腺组织和8例健康对照(HD)甲状腺组织,分别利用免疫组化及免疫荧光验证EZH2在HT甲状腺组织中B淋巴细胞中的表达;收集25例HT甲状腺细针穿刺液(FNA)、19例HT外周血以及12例健康人外周血样本应用流式细胞分析检测EZH2在浆母细胞及浆细胞中的表达改变。将15只7周龄NOD.H-2^(h4)小鼠EAT模型分为对照组(n=5)、EAT无注射(n=5)或注射EZH2抑制剂GSK126处理组(10 mg/kg,腹腔注射3次/周,n=5),8周后观察甲状腺炎症程度及甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TgAb)水平的改变。结果RNA-seq结果显示,相较于正常甲状腺组织,HT甲状腺组织中EZH2水平上调,一些与B淋巴细胞表型相关的基因例如CD19、CD27、CD38、CD52相应增加。免疫组化结果显示,16例HT甲状腺组织标本中EZH2免疫组化染色均可在生发中心(GC)见到阳性细胞,呈强阳性,8例正常甲状腺组织染色中未观察到阳性细胞。HT甲状腺组织中EZH2染色高表达在GC区,EZH2特异性地表达在CD_(19)^(+)B淋巴细胞中。流式细胞术检测结果显示HT FNA样本中CD_(19)^(+)B淋巴细胞、浆母细胞及浆细胞比例均高于HD外周血、HT外周血样本(P<0.01),HT FNA样本中EZH2在CD_(19)^(+)B淋巴细胞、浆母细胞中的阳性比例高于HT外周血(P<0.005)。小鼠实验中,EAT组甲状腺的淋巴细胞浸润较对照组增加。GSK126处理组炎症程度评分和TgAb水平高于对照组,低于EAT组(P<0.001)。结论EZH2在HT甲状腺组织CD_(19)^(+)B淋巴细胞中表达异常升高,可能促进了B淋巴细胞分化成浆细胞进而促进自身抗体生成破坏甲状腺,EZH2抑制剂可以减缓EAT模型甲状腺炎症程度。浆母细胞中EZH2表达增加可能参与了HT的发病机制,EZH2可能成为治疗HT的新靶点,相关机制需要进一步深入研究。

结外NK/T细胞淋巴瘤伴B淋巴细胞增生2例的临床病理学研究

目的探讨结外NK/T细胞淋巴瘤(extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma,ENKTL)伴B淋巴细胞增生病例的临床病理学特征。方法收集陕西省人民医院2023年6~9月确诊的2例ENKTL伴B淋巴细胞增生病例,采用HE染色、免疫组织化学和原位杂交EB病毒编码的小RNA(Epstein-barr virus encoded small RNA,EBER)检测,观察其组织学特征、免疫表型及原位杂交EBER检测结果,并进行相关文献复习。结果2例老年男性患者,病变部位均为右侧鼻腔,组织学特征为肿瘤细胞弥漫分布,细胞大中小不等,以中大细胞为主,胞核不规则,胞质淡染或透明,核椭圆形,染色质呈颗粒状,核仁不明显,核分裂象较多见,凝固性坏死及凋亡明显;背景见小淋巴细胞灶状聚集,淋巴滤泡散在分布。免疫组织化学CD2,CD3,CD56,TIA-1和颗粒酶B(GrB)阳性表达;CD20,CD79a和PAX-5局灶阳性表达;CD21,CD23及CD35见残存FDC网;CD5阴性表达;Ki-67增殖指数约30%。原位杂交检测EBER肿瘤细胞阳性。病理诊断:ENKTL伴B淋巴细胞增生。结论结外NK/T细胞淋巴瘤伴B淋巴细胞增生少见,尤其是B淋巴细胞增生形成淋巴滤泡时,经验不足很容易造成诊断困扰,需结合临床表现、组织学形态、免疫表型综合分析和诊断。

慢性HBV感染者外周血可诱导共刺激分子在CD8+ T淋巴细胞的表达及其临床意义

目的 探讨慢性乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染者外周血可诱导共刺激分子(ICOS)在CD8+T淋巴细胞的表达特点及临床意义。方法 选取2017年5月—2018年10月就诊的慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)100例、HBV-肝硬化(LC)25例和HBV-慢加急(或亚急)性肝衰竭(ACLF)26例分别纳入CHB组、HBV-LC组和HBV-ACLF组,健康对照(NC)组35例来自同期门诊体检健康者。采用流式细胞仪检测各组ICOS在CD8+T淋巴细胞的表达情况;分析CD8+T淋巴细胞ICOS表达水平与慢性HBV感染者疾病严重程度、HBV-ACLF预后及并发症的相关性;动态观察HBV-ACLF患者治疗过程中CD8+T淋巴细胞ICOS表达变化。结果 HBV-ACLF组外周血CD8+T淋巴细胞ICOS表达比率及平均荧光强度(MFI)均高于CHB组、HBV-LC组和NC组(P<0.05)。慢性HBV感染者ICOS的MFI与白蛋白、胆碱酯酶、总胆固醇、血红蛋白呈负相关(r=-0.263、-0.269、-0.273、-0.302,P=0.003、0.003、0.011、0.004);与直接胆红素、天冬氨酸转氨酶、凝血酶原时间、国际标准化比值呈正相关(r=0.248、0.208、0.331、0.315,P=0.005、0.020、0.003、0.009);与HBV-DNA、腹水及感染无明显相关性(P>0.05)。治疗过程中,HBV-ACLF患者ICOS的MFI无明显改变。但生存组ICOS的MFI在治疗第1周时较治疗前上升(P<0.05)。结论 HBV-ACLF患者外周血CD8+T淋巴细胞ICOS的表达水平明显升高,并与肝脏合成功能、炎症程度及预后相关,治疗早期ICOS水平变化有助于预测慢性HBV感染者的预后。

HBV相关肝病患者外周血T细胞及细胞因子水平研究

背景乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)相关慢性肝病患者外周血T细胞及细胞因子水平与患者免疫功能状态密切相关,不同疾病程度的HBV相关肝病患者的T细胞、细胞因子水平及与肝病阶段的相关性值得进一步探究.目的探究不同阶段HBV相关慢性肝病患者外周血T细胞亚群计数、细胞因子变化特点及关联性.方法本研究为一项观察性研究,共纳入慢性乙型肝炎(chronic hepatitis B,CHB)患者65例,肝硬化失代偿期(decompensated cirrhosis,DCC)患者122例,肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)患者109例,收集患者一般信息、病史、治疗情况及实验室检查结果、Child-Paugh分级及HCC患者肿瘤巴塞罗那分期,分析各项指标,尤其是T细胞亚群计数及细胞因子的组间差异及特征.结果HBV相关肝硬化、HCC患者外周血CD8^(+)T细胞水平与Child分级A到C呈负相关.HCC患者CD8^(+)T细胞绝对计数显著低于DCC[240(150-379)cells/μLvs 277(154-435)cells/μL,P<0.05]及CHB[240(150-379)cells/μL vs 452(269-706)cells/μL,P<0.001]患者.白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)-6、IL-8、肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor,TNF)-α在HCC组均最高.DCC、HCC患者Child-Paugh分级越差,CD3^(+)、CD8^(+)T细胞水平越低,IL-6水平越高.HCC患者CD3^(+)、CD8^(+)T细胞水平随着肿瘤巴塞罗那分期由A到D呈下降趋势,IL-6呈上升趋势.且肝硬化、HCC患者CD3^(+)(r=-0.340,P<0.001)、CD8^(+)(r=-0.353,P<0.001)T细胞水平与IL-6升高水平呈显著负相关.结论HBV相关肝硬化、HCC患者外周血CD8^(+)T细胞计数与Child分级(由A到C)呈负相关,且IL-6水平与CD8^(+)T细胞计数存在负相关关系.