Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes response in vitro activated by dendritic cells pulsed with heat shock protein 70 derived from human bladder tumor cell lines of EJ

Objective： To investigate whether human dendritic cells （DC） derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMC）, which were pulsed by heat shock protein 70 （HSP70） isolated from human bladder tumor cell lines of E J, were able to induce peptide specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes （CTL） response in vitro and give the experimental foundation for the future clinical trials of immunotherapy in bladder tumor. Methods： The E J-derived HSP70 co-cultured with DC from the healthy volunteers＇ PBMC, along with the crude lysate （the supematant before HSP70 purification） from EJ cells were used as the experimental groups and DC not pulsed by any tumor cells antigen were the blank control. The autologous T-lymphocytes were added into the above various DC groups, and after incubation, the stimulation indexes （SI） and interferon-y （IFN-γ） were detected to evaluate the immune activities of various DC groups. The killing effects of CTL to target cells, EJ and Hela cells, were determined with 51^Cr releasing test. Results： Both DC/HSP70 and DC/the crude lysate could effectively activate CTL in vitro and kill target cells EJ. The killing effect of DC/HSP70 to EJ was much stronger than DC/the crude lysate （the supernatant before HSP70 purification） （P 〈 0.05）. DC without any tumor cell antigens had a lower killing power to EJ. Meanwhile, DC/ HSP70 had little killing power to Hela non-relevant to bladder tumor histopathologically as compared with EJ cells （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion： The DC pulsed by HSP70 derived from the autologous tumor cells could induce a peptide complexes specific CTL response to tumor cells, and the CTL response induced by the DC/HSP70 was stronger, which display the basis of the possible clinical application of DC/HSP70 for bladder tumor.

Analysis of the T-Lymphocytes and Their Subpopu-lations of the Peripheral Blood in Patients with Urticaria

Objective: To study the function of cellular immunity of patients with urticaria. Methods:T-lymphocytes subpopulations of the peripheral Mood ire 60 patients with urticaria and 40 healthy controls were examined by flaw cytometry. Results: The number of CD3+ and CD4+ cells in the urticaria, group were significantly lower than tliose in the control group (P<0. 01) , especially in patients with acute urticaria. Conclusion: There was immunologic dysfunction of T lymphocyte in the patients with urticaria, and not only humoral immunity takes part but also cellular immunity plays a certain role in the pathogenesis of urticaria.

Effect of copper excess on peripheral blood T-lymphocytes in the chicken

Experimental study was conducted to examine the effect of copper excess on the peripheral blood T-lymphocyte by the methods of flow cytometry （FCM） and experimental pathology. 420 one-day-old Avian chickens were randomly divided into seven groups, and fed on diets as follows： 1. controls （Cu 11mg/kg） and 2. copper excess （ Cu 100mg/kg, copper excess group Ⅰ; Cu 200mg/kg, copper excess group Ⅱ; Cu 30（hng/kg, copper excess group Ⅲ; Cu 400mg/kg, copper excess group Ⅳ; Cu 500mg/kg, copper excess group Ⅴ; Cu 600mg/kg, copper excess group VI） for six weeks. The results were as follows- 1 ） In thymus, lymphocytes in the medulla were decreased in number in copper excess groups Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ, and Ⅵ, and the increased and enlarged thymic corpuscles and the proliferated reticular cells were also observed in both copper excess group V and copper excess group VI in comparison with those of control group. 2） The percentage of CD4＋ T cells was markedly decreased from 2 to 6 weeks of age in copper excess groups Ⅳ, Ⅴ and Ⅵ （P 〈0.05 or P 〈0.01）. 3） The percentage of CD8＋ T cell was not varied in six copper excess groups during the experiment when compared with that of control group （ P 〉 0.05 ）. 4） The CD4 ＋ / CD8＋ ratio was lower from 2 to 6 weeks of age in copper excess groups Ⅳ, Ⅴ and VI than in control group （ P 〈0.05 or P 〈0.01）. 5） It was concluded that dietary copper in excess of 300mg / kg suppressed the development of T-lymphocytes and reduced the percentage of CD4＋ T cells and the CD4＋/CD8＋ ratio, and resulted in pathological injury of the thymus. Cellular immune function was finally impaired.

Transcriptome and Proteome Expressions Involved in Insulin Resistance in Muscle and Activated T-Lymphocytes of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

We analyzed the genes expressed （transcriptomes） and the proteins translated （pro- teomes） in muscle tissues and activated CD4^＋ and CD8^＋ T-lymphocytes （T-cells） of five Type 2 diabetes （T2DM） subjects using Affymetrix microarrays and mass spectrometry, and compared them with matched non-diabetic controls. Gene expressions of insulin receptor （INSR）, vitamin D receptor, insulin degrading enzyme, Akt, insulin receptor substrate-1 （IRS-1）, IRS-2, glucose transporter 4 （GLUT4）, and enzymes of the glycolytic pathway were decreased at least 50% in T2DM than in controls. However, there was greater than two-fold gene upregulation of plasma cell glycoprotein-1, tumor necrosis factor a （TNFα）, and gluconeogenic enzymes in T2DM than in controls. The gene silencing for INSR or TNFα resulted in the inhibition or stimulation of GLUT4, respectively. Proteome profiles corresponding to molecular weights of the above translated transcriptomes showed different patterns of changes between T2DM and controls. Meanwhile, changes in transcriptomes and proteomes between muscle and activated T-cells of T2DM were comparable. Activated T-cells, analogous to muscle cells, expressed insulin signaling and glucose metabolism genes and gene products. In conclusion, T-cells and muscle in T2DM exhibited differences in expression of certain genes and gene products relative to non-diabetic controls. These alterations in transcriptomes and proteomes in T2DM may be involved in insulin resistance.

Enhanced interferon-y secretion and antitumor activity of T-lymphocytes activated by dendritic cells loaded with glycoengineered myeloma antigens

Background Immunotherapy is emerging as a promising cure for cancer. However, a severe problem in this area is the immune tolerance to tumor cells and tumor-associated antigens, as evidenced by the ability of cancer to escape immune surveillance. To overcome this problem this work examined the potential of improving the antigenicity of myeloma by metabolic engineering of its cell surface carbohydrate antigens （i.e., glycoengineering） and presentation of the modified tumor antigens by dendritic cells （DCs） to generate cytotoxic T-lymphocytes （CTLs）. Methods CD138^＋ myeloma cells were isolated from 11 multipe myeloma （MM） patients by the immunomagnetic bead method. The MM cells were treated with N-propionyI-D-mannosamine （ManNPr）, a synthetic analog of N-acetyl-D-mannosamine （ManNAc）, the natural biosynthetic precursor of N-acetyl sialic acid （NeuNAc）, to express unnatural N-propionylated sialoglycans. The glycoengineered cells were then induced to apoptosis, and the apoptotic products were added to cultured functional DCs that could present the unnatural carbohydrate antigens to autologous T-lymphocytes. Results It was found that the resultant DCs could activate CD4^＋ and CD8^＋ T-lymphocytes, resulting in increased expression of T cell surface markers, including CD8CD28 and CD4CD29. Moreover, upon stimulation by glycoengineered MM cells, these DC-activated T-lymphocytes could release significantly higher levels of IFN-y （P〈0.05）. Lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） assays further showed that the stimulated T-lymphocytes were cytotoxic to glycoengineered MM cells. Conclusions This work demonstrated that glycoengineered myeloma cells were highly antigenic and the CTLs induced by the DCs loaded with the unnatural myeloma antigens were specifically cytotoxic to the glycoengineered myeloma. This may provide a new strategy for overcoming the problem of immune tolerance for the development of effective immunotherapies for MM.

Detection of CD4^+ T-lymphocytes from hemodialyzed patients by surface plasmon resonance

A surface plasmon resonance （SPR） method was presented to discriminate hemodialyzed T-lymphocytes from the normal based on antibody--cell recognition. By dynamic reaction with fixed anti-human CD4 antibody, SPR could offer significant signals to distinguish hemodialyzed patients from the healthy controls within 200 s after the cell injection in respect of either rising speed or maximum binding capacity （p 〈 0.01）. The ratio method is also used to exclude the non-specific adsorption. The percentage of hemodialyzed patients＇ CD4＋ T ceils against the healthy control is 69 ± 18%. The most attractive of the present method is its ability to detect the intact and label-free lymphocytes, and further to detect the subpopulations, or proteins secreted by the desired lymphocytes subset.

Protein kinase C-δ and -β coordinate flow-induced directionality and deformation of migratory human blood T-lymphocytes

T-tym phocyte migration under flow is critical for immune responses, but the mechanisms by which flow modulates the migratory beha- viors of T-lymphocytes remain unclear. Human peripheral blood T-lymphocytes （PBTLs）, when stimulated with phorboL 12-myristate 13-acetate （PMA）, stretched their ceU bodies dramatically and moved alongthe flow direction. In contrast, stromal ceil-derived factor- lα-stimulated PBTI.s deformed and migrated in a random manner. Here we elucidated the molecular mechanisms underlying flow- induced directionality and deformation of PMA-stimulated PBTLs. PMA primed PBTLs for polarization under flow, with protein kinase C （PKC）-δ enriched in the leading edge, PKC-β1 in the microtubuie organizing center, and PKC-1311 in the uropod and peripheral region. PKC-δ regulated cell protrusions in the leading edge through Tiaml/Racl/caLmoduUn, whereas PKC-β regulated RhoA/Rho- associated kinase activity and microtubule stability to modulate uropod contractility and detachment. Our findings indicate that PKC-δ and -β coordinate in the cell Leading edge and uropod, respectively, to modu｜ate the directionality and deformability of migratory T-Lymphocytes under flow.

A Comparative Study on the Effect of BCG-PSN and Thymopeptides on T-lymphocyte Subsets of Normal and Immunosuppressed Mice

To compare the effects of polysaccharide nucleic acid fraction of bacillus calmette guerin (BCG PSN) and thymopeptides on T lymphocytes of normal and immunosuppressed mice, CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocyte subsets of single nucleic cell in thymus, spleen and peripheral blood were detected successively by flow cytometry after application of BCG PSN and thymopeptides. Meanwhile, CD4 +/CD8 + ratio was also calculated. The results showed that both BCG PSN and thymopeptides could decrease the proportion of CD4 + CD8 + T lymphocyte subsets in the thymus, at the same time increase CD4 + T lymphocyte, CD8 +T lymphocyte proportion in the three tissues. The fluctuation in amplitude was greater in thymopeptides group than that in BCG PSN group. It is concluded that acting location of thymopeptides is in thymus, its stimulating action is stronger than that of BCG PSN, while BCG PSN not only accelerates the differentiation in thymus, but also has some direct stimulation to peripheral CD4 +T lymphocytes, and can maintain CD4 +/CD8 + ratio within normal range. So, BCG PSN is safer.

Distribution of natural killer cells and T-lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood,gallbladder cancer and surrounding tissue

BACKGROUND: The patient with malignant tumor always show immunologic function drawback and ingravescent with tumor development, especially in the aspect of cell-mediated immunity. This study was undertaken to define the relationship between the immune function of local cells and cancer development by investigating the distribution of natural killer (NK) cells and T-lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood, the cancer tissue and the tissue surrounding gallbladder carcinoma. METHODS: The numbers of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-lymphocytes and NK cells were measured by flow cytometry in samples taken from gallbladder cancer tissue, the surrounding tissues and peripheral blood of 38 patients, and compared with the numbers in the peripheral blood and gallbladder tissue of 30 patients with cholecystitis as controls. RESULTS: The numbers of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cells and NK cells in gallbladder cancer tissues were significantly higher than those in the surrounding tissue and gallbladder with gallstone. However, the ratio of CD4(+)/CD8(+) was lower in the cancer tissue than that in the surrounding tissue and tissue from gallbladders with gallstones. The distribution of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cells and NK cells in mucous membrane of cholecystitis gallbladder and that in the tissue surrounding gallbladder cancer were significantly different. CONCLUSIONS: Disproportionate and imbalanced distribution of NK cells and subsets of T-lymphocytes occurs in the mucous membrane proper of gallbladder cancer and surrounding tissue. Although gallbladder cancer tissue has higher expressions of CD4(+), CD8(+) and NK cells, the immune function is low or in an inhibited state. In gallbladder cancer immunization therapy, local cellular immunological function should be enhanced and the protective barrier improved.

Hypertonic saline resuscitation maintains a more balanced profile of T-lymphocyte subpopulations in a rat model of hemorrhagic shock

Objective: To investigate the potential and early effect of hypertonic saline resuscitation on T-lymphocyte sub- populations in rats with hemorrhagic shock. Methods: A model of rat with severe hemorrhagic shock was established in 18 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The rats were randomly divided into Sham group, HTS group (hypertonic saline resuscitation group) and NS group (normal saline resuscitation group). Each group contained 6 rats. The CD4+ and CD8+ subpopulations of T-lymphocytes in peripheral blood were detected respectively before shock and after resuscitation by double antibody labelling and flow cytometry. Results: In the early stage after hemorrhagic shock, fluid resuscitation and emergency treatment, the CD4+ lymphocytes of peripheral blood in HTS and NS groups markedly increased. Small volume resuscitation with HTS also induced peripheral CD8+ lymphocytes to a certain extent, whereas NS resuscitation showed no effect in this respect. Consequently, compared with Sham and HTS groups, CD4+/CD8+ ratio of peripheral blood in NS group was obviously increased, and showed statistically differences. Conclusion: In this model of rat with severe hemorrhagic shock, small volume resuscitation with HTS is more effective than NS in reducing immunologic disorders and promoting a more balanced profile of T-lymphocyte subpopula- tions regulating network.

Effect of viral load on T-lymphocyte failure in patients with chronic hepatitis B

AIM: To investigate peripheral T-lymphocyte sub-population profile and its correlation with hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB).METHODS: Distribution of T-lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood was measured by flow cytometry in 206 CHB patients. HBV markers were detected with ELISA. Serum HBV DNA load was assessed with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The relationship between HBV replication and variation in peripheral T-cell subsets was analyzed.RESULTS: CHB patients had significantly decreased CD3+ and CD4+ cells and CD4+/CD8+ ratio, and increased CD8+ cells compared with uninfected controls (55.44 ± 12.39 vs 71.07 ± 4.76, 30.92 ± 7.48 vs 38.94 ± 3.39, 1.01 ± 0.49 vs 1.67 ± 0.33, and 34.39 ± 9.22 vs 24.02 ± 4.35; P < 0.001, respectively). Univariate analysis showed a similar pattern of these parameters was significantly associated with high viral load, presence of serum hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) expression, liver disease severity, history of maternal HBV infection, and young age at HBV infection, all with P < 0.01. There was a significant linear relationship between viral load and these parameters of T-lymphocyte subpopulations (linear trend test P < 0.001). There was a negative correlation between the levels of CD3+ and CD4+ cells and CD4+/CD8+ ratio and serum level of viral load in CHB patients (r = -0.68, -0.65 and -0.75, all P < 0.0001), and a positive correlation between CD8+ cells and viral load (r = 0.70, P < 0.0001). There was a significant decreasing trend in CD3+ and CD4+ cells and CD4+/CD8+ ratio with increasing severity of hepatocyte damage and decreasing age at HBV infection (linear trend test P < 0.01). In multiple regression (after adjustment for age at HBV infection, maternal HBV infection status and hepatocyte damage severity) log copies of HBV DNA maintained a highly significant predictive coefficient on T-lymphocyte subpopulations, and was the strongest predictor of variation in CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ cells and CD4+/CD8+ ratio. However, the effect of HBeAg was not significant.CONCLUSION: T-lymphocyte failure was signifi-cantly associated with viral replication level. The substantial linear dose-response relationship and strong independent predictive effect of viral load on T-lymphocyte subpopulations suggests the possibility of a causal relationship between them, and indicates the importance of viral load in the pathogenesis of T cell hyporesponsiveness in these patients.

Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to chronic hepatitis B

AIM： To assess the three polymorphJsm regions within cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 （CTLA-4） gene, a C/T base exchange in the promoter region-318 （CTLA-4 -318C/T）, an A/G substitution in the exon 1 position 49 （CTLA-4 49A/G）, a T/C substitution in 1172 （CTLA-4 -1172T/C） in patients with chronic hepatitis B. METHODS： Fifty-one patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection and 150 healthy subjects were recruited sequentially as they presented to the hepatic clinic. Classification of chronic hepatitis B virus （HBV）-infected patients was as asymptomatic carrier state （26 patients） and chronic hepatitis B （25 patients）. Genomic DNA was isolated from anti-coagulated peripheral blood Bully coat using Miller＇s salting-out method. The presence of the CTLA-4 gene polymorphisms was determined using polymerase chain reaction amplification refractory mutation system （ARMS）. RESULTS： We observed a significant association between -318 genotypes frequency （T＋C-, T＋C＋, T-C＋） and susceptibility to chronic hepatitis B （P=0.012, OR=0.49, 95%CI： 0.206-1.162）. However, we did not observe a significant association for ＋49 genotype frequency （T＋C＋, T＋C- T-C＋） and -1172 genotype frequency （C＋T＋, T＋C- C＋T-） and state of disease. CONCLUSION： Our results suggest that CTLA-4 gene polymorphisms may partially be involved in the susceptibility to chronic hepatitis B.

Hepatitis B virus DNA is more powerful than HBeAg in predicting peripheral T-lymphocyte subpopulations in chronic HBV-infected individuals with normal liver function tests

AIM:To investigate the peripheral T-lymphocyte subpopulation profile,and its correlations with hepatitis B virus(HBV) replication level in chronic HBV-infected(CHI) individuals with normal liver function tests(LFTs) . METHODS:Frequencies of T-lymphocyte subpopu-lations in peripheral blood were measured by flow cytometry in 216 CHI individuals. HBV markers were detected with ELISA. Serum HBV DNA load was assessed with quantitative real-time PCR. Information of age at HBV infection,and maternal HBV infection status was collected. ANOVA linear trend test and linear regression were used in statistical analysis. RESULTS:CHI individuals had significantly decreased relative frequencies of CD3+,CD4+ subpopulationsand CD4+/CD8+ ratio,and increased CD8+ subset percentage compared with uninfected individuals(all P < 0.001) . There was a significant linear relationship between the load of HBV DNA and the parameters of T-lymphocyte subpopulations(ANOVA linear trend test P < 0.01) . The parameters were also significantly worse among individuals whose mothers were known to be HBV carriers,and those having gained infection before the age of 8 years. In multiple regressions,after adjustment for age at HBV infection and status of maternal HBV infection,log copies of HBV DNA maintained its highly significant predictive coefficient on T-lymphocyte subpopulations,whereas the effect of HBeAg was not significant. CONCLUSION:HBV DNA correlates with modification in the relative T-lymphocyte subpopulation frequencies. High viral load is more powerful than HBeAg in predicting the impaired balance of T-cell subsets.

外周血CD8^(+)T淋巴细胞亚群检测对过敏性鼻炎临床疗效的评估价值

目的探讨外周血CD8^(+)T淋巴细胞亚群检测对过敏性鼻炎(AR)临床疗效的评估价值。方法前瞻性选取2021年3月~2022年2月温州市中西医结合医院耳鼻咽喉科门诊治疗的120例AR患者和40例健康志愿者,分别设为研究组和对照组,比较两组外周血CD8^(+)T细胞、CD8^(+)CD28^(+)T细胞、CD8^(+)CD28-T细胞比率;研究组接受鼻用激素联合口服抗组胺药物治疗方案,根据治疗效果分为有效组(n=107)和无效组(n=13),比较有效组和无效组治疗前CD8^(+)T细胞、CD8^(+)CD28^(+)T细胞、CD8^(+)CD28-T细胞比率;Pearson相关性分析法分析外周血CD8^(+)T淋巴细胞亚群水平与鼻部症状总评分(totalnose symptomscore,TNSS)的相关性;以受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析治疗前CD8^(+)T淋巴细胞亚群对AR临床疗效的预测价值。结果研究组治疗前外周血CD8^(+)CD28^(+)T细胞比率高于对照组,CD8^(+)CD28-T细胞比率低于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组总有效率为89.17%;有效组治疗前CD8^(+)CD28^(+)T细胞比率低于无效组,CD8^(+)CD28-T细胞比率高于无效组(P<0.05);Pearson相关性分析显示,CD8^(+)CD28^(+)T细胞比率与TNSS评分呈正相关(r=0.324,P=0.006),CD8^(+)CD28-T细胞比率与TNSS评分呈负相关(r=-0.541,P=0.000)。ROC曲线结果显示,CD8^(+)T细胞、CD8^(+)CD28^(+)T细胞、CD8^(+)CD28-T细胞比率评估AR治疗无效的曲线下面积(AUC)(95%CI)分别为0.647(0.555~0.732)、0.683(0.592~0.765)、0.911(0.845~0.955),其中CD8^(+)CD28-T细胞的评估效能优于CD8^(+)T细胞、CD8^(+)CD28^(+)T细胞比率(P<0.05)。结论AR患者外周血CD8^(+)CD28^(+)T细胞比率升高,CD8^(+)CD28-T细胞比率降低,CD8^(+)T细胞比率相对稳定,治疗前CD8^(+)CD28-T细胞比率可作为预测AR患者的临床疗效的参考指标。

Effects of Intraoperative Administration of Dexmedetomidine on the Percentage of T-Lymphocyte Subsets and Natural Killer Cells in Patients with Colorectal Cancer

Study Objective: To observe the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on T-lymphocyte subsets and natural killer (NK) cells in the peripheral blood of perioperative patients with colorectal cancer. Design: A random double-blind control clinical study. Setting: A university hospital. Patients: Forty patients with colorectal cancer, ASA I-П. Interventions: All patients were randomly divided into a DEX group (n = 20) and a control group (n = 20). Before induction of anesthesia, epidural catheters were placed in the L1-L2 or T12-L1 intervertebral spaces. The DEX group received 1 μg/kg of DEX (200 μg/50 ml) intravenously for 15 min prior to the surgery, which was then infused at a rate of 0.5 μg/kg/h until 30 min before the end of the surgery. The control group received an intravenous infusion of saline (50 ml) instead of DEX during the same periods as the DEX group. All patients received routine anesthesia and postoperative analgesia. Measurements: Blood samples from all patients were collected at the following time points: before anesthesia (T0), 24 h after surgery (T1), 48 h after surgery (T2) and 72 h after surgery (T3). Changes in T-lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+) and NK cells were determined by flow cytometry. Main Results: Compared with the control group, the percentages of CD3+ and CD4+ cells and the CD4+/CD8+ ratio in the DEX group increased significantly from T1 to T3

No association of the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated gene CTLA4 +49A/G polymorphisms with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis in Hungarian population samples

AIM： The goal of the current work was to analyse the prevalence of the ＋49A/G variant of the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 gene （CTLA4） in Hungarian patients with Crohn＇s disease （CD） and ulcerative colitis （UC）. METHODS： A total of 130 unrelated subjects with CD and 150 with UC, and 170 matched controls were genotyped for the single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP）. The genotypes were determined by using PCR/RFLP test. RESULTS： The G allele frequency and the prevalence of the GG genotype were 38.1% and 12.3% in the CD group, 40.6% and 18.6% in the UC patients, and 37.4% and 15.9% in the control group, respectively. CONCLUSION： The results of the current study show that carriage of the ＋49G SNP in heterozygous or in homozygous form does not confer risk either for CD or for UC in the Hungarian population.

Effect of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4,TNF-alpha polymorphisms on osteosarcoma: evidences from a meta-analysis

Objective： Previous studies have investigated the role of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 （CTLA-4） and tumor necrosis factor-alpha （TNF-a） in carcinogenesis of osteosarcoma, but their results were inconsistent. We aimed to clarify the associations between CTLA-4, TNF-a polymorphism and osteosarcoma risk by using meta-analysis. Methods： We searched relevant studies without language restriction in PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar databases, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI） and conference literature in humans published prior to March 2013. The strengths of the associations between genetic variants and osteosarcoma risk were estimated by odds ratio （OR） with 95% confidence interval （95% CI）. Results： A total of seven studies with 1,198 osteosarcoma patients and 1,493 controls were selected. Four studies were eligible for CTLA-4 （1,003 osteosarcoma and 1,162 controls）, and three studies for TNF-a （195 osteosarcoma and 331 controls）. Pooled results showed that rs231775 polymorphism of CTLA-4 was associated with osteosarcoma risk （GG vs. AA： OR=1.63, 95% CI=1.24-2.13; GG ＋ GA vs. AA： OR=1.56, 95% CI=1.21-2.01; AA ＋ GA vs. GG： OR=0.83, 95% CI=0.71-0.97; G vs. A： OR=1.21, 95% CI=1.08-1.36）. No significant heterogeneity was observed across the studies. No significant associations were found between rs5742909 polymorphism of CTLA-4 or rs1800629 polymorphism of TNF-a and osteosarcoma risk. Conclusions： These results suggest that the rs231775 polymorphism of CTLA-4 may play an important role in carcinogenesis of osteosarcoma.

SERUM HAPTOGLOBIN SUPPRESSES T-LYMPHOCYTE FUNCTIONS FOLLOWING BURNS

It is well known that serum immunosuppressive factors play an important role in the mechanism of postburn immunosuppression.This study was intended to investigate the effect of haptoglobin, purified from the serum of burned patients by affinity chromatography,on the proliferation and interleukin-2(IL-2) secretion of normal murine thymocytes induced by ConA and the proliferation of IL-2 dependent cell line(CTLL-2) stimulated by recombinant human IL-2,so as to elucidate the role of serum haptoglobin in postburn T-lymphocyte dysfunction.The results showed that purified haptoglobin,at the level equivalent to the concentration found in serum of burned patients,significantly inhibited the proliferation and IL-2 secretion of normal murine thymocytes as well as CTLL-2 proliferation;whereas it exhibited no immunosuppressive effects at the level equivalent to the concentration found in serum of nomal volunteers.According to the results reported here,it is suggested that extraordinary increase in serum haptoglobin level may be an important factor of impaired T-lymphocyte responses following burns.

The function of T-lymphocyte subtypes of blood in patients with hyper-IgE syndrome

Objective: To study the function in cellular immunity of patients with hyper-IgE syndrome (HIE). Methods: T-lymphocyte subtypes of the peripheral blood and cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to two recall antigens, tetanus toxoid (TT) and purified protein derivative(PPD), were measured in 5 patients with HIE and 15 healthy controls, respectively. Results: The CD4 + cell counts in HIE group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.01). In contrast, CD8 + cells were significantly higher in HIE group than those in the controls. The induration sizes of DTH to two recall antigens were smaller in HIE group than those in controls (P<0.01). Conclusion: There is an immunologic dysfunction of T lymphocytes in the patients with HIE and T cells play an important role in the pathogenesis.