A new centrality measure based on neighbor loop structure for network dismantling

Nearly all real-world networks are complex networks and usually are in danger of collapse.Therefore,it is crucial to exploit and understand the mechanisms of network attacks and provide better protection for network functionalities.Network dismantling aims to find the smallest set of nodes such that after their removal the network is broken into connected components of sub-extensive size.To overcome the limitations and drawbacks of existing network dismantling methods,this paper focuses on network dismantling problem and proposes a neighbor-loop structure based centrality metric,NL,which achieves a balance between computational efficiency and evaluation accuracy.In addition,we design a novel method combining NL-based nodes-removing,greedy tree-breaking and reinsertion.Moreover,we compare five baseline methods with our algorithm on ten widely used real-world networks and three types of model networks including Erd€os-Renyi random networks,Watts-Strogatz smallworld networks and Barabasi-Albert scale-free networks with different network generation parameters.Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms most peer methods by obtaining a minimal set of targeted attack nodes.Furthermore,the insights gained from this study may be of assistance to future practical research into real-world networks.

Simulation and optimization of scrap wagon dismantling system based on Plant Simulation

Based on the existing plant layout and process flow,a simulation analysis was conducted using the Plant Simulation platform with the utilization efficiency of each station and production capacity of the dismantling system as indicators.A problem with long-term suspension in the disassembly process was determined.Based on the two optimization directions of increasing material transportation equipment and expanding the buffer capacity,a cost-oriented optimization model is established.A genetic algorithm and model simulation were used to solve the model.An optimization scheme that satisfies the production needs and has the lowest cost is proposed.The results show that the optimized dismantling system solves the suspended work problem at the dismantling station and a significant improvement in productivity and station utilization efficiency compared with the previous system.

Effects of Environmental Lead Pollution on Blood Lead and Sex Hormone Levels among Occupationally Exposed Group in An E-waste Dismantling Area

Objective To study the effects of environmental multi-media lead pollution on blood lead and sex hormone levels among lead exposed males engaged in E-waste dismantling, and the correlation between confounding factors and sex hormone levels. Methods An E-waste dismantling area in Taizhou of Zhejiang Province was selected as the research site. One hundred and fifty two samples were collected from the groundwater, soil, rice, corn, chicken, and pork in the dismantling area. The effects of the multi-media lead pollution on the male blood lead and sex hormone levels of FSH, LH, and T, as well as the correlation with confounding factors, were studied. Results The blood lead concentrations in the males aged under 31, from 31 to 45 and from 46 to 60 were 98.55, 100.23, and 101.45 I~/L, respectively. Of all the environmental media lead exposures, the groundwater, rice and soil were main contributing factors to the lead accumulation in humans. FSH and LH levels increased with the age while the T levels decreased with the age instead. There was a significant correlation between the FSH and LH levels and wearing masks. Conclusion There was correlation between the FSH, LH, and T levels, and the mean values of lead concentrations in environmental media, and the sex hormone levels were correlated with the confounding factor of wearing masks.

Health Risks Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in the Soil-Crop System from an E-Waste Dismantling Area

Soil is an essential resource for agricultural production.In order to investigate the pollution situation of heavy metals in the soil-crop system in the e-waste dismantling area,the crop and soil samples(226 pairs,including leaf vegetables,solanaceous vegetables,root vegetables,and fruits)around the e-waste dismantling area in southeastern Zhejiang Province were collected.The concentrations of Cd,Cu,Pb,and Cr were determined.The average concentrations of Cd,Cu,Pb,and Cr in soils were 0.94,107.79,80.28,and 78.14 mg kg-1,respectively,and their corresponding concentrations in crops were 0.024,0.7,0.041,and 0.06 mg kg-1,respectively.The transfer capacity of leaf vegetables was significantly higher than that of non-leaf vegetables,and the accumulation of four heavy metals in crops tended to be Cd>Cu>Cr/Pb.The pollution index’s results revealed that the soil pollution degree under different land uses ranked as root vegetables soil>leaf vegetables soil>solanaceous vegetables soil>fruit soil.The carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of heavy metal exposure were ranked as food intake>accidental ingestion>dermal contact>inhalation.The comprehensive non-carcinogenic risk was ranked as Cr>Cd>Pb/Cu.Our results could be used to provide useful information for further crop cultivation layout in the study area,which can guarantee the local residents’health and food safety.

Cutting Techniques for Facilities Dismantling in Decommissioning Projects

Fuel cycle related activities were accomplished in IPEN-CNEN/SP in laboratory and pilot plant scale and most facilities were built in the 70-80 years. Nevertheless, radical changes of the Brazilian nuclear policy in the beginning of 90＇s determined the interruption of several fuel cycle activities and facilities shutdown. Some laboratory and pilot plant decommissioning activities have been performed in IPEN in the last years. During the operational activities in the decommissioning of old nuclear fuel cycle facilities, the personnel involved in the task had to face several problems. In old facilities, the need of large components dismantling and material removal use to present some difficulties, such as lack of available and near electricity supply. Besides this, the spread out of the superficial contamination in the form of dust or aerosols and the exposure of workers should be as much as possible avoided. Then, the selection and availability of suitable tools for the task, mainly those employed for cutting and segmentation of different materials is of significant importance. Slight hand tools, mainly those powered by rechargeable batteries, facilitate the work, especially in areas where the access is difficult. Based on the experience in the dismantling of some old nuclear facilities of IPEN-CNEN/SP, some tools that would have facilitated the operations were identified and their availability could have improved the quality and efficiency of different individual tasks. In this paper, different cutting problems and techniques, as well as some available commercial hand tools, are presented as suggestion for future activities.

Decommissioning of Uranium Pilot Plants at IPEN-CNEN/SP： Facilities Dismantling, Decontamination and Reuse as New Laboratories for Strategic Programs

From beginning of 90＇s, the Brazilian nuclear policy has been changed radically. This determined the interruption of most R＆D fuel cycle activities and the facilities shutdown at Nuclear and Energetic Research Institute （IPEN）. The existence of those facilities also implicated in the need of constant surveillance, representing additional obligations, costs and problems. The reasons to promote the dismantling of the IPEN＇s Nuclear Fuel Cycle Pilot Plants elapsed mainly from the need of physical space for new activities, since the R＆D in the nuclear fuel cycle area were interrupted. In the last decade, IPEN has changed its ＂nuclear profile＂ to a ＂comprehensive and multidisciplinary profile＂. With the end of most nuclear fuel cycle activities, the former facilities were distributed in four different centers. Each center has adopted a different strategy and priority to face the D＆D problem. The available resources depend on the specific program in each area＇s development （resources available from other sources, not only from Brazilian National Nuclear Energy Commission （CNEN）. One of those new activities is the IPEN＇s Environmental Program. This paper describes the procedures, problems faced and results related to the reintegration of the former pilot plant areas as new laboratories of the Chemical and Environmental Technology Center-CQMA of the IPEN.

Design of Dismantling and Recycling Equipment for Junction Boxes of Waste Crystal Silicon Photovoltaic Modules

The dismantling and recycling of junction boxes,which is an important part of the photovoltaic module recycling process,was tested and designed scientifically.The equipment framework was built by three-dimensional simulation,and then the design of dismantling and recycling equipment for junction boxes of waste crystal silicon photovoltaic modules was completed through the experimental test and data analysis.The experimental results show that the initial idea of the dismantling scheme is correct,and the structure is feasible.However,some problems were not considered.This study provides reliable data support for the subsequent equipment development and ensures the smooth development of the subsequent design work.

Dismantling Auto Monopoly

DENG Ouya, a Chinese Canadian who works as an IT engineer in Montreal, has nurtured an en- thusiasm for cars since he was a student. ＂1 bought my Mercedes-Benz GLK 350 at the price of 50,000 Canadian dollars （$45.800） when migrating to Canada, but the price for the same model assem- bled in China is 450,000 yuan （$73,100） or so in the Chinese market,＂ Deng told ChinAfrica, Moreover, the prices of auto parts can be as astoundingly expensive as those of finished cars in the Chinese market. This inequality largely owes to the monopolistic position of foreign carmakers.

Prediction of External Exposure during Dismantling of Steam Generator

The decommissioning of nuclear power plants is in the Slovak Republic an actual issue. In 2015 started the second decommissioning stage of nuclear power plant V1 in Jaslovské Bohunice. This stage involves the dismantling and segmentation of activated (reactor pressure vessel, reactor internals) and contaminated parts (steam generators, pressurizer). From this reason it is necessary to investigate the radiation situation in the vicinity of the component to be cut. The presented results show that during remote dismantling the exposure is small (compared with the fragmentation tasks). Moreover, when the pre-dismantling decontamination with decontamination factor of 100 is applied, the total collective effective dose is below the yearly limit of 20 mSv for workers.

Dismantling of Display Items(Ⅰ)

Miss Bernat comes to Mr. Wang’s booth on the last day of exhibition. She expresses her appreciation of Mr. Wang’s products. At the same time, gives her own suggestions.

一种新型预制装配式免拆模板设计与开发

为克服传统建筑模板施工质量不高、工序多、周转率低和现场环境乱等质量缺陷,在总结现有免拆模板的基础上设计、开发了一种可实现装饰装修一体化的新型预制装配式免拆模板。本文介绍了新型装配式免拆模板的基本构造及施工要点,为新型装配式免拆模板的推广应用提供一定的借鉴和参考。

基于SolidWorks的装载机专用轮胎拆装机械手有限元分析及优化设计

以5 t装载机23.5-25规格轮胎为研究对象,利用SolidWorks软件建立了轮胎拆装机械手初始三维模型,并通过SolidWorks Simulation对夹爪和悬臂部分进行负载模拟仿真与应力静态分析。依据有限元分析结果对机械手初始三维模型进行结构优化和可靠性验证,通过增加肋板和加强筋减小了悬臂端部的形变,避免了悬臂容易发生弯曲断裂的问题,同时兼顾了因机械手自重增加而导致的成本升高问题。经过优化的机械手三维模型具有经济性、安全性和可视性等优点,为有效预防机械手工作过程的失效及提高生产率提供了有益借鉴。

暗挖车站内盾构脱壳解体接收技术研究

盾构法施工速度快、安全性高,成为城市地铁施工的主要手段,但城区地面环境复杂,一般无法为盾构提供接收条件,因此多采取站内或洞内盾构解体接收。暗挖车站内空间封闭、施工受限,针对暗挖车站内盾构脱壳解体接收技术做了研究;提出当确定解体接收盾构时,应在车站施工阶段将下沉段和中板吊装孔洞规划在内,并提前在洞门上方车站中板结构处做注浆加固,防止出现注浆死角;下沉段长度宜设置为0.5~1倍盾体长度;且洞内解体方案优于站内解体;通过方案比选,提出将部分盾尾留置在洞内的拆机方案优于将盾尾全部脱出或全部留置方案。

暗挖扩大端内弃壳解体接收盾构关键技术研究

使用盾构法在城市中心修建地铁时,常面临地面空间不足,无法提供充足的工程场地进行常规盾构接收的问题,因此在预接收地点修建暗挖横通道+暗挖扩大端的辅助结构,进行盾构解体接收成为主流方案,但暗挖扩大端的修建尺寸并无清晰参考。以北京地铁19号线为例,分析了暗挖扩大端宽度和高度的设计问题,并针对弃壳接收和部分弃壳两种方案,对暗挖扩大端的最小设计尺寸做了规定,即高度应包含开挖垫层、盾构直径和吊装空间三部分,其中吊装空间至少应为1.5~2m;当采用弃壳接收时,暗挖扩大端宽度与刀盘直径和刀盘分块暂存方式有关。提出了一种新的适用于暗挖扩大端内狭小场地的刀盘拆解方案,能够显著减小占地面积,同时设计了一种适用于洞内拆解主驱动的专用滑移辅助工装,提高了拆解过程的安全性。

基于KD-ICP算法的机器人拆解目标三维点云配准方法

随着中国核能产业发展,大量在役涉核装置运行过程中出现的事故和隐患需要通过涉核机器人进行远程处置,部分事故处置需对出险装置进行精确拆解,基于三维重建视觉图像定位是其关键技术之一。针对核应急事故中待拆解目标的精确重建,开展三维点云配准方法研究,在配准算法总体流程基础上设计出三维点云配准算法,利用高斯滤波进行点云数据去噪,提出一种兼顾点云信息完整性和算法效率的K维迭代最近点(K-dimensional iterative closest points,KD-ICP)算法,利用点快速特征直方图(fast point feature histograms,FPFH)和主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)实现特征点提取并降低点云数据量,使用全等四点集(4-points congruent sets,4PCS)进行点云粗配准,采用KD-ICP算法实现点云精配准。在所搭建的拆解机器人试验平台上,针对管、板及涉核装置模拟体等测试对象,对所提出的配准算法进行试验分析与评价,与其他3种常规算法的对比试验表明,所提出的点云算法在相同的条件下均方根误差最小,运行时间最短,具有更高的点云配准效率及较好的鲁棒性,为复杂拆解目标的三维重建及精确定位奠定了基础。

超高层建筑工程内爬塔式起重机附着提升拆除关键技术

内爬塔式起重机是适用于超高层建筑的一种大型设备,本研究介绍了内爬塔结构系统构造及爬升流程,通过设置支撑梁承受结构重力和塔式起重机设计荷载、设置液压油缸和内爬框架进行顶升操作,完成内爬塔结构提升。以小塔拆大塔为塔式起重机拆除原则,设计了两次屋面吊拆除过程,保障拆除工期和屋面结构安全。建立了支撑梁和内爬框架的三维实体有限元计算模型,优化支撑梁系统设计,得到了支撑梁和内爬框架在满载支撑状态下的应力和位移计算结果。结果表明,支撑系统安全可靠。

田湾核电站堆顶电缆拆装工具的设计与应用

针对田湾核电站1~4号机组反应堆堆顶电缆大修维护仅能通过人力进行拆装且存在所需人力多、耗时长、效率低等问题,为提高设备检修效率,实现设备维护自动化,从实际使用需求出发,通过结构设计、电气设计以及设计计算对堆顶电缆拆装工具进行设计,并在现场验证其高效可用性。

高贝利特硫铝酸盐水泥在免拆钢筋桁架楼承板中的应用

装配式叠合楼板是由预制混凝土底板和现浇钢筋混凝土层叠合而成的装配整体式楼板。对比分析了装配式叠合楼板、钢质楼承板、纤维水泥板楼承板、细石混凝土免拆钢筋桁架楼承板的生产工艺与性能特点。重点分析了采用高贝利特硫铝酸盐水泥制作的细石混凝土免拆钢筋桁架楼承板的工艺特点及性能。高贝利特硫铝酸盐水泥细石混凝土底板吊装速度快、脱模时间短、低温免蒸养、免拆模;底板密度较小、收缩变形量小、抗压强度高、吸水率小、跨度大。

新型塔式起重机安装拆卸仿真系统的设计

塔式起重机属于塔身安装动臂的一种旋转起重机,通常承担的是运输工程建设材料和运输安装构建等工作,由于运输量比较大,而且存在较大的作业空间,所以被广泛用于工程建设项目中。但因为塔式起重机安装和拆卸频繁发生安全事故,直接影响到施工现场安全性。开发设计新型塔式起重机安装拆卸三维仿真系统,结果显示,研究组仿真系统的响应时间均值是0.39 s,而对照组则为1.53 s,研究组用户满意度占比97.5%,而对照组仅为73.0%,由此可见,该研究所设计仿真系统具有更短的响应时间和更高的用户满意度,能够为建筑工程安全施工提供保障。

废旧锂电池外壳拆解设备研究设计

针对废旧锂电池数量的急剧上升带来的人工拆解外壳危害身体的问题,文中设计了一款全自动负压拆解废旧锂电池外壳设备,完成了机械结构系统、核心部件的选型分析设计与力学仿真、回收装置的流体仿真、SCARA机器人模型仿真与轨迹规划和整体设备的控制系统动作流程设计。通过对拆解设备的自动化控制,实现对废旧锂电池外壳的拆解回收。