Association between Helicobacter pylori infection,mismatch repair,HER2 and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in gastric cancer

BACKGROUND The influence of Helicobacter-pylori(H.pylori)infection and the characteristics of gastric cancer(GC)on tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte(TIL)levels has not been extensively studied.Analysis of infiltrating-immune-cell subtypes as well as survival is necessary to obtain comprehensive information.AIM To determine the rates of deficient mismatch-repair(dMMR),HER2-status and H.pylori infection and their association with TIL levels in GC.METHODS Samples from 503 resected GC tumors were included and TIL levels were evaluated following the international-TILs-working-group recommendations with assessment of the intratumoral(IT),stromal(ST)and invasive-border(IB)compartments.The density of CD3,CD8 and CD163 immune cells,and dMMR and HER2-status were determined by immunohistochemistry(IHC).H.pylori infection was evaluated by routine histology and quantitative PCR(qPCR)in a subset of samples.RESULTS dMMR was found in 34.4%,HER2+in 5%and H.pylori-positive in 55.7%of samples.High IT-TIL was associated with grade-3(P=0.038),while ST-TIL with grade-1(P<0.001),intestinal-histology(P<0.001)and no-recurrence(P=0.003).dMMR was associated with high TIL levels in the ST(P=0.019)and IB(P=0.01)compartments,and STCD3(P=0.049)and ST-CD8(P=0.05)densities.HER2-was associated with high IT-CD8(P=0.009).H.pylorinegative was associated with high IT-TIL levels(P=0.009)when assessed by routine-histology,and with high TIL levels in the 3 compartments(P=0.002-0.047)and CD8 density in the IT and ST compartments(P=0.001)when assessed by qPCR.A longer overall survival was associated with low IT-CD163(P=0.003)and CD8/CD3(P=0.001 in IT and P=0.002 in ST)and high IT-CD3(P=0.021),ST-CD3(P=0.003)and CD3/CD163(P=0.002).CONCLUSION TIL levels were related to dMMR and H.pylori-negativity.Low CD8/CD3 and high CD163/CD3 were associated with lower recurrence and longer survival.

Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in gastric cancer:Unraveling complex interactions for precision medicine

This editorial will focus on tumor immunity and the factors that alter the tumor immune micro-environment.The role of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes(TILs)will also be discussed in detail,including the types,mechanism of action,and role.Gastric cancer(GC)often presents in the advanced stage and has various factors predicting the outcomes.The interplay of these factors and their correlation with the TILs is discussed.A literature review revealed high intratumoral TILs associated with higher grade,HER2-,and Helicobacter pylori negativity.Moreover,stromal(ST)TILs correlated with lower grade and lesser recurrence risk in GC.High TILs in ST and invasive border also correlated with mismatch repair deficiency status.Further characterization of the CD3+,CD8+,and other cells is also warranted.In the future,this complex correlation of cancer cells with the immune system can be explored for therapeutic avenues.

Role of lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio as a predictive marker for diabetic coronary artery disease: A cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND The lymphocyte to monocyte ratio(LMR)is considered a marker of systemic inflammation in cardiovascular disease and acts as predictor of mortality in coronary artery disease.AIM To investigate the predictive role of LMR in diabetic coronary artery disease patients.METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted at tertiary care super-specialty hospital at New Delhi,India.A total of 200 angiography-proven coronary artery disease(CAD)patients were enrolled and grouped into two categories:Group I[CAD patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c)levels≥6.5%],and Group II(CAD patients without T2DM and HbA1c levels<6.5%).Serum lipoproteins,HbA1c,and complete blood count of enrolled patients were analyzed using fully automatic analyzers.RESULTS The logistic regression analysis showed an odds ratio of 1.48(95%CI:1.28-1.72,P<0.05)for diabetic coronary artery disease patients(Group I)in unadjusted model.After adjusting for age,gender,diet,smoking,and hypertension history,the odds ratio increased to 1.49(95%CI:1.29-1.74,P<0.01)in close association with LMR.Further adjustment for high cholesterol and triglycerides yielded the same odds ratio of 1.49(95%CI:1.27-1.75,P<0.01).Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed 74%sensitivity,64%specificity,and 0.74 area under the curve(95%CI:0.67-0.80,P<0.001),suggesting moderate predictive accuracy for diabetic CAD patients.CONCLUSION LMR showed positive association with diabetic coronary artery disease,with moderate predictive accuracy.These findings have implications for improving CAD management in diabetics,necessitating further research and targeted interventions.

2型固有淋巴细胞及相关因子在多发性骨髓瘤患者中的研究

目的研究多发性骨髓瘤(MM)患者外周血中2型固有淋巴细胞(ILC2s)水平及相关因子表达的变化特点。方法选取2021年1月—2022年6月在新疆医科大学第一附属医院60例初次诊断为MM的患者和40例健康人群为研究对象。流式细胞术检测ILC2s细胞比例及杀伤细胞凝集素样受体G1(KLRG1)的表达,实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(q RT-PCR)检测相关因子GATA-3、ST2、IL-5、IL-13、IL-7RB mRNA相对表达量。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,分析各指标对疗效的预测价值。结果初诊MM患者的外周血单个核细胞中ILC2s细胞的比例、ILC2s细胞上KLRG1的表达及GATA-3、ST2、IL-5、IL-13 mRNA相对表达量较健康人群均上升(P<0.05),且ILC2s细胞比例与ILC2s细胞上KLRG1表达及GATA-3、ST2、IL-5、IL-13 mRNA呈正相关(r=0.831、0.748、0.737、0.702和0.699,均P<0.05)。经过治疗后,缓解组患者ILC2s细胞比例、KLRG1表达及GATA-3、ST2、IL-5、IL-13、IL-7RB mRNA相对表达量较未缓解组患者均下降(P<0.05)。缓解组患者治疗后ILC2s细胞比例、KLRG1阳性表达及GATA、IL-5、IL-13 mRNA相对表达量较治疗前均下降(P<0.05)。未缓解组患者治疗后ILC2s细胞比例及GATA-3、ST2、IL-5、IL-13 mRNA相对表达量较治疗前均上升(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,治疗前ILC2s细胞上KLRG1表达、IL-13 mRNA及两者联合检测对疗效有较好的预测价值。结论ILC2s细胞参与MM疾病的免疫紊乱,具有促肿瘤的作用,ILC2s细胞免疫紊乱可能是通过细胞相关效应分子发生改变引起的。

Fas and Bc1-2 EXpression on T Lymphocyte Subsets in the Peripheral Blood of Relapsing Patients with Condyloma Acuminatum

Objective: To study the expression of Fas and Bcl-2proteins on T lymphocyte subsets in the peripheralblood of relapsing patients with condyloma acuminatum(CA) and healthy controls. Methods: Flow cytometry (permeabization andstaining procedure with conjugated antibodies) wasused. Results: We observed that the expression of Fasprotein on CD4^+ T lymphocyte subset of CA patientswas significantly higher than that of healthy controls(P<0.01). Conclusions: Increased expression of Fas proteinon CD4^+ T lymphocyte subset may be a cause of de-creased percentage of CD4^+ T lymphocyte subset. Thisinduces the increased ratio of CD4^+/CD8^+.

FGL2在胃肠间质瘤的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨纤维蛋白原样蛋白2(FGL2)在胃肠道间质瘤(GIST)中的表达及临床意义。方法:运用免疫组化EnVision二步法检测158例GIST患者中FGL2蛋白的表达情况,分析其与临床病理参数之间的相关性,并探讨FGL2蛋白与GIST中肿瘤浸润性淋巴细胞(TILs)CD3^(+)T、CD8^(+)T、CD20^(+)T及CD68^(+)T细胞计数之间的关系。结果:FGL2蛋白在GIST中的表达与肿瘤大小、NIH危险度分级、坏死及核分裂象计数呈负相关(P<0.05),与患者性别及肿瘤发生部位差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在GIST中,FGL2表达与低CD3^(+)T细胞计数相关(P<0.05),而与CD8^(+)T、CD20^(+)T及CD68^(+)T细胞计数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:FGL2蛋白参与GIST的发生和发展,其表达水平在一定程度上可预测GIST的恶性潜能。FGL2蛋白可能通过调节肿瘤微环境参与GIST的发生和发展。

外周血TLR2、TIPE2、NLR联合检测对机械通气新生儿呼吸机相关性肺炎的预测价值

目的探讨外周血Toll样受体2(TLR2)、肿瘤坏死因子α诱导蛋白8样因子2(TIPE2)、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)联合检测对机械通气新生儿呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)的预测价值。方法选取2020年6月至2023年6月河北北方学院附属第一医院进行机械通气治疗的232例新生儿作为研究对象。将发生VAP的新生儿纳入VAP组,其余纳入非VAP组。检测并比较两组外周血TLR2、TIPE2表达水平和NLR。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估外周血TLR2、TIPE2、NLR单独及联合预测机械通气新生儿VAP发生的价值。采用多因素Logistic回归分析机械通气新生儿发生VAP的影响因素。结果232例机械通气新生儿中,60例发生VAP,发生率为25.86%,纳入VAP组;其余172例未发生VAP,纳入非VAP组。VAP组和非VAP组机械通气时间、置管次数和吸痰次数比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。VAP组TLR2相对表达水平和NLR高于非VAP组,TIPE2相对表达水平低于非VAP组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,机械通气时间≥3 d、置管次数≥2次、吸痰次数≥5次/天、TLR2相对表达水平升高、NLR升高是械通气新生儿发生VAP的危险因素(P<0.05),TIPE2相对表达水平升高是新生儿发生VAP的保护因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,TLR2、TIPE2和NLR单独预测机械通气新生儿发生VAP的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.783、0.754、0.745;且外周血TLR2、TIPE2、NLR联合检测预测机械通气新生儿发生VAP的AUC为0.823。结论外周血TLR2、TIPE2和NLR均是机械通气新生儿发生VAP的独立影响因素,且联合检测有助于预测VAP的发生。

血清IL-19、VASH-1、NLR在2型糖尿病肾病中的水平及临床意义

目的探讨血清白介素19(IL-19)、血管生成抑制蛋白1(VASH-1)、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)在2型糖尿病肾病(T2DN)中的水平及意义。方法选取2020年12月—2022年12月在邯郸市第一医院内分泌一科治疗的T2DN患者100例作为T2DN组,同时收集单纯2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者100例作为T2DM组,比较2组血清IL-19、VASH-1、NLR水平,并分析血清IL-19、VASH-1、NLR对T2DN的预测价值。结果T2DN组血清IL-19、VASH-1、NLR明显高于T2DM组(t/P=8.374/<0.001、8.277/<0.001、8.762/<0.001)。经二元Logistic回归分析,IL-19、VASH-1、NLR升高是发生T2DN的危险因素[OR(95%CI)=1.120(1.037~1.210)、1.006(1.001~1.012)、2.586(1.165~5.740),P<0.05]。受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析显示,IL-19、VASH-1、NLR及三者联合预测T2DN的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.807、0.799、0.822、0.854,约登指数分别为0.520、0.490、0.550、0.740,IL-19在最佳截断值对应的敏感度、特异度分别为0.940、0.580,VASH-1为0.660、0.830,NLR为0.920、0.630,三者联合为0.860、0.880。结论T2DN患者血清IL-19、VASH-1、NLR水平升高,且血清IL-19、VASH-1、NLR三者联合对T2DN具有较高的预测价值。

AR、SKP2、SOX10、PD-L1及TIL表达在三阴性乳腺癌中的意义

目的:探索雄激素受体(androgen receptor,AR)、S期激酶相关蛋白2(S-phase kinase-associated protein 2,SKP2)、性别决定区Y相关的HMG盒含因子10(sry-related HMG box-containing factor 10,SOX10)、程序性死亡配体1(programmed death-ligand 1,PD-L1)及肿瘤浸润性淋巴细胞(tumor infiltrating lymphocyte,TIL)在三阴性乳腺癌(triple negative breast cancer,TNBC)表达与临床病理特征和预后的关系。方法:根据苏木精-伊红染色(hematoxylineosin, HE)染色切片评判109例TNBC瘤巢内TIL的比例,采用Leica Bond-Max全自动免疫组化仪检测TNBC组织中AR、SKP2、SOX10、PD-L1的表达。分析以上各生物指标与临床病理特征间的关系,并采用kaplan-Meier、Log-rank进行生存分析。结果:95例患者获得随访,中位随访时间为48个月,中位无病生存时间(disease-free survival, DFS)为42个月,中位总生存时间(overall survival, OS)48个月。在TNBC中,AR阳性表达与淋巴结转移阴性(P=0.009)、肿瘤最大径<2 cm(P=0.008)相关,TIL高表达与低级别TNBC相关(P=0.007),SKP2阳性表达与神经/脉管侵犯阳性(P=0.011)、高级别TNBC相关(P=0.002),SOX10阳性表达与淋巴结转移阳性(P=0.022)、高级别TNBC(P=0.005)相关,PD-L1阳性表达与淋巴结转移阳性(P=0.020)、神经/脉管侵犯阳性(P=0.006)、高级别TNBC(P=0.042)相关。生存分析显示,SKP2、SOX10阳性表达与更差的DFS(P=0.007、P<0.001)和OS(P=0.013、P<0.001)相关,TIL高表达与更好的DFS(P=0.016)及OS(P=0.004)相关。在生物表志物的联合表达中,AR+/SKP2-、AR+/SOX10-与更好的DFS(P=0.004、P<0.001)及OS(P=0.007、P=0.001)相关,SOX10+/低TIL、PD-L1+/低TIL与更差的DFS(P<0.001、P=0.008)及OS(P=0.001、P=0.002)相关,AR-/低TIL者具有更差的OS(P=0.014)。SKP2(HR=4.143,95%CI为1.578~10.875)、SOX10(HR=7.578,95%CI为2.067~27.782)的阳性表达是影响TNBC患者DFS的独立预后因子,SKP2(HR=3.758,95%CI为1.400~10.084)、SOX10(HR=5.131,95%CI为1.316~20.000)及TIL(HR=0.375,95%CI为0.154~0.917)的阳性表达是TNBC患者OS的独立预后因子(P均<0.05)。结论:在TNBC中,AR阳性、TIL高表达与具有更好预后的临床病理特征相关,SKP2、SOX10和PD-L1与具侵袭性的临床病理特征相关。SKP2、SOX10及TIL表达与TNBC预后相关,提示这些生物指标可能成为TNBC新的预后因子,同时它们也有可能成为潜在的治疗靶点。

血清HbA1c、LAG-3与2型糖尿病患者合并甲状腺结节的相关性

目的探究血清糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、淋巴细胞活化基因-3(LAG-3)与2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者合并甲状腺结节的相关性。方法纳入河北医科大学第三医院2021年7月至2022年7月收治的T2DM合并甲状腺结节患者120例,设为研究组;同期选取单纯T2DM患者(无甲状腺结节)100例作为对照组。根据甲状腺结节的病理学检查结果将研究组分为良性结节组(85例)和恶性结节组(35例)。采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测所有研究对象血清LAG-3水平;全自动糖化血红蛋白分析仪检测所有研究对象HbA1c水平。采用Spearman法分析T2DM合并甲状腺结节患者血清中HbA1c、LAG-3与甲状腺影像报告与数据系统(TI-RADS)评分的相关性。采用多因素Logistic回归分析T2DM合并甲状腺结节的影响因素。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析HbA1c、LAG-3水平对T2DM合并甲状腺结节的诊断价值。结果与对照组比较,研究组HbA1c水平升高(P<0.05),LAG-3水平降低(P<0.05)。与良性结节组比较,恶性结节组血清中LAG-3水平降低(P<0.05),HbA1c水平升高(P<0.05)。Spearman法分析结果显示,T2DM合并甲状腺结节患者HbA1c水平与TI-RADS评分呈正相关(r=0.378,P<0.001);血清LAG-3水平与TI-RADS评分呈负相关(r=-0.472,P<0.001)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,HbA1c是T2DM患者发生甲状腺结节的危险因素(P<0.05),LAG-3是T2DM患者发生甲状腺结节的保护因素(P<0.05)。HbA1c、LAG-3联合诊断T2DM合并甲状腺结节优于二者单独诊断(Z二者联合-HbA1c=2.542,P=0.011;Z二者联合-LAG-3=3.098,P=0.002)。结论T2DM合并甲状腺结节患者血清LAG-3水平明显降低,HbA1c水平明显升高,二者与甲状腺结节的恶性程度有关。

Effect of Chinese Herbal Medicinal Ingredients on IL-2 mRNA Levels of T Lymphocytes in Mice Measured Using Semiquantification RT-PCR

In this study, the IL-2 mRNA levels of T lymphocytes in normal mice stimulated by nine Chinese herbal medicinal ingredients （CHMIs） were measured using semiquantification reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that astragalus polysaccharide （APS）, epimedium polysaccharide （EPS）, Chinese angelica polysaccharide （CAPS）, propolis flavone （PF）, and astrogalosides （AS） promoted IL-2 mRNA levels in T lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo to differing degrees, and the level of IL-2 mRNA induced by propolis polysaccharide （PPS） in vitro was higher than that induced by the control, which differed from that of PPS in vivo.

Effects of Radiofrequency Ablation on Lymphocyte Subsets and Type 1/Type 2 T Cell Subpopulations in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Objective： To evaluate whether radiofrequency ablation （RFA） might have an influence on immune status in hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） patients. Methods： We measured the T lymphocytes, B lymphocyte and NK cells, and determined the population of Thl, Th2, Tcl and Tc2 of peripheral blood samples taken from 26 HCC patients before and after RFA. Results： The proportion of Typel cells （Thl and Tcl） and NK cells were significantly increased after RFA, especially in patients of the following subgroups： male, age〉55 years, pathological grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ tumor, clinical stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ or Child-Pugh A and B. Conclusion： TypeⅠ cells and NK cells in HCC patients were increased in a short period after RFA.

Zeste同源物2增强子在桥本甲状腺炎B淋巴细胞亚群中的表达及其抑制剂的治疗机制及效果研究

背景甲状腺自身抗体是诊断桥本甲状腺炎(HT)的标志,B淋巴细胞在HT的发病机制中发挥重要作用。Zeste同源物2增强子(EZH2)是一种表观遗传学蛋白,在淋巴细胞的发育与功能调控中扮演重要角色。目的本研究探讨EZH2在HT甲状腺组浆母细胞及浆细胞中的表达,进一步探讨EZH2抑制剂在实验性自身免疫甲状腺炎(EAT)模型中的治疗作用。方法收集北京大学第一医院2010—2020年6例行甲状腺手术的患者,取肿瘤对侧的甲状腺组织(HT及正常甲状腺组织各3例),通过RNA-seq筛选B淋巴细胞相关基因的表达情况;收集16例HT患者的甲状腺组织和8例健康对照(HD)甲状腺组织,分别利用免疫组化及免疫荧光验证EZH2在HT甲状腺组织中B淋巴细胞中的表达;收集25例HT甲状腺细针穿刺液(FNA)、19例HT外周血以及12例健康人外周血样本应用流式细胞分析检测EZH2在浆母细胞及浆细胞中的表达改变。将15只7周龄NOD.H-2^(h4)小鼠EAT模型分为对照组(n=5)、EAT无注射(n=5)或注射EZH2抑制剂GSK126处理组(10 mg/kg,腹腔注射3次/周,n=5),8周后观察甲状腺炎症程度及甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TgAb)水平的改变。结果RNA-seq结果显示,相较于正常甲状腺组织,HT甲状腺组织中EZH2水平上调,一些与B淋巴细胞表型相关的基因例如CD19、CD27、CD38、CD52相应增加。免疫组化结果显示,16例HT甲状腺组织标本中EZH2免疫组化染色均可在生发中心(GC)见到阳性细胞,呈强阳性,8例正常甲状腺组织染色中未观察到阳性细胞。HT甲状腺组织中EZH2染色高表达在GC区,EZH2特异性地表达在CD_(19)^(+)B淋巴细胞中。流式细胞术检测结果显示HT FNA样本中CD_(19)^(+)B淋巴细胞、浆母细胞及浆细胞比例均高于HD外周血、HT外周血样本(P<0.01),HT FNA样本中EZH2在CD_(19)^(+)B淋巴细胞、浆母细胞中的阳性比例高于HT外周血(P<0.005)。小鼠实验中,EAT组甲状腺的淋巴细胞浸润较对照组增加。GSK126处理组炎症程度评分和TgAb水平高于对照组,低于EAT组(P<0.001)。结论EZH2在HT甲状腺组织CD_(19)^(+)B淋巴细胞中表达异常升高,可能促进了B淋巴细胞分化成浆细胞进而促进自身抗体生成破坏甲状腺,EZH2抑制剂可以减缓EAT模型甲状腺炎症程度。浆母细胞中EZH2表达增加可能参与了HT的发病机制,EZH2可能成为治疗HT的新靶点,相关机制需要进一步深入研究。

Study on the effects of cefotaxime on intracellular Ca^(2+) in human peripheral lymphocytes by fluoremetry

Characteristic of Fura-2-Ca^2＋ interaction was studied based on the fluorescence technique. The apparent dissociation constants （Kd） of the Fura-2-Ca^2＋ complex were determined at different temperature. The effect of cefotaxime （CEFA） on intracellular Ca^2＋ concentration （[Ca^2＋]i） was discussed by using a ratiometric fluorescence dye Fura-2 as a probe. The basal [Ca^2＋]i in resting human peripheral lymphocytes was 100 4- 7 nmol/L but after treatment with cefotaxime, the changes of [Ca^2＋]i were observed in different conditions. In the concentration range of 1-30 μmol/L of cefotaxime [Ca^2＋]i increased, as a result of releasing intracellular Ca^2＋ stores. Higher concentration of cefotaxime （50-500 μmol/L） stimulated to decrease of [Ca^2＋]i.

Lamprey buccal gland secretory protein-2 (BGSP-2) inhibits human T lymphocyte proliferation

Lamprey is a representative of the agnathans, the most ancient class of vertebrates. Parasitic lampreys secrete anticoagulant from their buccal glands and prevent blood coagulation of host fishes. We identified a buccal gland secretory protein-2 （BGSP-2） from a buccal gland cDNA library of Larnpetrajaponica. The full-length BGSP-2 gene was cloned and the recombinant BGSP-2 protein was generated. The role of BGSP-2 on lymphocyte proliferation was studied by examining its effects on human T lymphocytes. We found that lamprey BGSP-2 was able to effectively block the proliferation of T cells in vitro by inducing G1/S cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, it inhibited the proliferation of hmnan T lymphocytes stimulated by phytohemagglutinin （PHA） at a minimum concentration of 0.1μg/ml. Our data suggest that lamprey BGSP-2 is able to block the mitosis of human T lymphocytes at the G1/S point, and has the potential of anti-proliferative effect on PHA-activated T lymphocytes.

淋巴细胞胞质蛋白2在恶性肿瘤发生与发展过程中的免疫调节机制

淋巴细胞胞质蛋白2(lymphocyte cytosolic protein 2,LCP2)是一种衔接蛋白质,在T细胞受体信号通路中扮演重要角色,激活下游信号因子以完成机体的免疫应答过程。LCP2也在恶性肿瘤的发生发展与转移中发挥重要作用,其高表达会导致不良的预后效果,降低患者生存率,其具体作用机制涉及多条信号通路。本文不仅对LCP2的分子结构以及基本功能进行了介绍,而且重点综合评述了LCP2通过参与NF-κB、MAPK、JAK/STAT以及PD-1/PD-L1信号通路调控恶性肿瘤发生与发展的分子机制。总结了LCP2作为肿瘤治疗靶点的潜在作用,为将来用于相关疾病的诊断、治疗和标志物筛选等提供理论基础和参考依据。

Recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis expressing Hsp65-hIL-2 fusion protein and its influence on lymphocyte function in mice

Objective:To coastruct a strain of recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis expressing the heat shock protein 65(Hsp65) and human interleukin 2(IL-2) fusion protein(rMS-Hsp65/IL-2) and to explore the effect of this construct on lymphocyte function in mice.Methods:The fusion gene encoding Hsp65-hIL-2 was cloned into shuttle vector pSMT3.The recombinant plasmid pSMT3- Hsp65-hIL-2 was transferred to Mycobacterium smegmatis by electroporation.Positive clones were selected by hygromycin and identified by PCR.The expression of fusion protein Hsp65- hIL-2 was verified using indirect immunofluorescence staining.Mice were immunized for two times by subcutaneously injection with 1×10~6 CFU rMS-Hsp65/IL-2 at a three-week interval.Two weeks after the second immunization,mice were sacrificed and the serum samples were collected for determination of anli-Hsp65 specific IgG.Splenic lymphocytes were isolated and treated with the rMS-Hsp65/IL-2 to determine lymphocytic proliferation activity by MTT assay.IFN-γand IL-2 in the medium of the treated cells were also determined by ELISA.Results:Successful construction of rMS-Hsp65/IL-2 was verified by PCR and immunofluorescence staining.Compared to the splenic lymphocytes isolated from mice immunized with Bacille Calmette-Guerin or mice immunized with Mycobacterium smegmatis alone,the splenic lymphocytes isolated from mice immunized with rMS-Hsp65/IL-2 showed a marked increase in the proliferation of lymphocytes, together with an increased production of important cytokines such as IFN- 7 and IL-2. Conclusions:rMS-Hsp65/IL-2 markedly enhances lymphocyte function.Therefore,the fusion protein generated by rMS-Hsp65/lL-2 may be of potential value in generating an effective vaccine against tuberculosis.

Detection of CYP2E1,a Genetic Biomarker of Susceptibility to Benzene Metabolism Toxicity in Immortal Human Lymphocytes Derived from the Han Chinese Population

Objective Cytochrome P450 2E1 （CYP2E1） is an important metabolizing enzyme involved in oxidative stress responses to benzene, a chemical associated with bone marrow toxicity and leukemia, We aimed to identify the CYP2E1 genetic biomarkers of susceptibility to benzene toxicity in support of environmental and occupational exposure prevention, and to test whether a model using immortal human lymphocytes might be an efficient tool for detecting genetic biomarkers. Methods Immortalized human lymphocyte cell lines with independent genotypes on four CYP2E1 SNP sites were induced with 0.01% phenol, a metabolite of benzene. CYP2E1 gene function was evaluated by mRNA expression and enzyme activity. DNA damage was measured by Single-Cell Gel Electrophoresis （SCGE）. Results Among the four SNPs, cells with rs2070673TT and rs2030920CC showed higher levels of ~YP2E1 transcription and enzymatic activity than the other genotypes in the same SNP site. Cells with higher gene expression genotypes also showed higher comet rates compared with lower gene expression genotypes. Conclusion These results suggest that CYP2E1 rs2070673 and rs2030920 might be the genetic biomarkers of susceptibility to benzene toxicity and that the immortalized human lymphocytes model might be an efficient tool for the detection of genetic biomarkers of susceptibility to chemicals.

2型固有淋巴细胞与支气管哮喘

2型免疫反应是支气管哮喘的主要发病机制,在变应原、病原体等因素作用下,气道上皮释放白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)-33、胸腺基质淋巴细胞生成素(thymic stromal lymphopoietin,TSLP)等促使2型固有淋巴细胞(type2 innate lymphocytes,ILC2s)在炎症部位激活、成熟与分化。ILC2s产生IL-4、IL-5、IL-13等核心2型细胞因子,引起支气管哮喘,并与多部位ILC2s、固有淋巴细胞(innate lymphocytes,ILCs)其他亚群及多种类型免疫细胞相互作用,参与支气管哮喘的发生、发展,并与哮喘共病及类固醇抵抗相关。ILC2s受细胞因子、营养物质、脂质介质、神经肽与神经递质、激素等调节,通过干预上述物质作用于ILC2s的调控过程,可为支气管哮喘的治疗提供良好前景。

Competition between TRAF2 and TRAF6 Regulates NF-κB Activation in Human B Lymphocytes

Objective To investigate the role of TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF-2) and TRAF6 in CD40-induced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway and whether CD40 signaling requires TRAF2. Methods Human B cell lines were transfected with plasmids expressing wild type TRAF2 or dominant negative TRAF2,TRAF2-shRNA,or TRAF6-shRNA. The activation of NF-κB was detected by Western blot,kinase assay,transfactor enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Analysis of the role of TRAF-2 and TRAF-6 in CD40-mediated NF-κB activity was examined following stimulation with recombinant CD154. Results TRAF2 induced activity of IκB-kinases (IKKα,IKKi/ε),phosphorylation of IκBα,as well as nuclear translocation and phosphorylation of p65/RelA. In contrast,TRAF6 strongly induced NF-κB activation and nuclear translocation of p65 as well as p50 and c-Rel. Engagement of CD154-induced nuclear translocation of p65 was inhibited by a TRAF6-shRNA,but conversely was enhanced by a TRAF2-shRNA. Examination of direct interactions between CD40 and TRAFs by FRET documented that both TRAF2 and TRAF6 directly interacted with CD40. However,the two TRAFs competed for CD40 binding. Conclusions These results indicate that TRAF2 can signal in human B cells,but it is not essential for CD40-mediated NF-κB activation. Moreover,TRAF2 can compete with TRAF6 for CD40 binding,and thereby limit the capacity of CD40 engagement to induce NF-κB activation.