Application of the quadrilateral area coordinate method:a new element for laminated composite plate bending problems

Recently, some new quadrilateral finite elements were successfully developed by the Quadrilateral Area Coordinate （QAC） method. Compared with those traditional models using isoparametric coordinates, these new models are less sensitive to mesh distortion. In this paper, a new displacement-based, 4-node 20-DOF （5-DOF per node） quadrilateral bending element based on the first-order shear deformation theory for analysis of arbitrary laminated composite plates is presented. Its bending part is based on the element AC-MQ4, a recent-developed high-performance Mindlin-Reissner plate element formulated by QAC method and the generalized conforming condition method; and its in-plane displacement fields are interpolated by bilinear shape functions in isoparametric coordinates. Furthermore, the hybrid post-rocessing procedure, which was firstly proposed by the authors, is employed again to improve the stress solutions, especially for the transverse shear stresses. The resulting element, denoted as AC-MQ4-LC, exhibits excellent performance in all linear static and dynamic numerical examples. It demonstrates again that the QAC method, the generalized conforming condition method, and the hybrid post-processing procedure are efficient tools for developing simple, effective and reliable finite element models.

Quantitative analysis of biotechnical reinforcement for a steep slope consisting of composite coal-gangue-soil medium adjacent to a mined-out area

The engineering and geological characteristics of a steep slope consisting of coal gangue, rock and soil medium in Huating coal mine have been comprehensively investigated. Owing to humid weather, heavy rainfall, vegetation and porous characteristics of the soil and rock mass, the steep slope will be destabilized and induce mud-rock flow or derive hazard easily. Firstly, based on the classical slope reinforcement theory, some regularity between the shear and displacement in the destabilized zone of the slope with or without root strength contribution is presented. Then, based on the experimental and statistical analysis of root strength, hydrological characteristics and stability status, etc., some possible biotechnical techniques for reinforcement of the steep slope have been suggested. These methods are important for quantitative analysis of destabilization of the slope and design of the biotechnical reinforcement.

Chemical Composition of Sphyraena barracuda with Different Area, Size and Season, in Sudanese Red Sea Coast

This study aims to determine the effect of area, size and season on chemical composition of Sphyraena barracuda from Sudanese Red Sea Coast. A total of 180 fish samples were collected from Port Sudan and Sawakin fishing sites during the winter and summer of 2020-2021. The fishes sample ranged between (30 - 50) cm in total length and (250 - 1000) gm in body weight of small size, and ranged between (60 - 90) cm in total length and (1250 - 250) gm in body weight for large size. Fish flesh was subject to gross chemical analysis. Moisture, protein, fat, ash, acidity and pH were determined. The results indicated a significant effect by area, season and size. The different areas had a significant effect on crude protein and ash;higher parameter value is found in Sawakin. Higher chemical parameters were showed in winter than in summer. Also, size had a significant effect in all parameters (except moisture), fat and ash were high in large size. The study has concluded that the large size fishes of S. barracuda with high nutritional value when caught in winter from the southern region of Sawakin.

Study on the crustal stress fi eld of the Tengchong volcanic area using composite focal mechanism method

We calculated the crustal stress field using the composite focal mechanism method based on the P-wave initial motion polarity data of the Tengchong volcanic area from January 2011 to April 2019 obtained from the Bulletin of Seismological Observations of Chinese stations.The magnitude range of earthquakes used in this study is 0–4,and their magnitudes are mainly approximately 1.0.To investigate the infl uence of the source location on the stress fi eld and obtain reliable stress fi elds of the study area,we applied the double-diff erence algorithm to relocate the seismic events,obtaining more accurate and reliable relative positions of seismic events with a clearer seismic belt.On the basis of relocation results,the study on the stress fi eld along the fault zone was conducted,and the infl uence of seismic event position on the stress fi eld was analyzed.Results show that,fi rst,the current stress regime in the shallow crust of the Tengchong volcanic area is strike-slip faulting,the orientation of the principal compressive stress axis is NE–SW,the orientation of the principal extension stress axis is SE–NW,the principal compressive and extension stress axes are nearly horizontal,and the dip angle of intermediate principal stress axis is relatively large.This reflects that the volcanic and seismic activities in the Tengchong volcanic area are mainly controlled by the collision and squeezing eff ect of the Indian–Eurasian plate.It also refl ects that the current tensile action caused by deep magma activity has little infl uence on the shallow crustal stress field.Second,the stress field along fault zones reveals that there exist local stress fi elds,such as the thrust stress regime at the strike-slip fault terminal area,which is consistent with the compressional area at the intersection of conjugate strike-slip faults indicated by previous study.Third,the stress fi eld results are consistent,regardless of using the original location in the bulletin or the relocated location,indicating that the infl uence of the event location error can be neglected when there are suffi cient data and refl ecting the stability of the composite focal mechanism method.The findings can serve as a reference for investigating geological structure movement,seismic activities,and volcanic activities in the Tengchong volcanic area.

Oxidation and Electrical Properties of Cu-Mn_(3)O_(4)Composite Coating Obtained by Electrodeposition on SOFC Interconnects

Cu-Mn_(3)O_(4)composite coating was prepared on the SUS 430 ferritic stainless steel by electrodeposition and then exposed in air at 800℃corresponding to the cathode atmosphere of solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC).A dual-layer oxide structure mainly comprising an external layer of CuO followed by(Cu,Mn,Fe)_(3)O_(4)spinel and an internal layer of Cr-rich oxide was thermally developed on the coated steel.The scale area-specific resistances(ASRs)of the coated steels were lower than the scale ASR of the uncoated steel after identical thermal exposure.The external layer of CuO/(Cu,Mn,Fe)_(3)O_(4)spinel not only served as a barrier to reduce the growth rate of Cr-rich oxide internal layer and to suppress the outward diffusion of Cr,but also lowered the surface scale ASRs considerably.

The Calculation of Stress-Strain State of Anisotropic Composite Finite-Element Area with Different Boundary Conditions on the Surface

The numerical analytic research approach of stress-strain state of anisotropic composite finite element area with different boundary conditions on the surface, is represented below. The problem is solved by using a spatial model of the elasticity theory. Differential equation system in partial derivatives reduces to one-dimensional problem using spline collocation method in two coordinate directions. Boundary problem for the system of ordinary higher-order differential equation is solved by using the stable numerical technique of discrete orthogonalization.

Novel Nanosized Adsorbing Composite Cathode Materials for the Next Generational Lithium Battery

A novel carbon-sulfur nano-composite material was synthesized by heating sublimed sulfur and high surface area activated carbon （HSAAC） under certain conditions. The physical and chemical per- formances of the novel carbon-sulfur nano-composite were characterized by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller （BET） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The electrochemical performances of nano-composite were characterized by charge-discharge characteristic, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impendence spectroscopy （EIS）. The experimental results indicate that the electrochemical capability of nano- composite material was superior to that of traditional S-containing composite material. The cathode made by carbon-sulfur nano-composite material shows a good cycle ability and a high specific charge-discharge capacity. The HSAAC shows a vital role in adsorbing sublimed sulfur and the polysulfides within the cathode and is an excellent electric conductor for a sulfur cathode and prevents the shuttle behavior of the lithium-sulfur battery.

The Background of Regional Lead Isotopic Compositions and Its Application in the Lower and Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River and Neighbouring Areas

The paper systematically deals with the background of regional isotopic compo-sitions in the lower and middle reaches of the Yangtze River and neighbouring areas. It isshown that the lead isotopic compositions of different geological formations and units are con-trolled by the primary mantle heterogeneity, dynamic process of crust-mantle interchange,abundances of uraninm, thorium and lead of various layers of the earth and timing. Studies onthe background of regional isotopic compositions may offer significant information forgeochemical regionalization, tracing of sources of ore-forming materials, and regionalprognosis of ore deposits.

Zircon U-Pb Chronology and Whole-rock Sr-Nd Isotope Compositions of Granite Porphyry in the Kaladaban Area of the Northern Altyn

Objective The Altyn Tagh marks the northern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and lies between the Tarim block to the north and the Qaidam block,Qilian Orogen,and Kunlun orogenic belt to the south.The Altyn Tagh region contains ophiolite,high-to ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks,and igneous rocks.Previous research has virified the occurrence of continental rifting,subduction,slab roll-back,and collision between the Tarim block and Proto-Tethys oceanic plate.Moreover,Kaladaban volcanic rocks are mainly distributed in the north Altyn region.Studies of the magmatic evolution of this region have proposed that Altyn oceanic plate was subducted during the Ordovician(Han et al.,2012;Wang et al.,2017).However,the specific timing and other aspects of the subduction are debated,and an investigation of granite porphyry in the Kaladaban area would improve our understanding of this subduction event.In this study,we present new U-Pb zircon dating result and Sr-Nd isotope composition data for granite porphyry from the North Altyn region.The objective is to constrain the timing of subduction of the North Altyn oceanic plate and establish the petrogenesis and magma source of the granite porphyry.

Effect of pyrolysis temperature on properties of ACF/CNT composites

Activated carbon fiber/carbon nanotube(ACF/CNT) composites were fabricated by chemical vapor deposition(CVD) process.The effects of pyrolysis temperature on properties of ACF/CNT composites,including BET specific surface area,mass increment rate and adsorption efficiency for rhodamine B in solution,were investigated by scanning electron microscopy.The results show that the pyrolysis temperature is a key factor affecting the qualities of ACF/CNT composites.The mass increment rate and BET specific surface area sharply decrease with the increase of pyrolysis temperatures from 550 ℃ to 850 ℃ and the minimum diameter of CNTs appears at 750 ℃.The maximum adsorption efficiency of ACF/CNT composites for rhodamine B is obtained at 650 ℃.ACF/CNT composites are expected to be useful in adsorption field.

Application of Heterogeneous Composite Model with Consideration of Stress Sensitive in Low Permeability Gas Reservoir

Stress sensitivity is a key factor affecting the productivity of single wells in low permeability gas reservoirs. A well test model for heterogeneous composite gas reservoirs under the influence of stress-sensitive effects was established. Based on the theoretical model, the well test was designed by gradually increasing the pressure difference. The relationship between abnormal high pressure and reservoir stress sensitivity was analyzed. Theoretical research shows that stress sensitivity will cause permeability damage during the production process, and the pressure drop test curve shows that the physical properties of the reservoir have gradually deteriorated. The pressure recovery test curve shows that the physical properties of the reservoir are getting better. Field practice shows that stress sensitivity is related to the formation of abnormally high pressure in the formation without considering the micro-cracks in the formation. Stress-sensitive reservoirs are generally unbalanced and compacted due to overpressure, for fluid expansion/conduction overpressure in Ledong Area. For these reservoirs, there is almost no stress sensitivity. The research results have significance for guiding the design and data interpretation of stress-sensitive reservoir.

Composite Stable to Corrosive Media in SiC-AL₂O₃-Si_2ON₂System

The object of the research was to study the composite received in impure nitrogen medium from silicon carbide, silicon and refractory clay mixture. With X-ray diffraction, petrographic and electron microscope methods the chemical processes happening at burning of the mentioned mixture in technical nitrogen medium and the kind of received binder, phase composition and basic properties are studied. It is stated that silicon carbide composite with complex binder is received, the main phases being: Si2ON2, 3Al2O3· 2SiO2 and SiO2. SiC-Al2O3 composite is also received and studied. Water and acid resistance of composites (H2SO4, r—1.84 g/sm3) and resistance to nonferrous metals and slag are studied. The received composites can be used for production of protective envelope of thermocouple for measuring of temperature of ferrous and nonferrous metals at high temperatures.

Change in the Pore Structure of Carbon-Carbon Composites during Successive Stages of High-Pressure Impregnation and Heat Treatment

Pore structure of C/C （Carbon-Carbon） composite after several stages of pitch impregnation under the high pressure and heat treatment was investigated by means of low temperature nitrogen adsorption and the standard contact porosimetry. Total pore volume, pore size distribution and specific surface area were calculated for samples of composite after several successive stages of treatment. The radius of pores presented in the material changes from 1 nm to 90 tam. Total pore volume and specific surface area both decrease after successive stages of pitch impregnation under the pressure, whereas heat treatment up to 1,750 ℃ and 2,000 ℃ leads to creation of some porous space and pore volume expansion. The bulk porosity of C/C composite comes down from 33.7% to 13.7% after the serial stages of treatment and the specific surface area is reduced by half compared to the initial material.

Evolution of Floristic Composition and Structural Parameters between Two Management Inventories in a Tropical Forest in the East Cameroon Region

The realization of two management inventories in 2003 and 2020 on the same forest concession made it possible to characterize the floristic composition and to describe some structural parameters on three sites established according to the period of exploitation. Due to the change in the orientation of the lines, it was noted that respectively 82 and 85 species from the first inventory are not found in the second and inversely. A total of 311 species were identified in 2003, compared to 314 in 2020. The density varies from 111 to 140 stems/ha for all the individuals, 19 to 25 for the main species and 15 to 20 for the most exploited species. The decrease in the basal area between the two phases of 12% for all the species and 13% for the main species on the site exploited before the first inventory indicates a persistence of the disturbance for years after logging. It is proposed to supplement the management plans decisions with annual measures based on more complete inventories and to ensure the application of reduced impact logging measures.

鄂尔多斯盆地西北部特拉敖包矿产地铀矿石物质组成特征

鄂尔多斯盆地西北部下白垩统环河组是近期新发现的铀矿找矿“新层位”,文章对特拉敖包矿产地下白垩统环河组赋矿砂岩开展了详细的岩石学和矿物学研究,旨在为阐明该地区铀成矿机理及拓展区域找矿空间提供较全面、详实的基础地质信息。通过钻孔岩心观察赋矿岩石岩性、沉积结构和构造特征,利用扫描电镜及偏光显微镜对不同颜色赋矿岩石中的铀矿物、金属矿物、非金属矿物、黏土矿物及有机质等物质成分进行系统观察和鉴定,发现不同颜色赋矿砂岩中铀矿物主要为铀石,有机质主要为少量炭屑和流动态有机质,但金属矿物、非金属矿物和黏土矿物在各色矿石中种类多样且差异明显。认为特拉敖包矿产地及周边地区沉积环境为非典型、高含砂率的辫状河三角洲沉积环境;铀成矿过程具有多种成矿流体来源,成矿过程复杂,灰绿色砂岩至少经历过还原→氧化→再还原的过程。

含P2G和复合储能的高速公路服务区综合能源系统日前优化调度

为了提高高速公路服务区综合能源系统可再生能源消纳能力、降低经济成本,本文面向高速公路服务区中电、气、冷、热等多态能源,基于能源枢纽矩阵建模方法,建立能源供给侧、能量转换侧和负荷需求侧各模块的能量转换与供需耦合特性模型;在充分消纳可再生能源的情况下,以系统运行总成本最小为目标函数,建立系统优化调度模型;针对同一负荷不同运行场景下的调度结果表明,所提模型能最大程度使用风光发电,降低系统总运行成本;供给侧引入电气耦合与负荷侧引入复合储能的调度结果表明,所提模型能达到系统运行费用最优,同时可实现系统周期内运行费用的“削峰填谷”。

苏北盆地黄桥地区盐城组氦气成藏地质条件及富集规律

苏北盆地黄桥地区新近系盐城组天然气中He含量介于1.05%~1.40%,普遍高于工业品位,为壳—幔复合型氦气资源。目前,对于这种来源的氦气富集主控因素以及勘探目标评价的研究较为薄弱,为此,系统剖析了黄桥地区典型富氦气藏氦气成因、来源及圈闭特征,重点分析了幔源断裂对富氦气藏输导作用、盐城组圈闭条件的影响,提出了黄桥地区盐城组富氦气藏富集模式。结果表明:(1)黄桥地区南新街深大断裂在盐城组沉积时期持续活动,导致幔源物质上涌,伴随着火山活动及CO_(2)、N_(2)以及氦气沿断裂运移至浅层;(2)黄桥地区盐城组埋深为370~400 m,盐城组底部砂岩厚度约为40 m,上覆10~40 m泥岩,储盖组合有利,富氦气层由东往西尖灭;(3)黄桥地区盐城组整体为单斜构造,盐城组底部界面与下伏地层呈角度不整合,通过地震标定及解释,刻画出了富氦气层岩性—地层复合圈闭面积。黄桥地区盐城组富氦气藏具有断裂沟通地幔输导、砂岩储集、泥岩作为盖层、岩性—地层复合圈闭富集等特征,该认识对黄桥地区氦气有利目标评价具有重要意义。

淮北矿区多种类型植被地上生物量反演研究

生物量是植被碳的重要组成部分,对于评估矿山生态环境修复效果至关重要。在淮北矿业闸河矿区,生态破坏与修复并存,地表植被类型丰富多样,有林木、草本和农作物等。在这种多植被类型交叉覆盖的地区,传统的单一物种生物量模型难以应用。为准确反演该区域综合植被的生物量,以sentinel卫星数据为基础,利用植被指数和波段运算方法构建的光谱指数作为特征数据集,通过不同特征和模型的组合构建该区域生物量反演模型。在特征选择阶段,利用随机森林和相关性分析两种方法对特征进行综合评价,最终筛选出关键的5个光谱指数(增强植被指数、归一化差分水体指数、改进的归一化差分水体指数、Sentinel-2红边位置、陆地叶绿素指数)以及5个基于波段运算的自建光谱特征(1/B1、1/B2、1/B7、B1/B2、B5/B6)。基于这些筛选出的特征,设计了5种不同的特征组合方案,并结合传统方程回归和机器学习模型,在林地和综合植被数据上分别构建了生物量反演模型。研究结果表明,相较于传统回归模型,机器学习模型在生物量反演领域具有更高的精度。基于波段运算的自建光谱特征可以提高机器学习模型生物量反演的精度,其中支持向量回归(SVR)模型结合自建光谱特征与原始波段得到的反演结果精度最高,模型验证集的决定系数R^(2)为0.74,均方根误差为8.14kg·m^(-2)。将SVR模型应用于研究区进行生物量反演,得到的结果与当地植被分布特征高度一致。本研究成果不仅为矿区生态修复评价提供了数据支撑,而且为类似生态系统的后续研究提供了借鉴和经验。

金沙江白鹤滩水库巧家淹没区维管植物资源及区系分析

白鹤滩水电站是我国在金沙江修建的世界上在建规模最大的水电站,电站竣工形成水库后,库区内金沙江原有河岸带及河岸带以上至825 m高程区域成为被水库蓄水淹没的淹没区,且在该淹没区内会形成落差达60 m的库岸水位消落区.为掌握白鹤滩水库淹没区内的本底维管植物资源,也为白鹤滩水库成库后形成消落区的生态演变、生态保护和治理修复工作中适宜植物的筛选提供基础数据,在2020年白鹤滩水库还未建成蓄水前对库区巧家段淹没区的本底维管植物资源进行了实地调查,并就其区系成分特征进行了分析.研究表明:①白鹤滩水库建成前金沙江巧家段淹没区本底维管植物有50科160属207种,其中河岸带有18科52属59种,河岸带以上至825 m高程区域有49科154属199种,二者共有17科46属51种;无论是在整个淹没区,还是在河岸带或河岸带以上至825 m高程区域均表现为禾本科(Gramineae)物种数量最多,菊科(Compositae)物种数量次之.②无论是在河岸带还是在河岸带以上至825 m高程区域中,草本植物均为本底维管植物中占绝对优势的生长型;一年生植物和地上芽植物均为本底维管植物中的优势生活型.③金沙江巧家段淹没区本底维管植物区系成分具有明显的热带分布性质,属于热带分布类型的有28科118属,分别占淹没区总科数和总属数的56.0%和73.75%.其中,河岸带本底维管植物有50%的科和67.31%的属为热带区系类型;河岸带以上至825 m高程区域本底维管植物有55.1%的科和72.73%的属为热带区系类型.该研究对掌握白鹤滩水库巧家段淹没区本底维管植物组成和特征,预测白鹤滩水库消落区未来植物物种组成、植被演变、消落区生态保护和治理修复工作中适宜植物的选择具有特别意义.

高寒露天矿区渣土基质粒度组成及养分特征

以青海省木里与江仓露天煤矿区渣土为研究对象,采集了矿区渣土样品20个,未受人为扰动和污染的沼泽草甸土壤样品17个作为背景值。通过测试分析矿区渣土和沼泽草甸土壤的粒径组成,发现两个矿区渣土粒级组成与沼泽草甸土壤相同,含量由高到低依次为粉粒-砂粒-黏粒,但是在组成比例上存在差异,沼泽草甸土壤粉粒的含量更为丰富。根据土壤质地分类标准,木里矿区的渣土归属于粉壤土,江仓矿区的渣土归属于粉壤土和壤土,以粉壤土为主,沼泽草甸土壤兼具粉壤土与壤土的特性。同时,对矿渣土的pH、有机碳、全钾、全磷、全氮、碱解氮、速效氮、有效磷、速效钾等指标进行统计分析,结果表明两个矿区的渣土pH值偏碱性且有机质含量低,全量养分与沼泽草甸土壤存在差异,其中全氮的含量远低于沼泽草甸土壤,全钾的含量略高于沼泽草甸土壤。速效养分中的速效氮含量非常贫瘠,有效磷与速效钾的平均含量均高于沼泽草甸土壤,尤其是速效钾更明显。相关性分析显示矿区渣土的黏粒与所有养分均呈正相关,粉粒、砂粒与养分关系逐渐减弱,因此在土壤修复和重构过程中不仅要关注渣土养分的变化,还应该改善渣土基质粒径的结构比例,加速土壤熟化,完善土壤-植物-微生物体系,构建适应高寒矿区植被生长的土壤。