Nonlinear Time History Analysis for the Different Column Orientations under Seismic Wave Synthetic Approach

The significant impact of earthquakes on human lives and the built environment underscores the extensive human and economic losses caused by structural collapses. Over the years, researchers have focused on improving seismic design to mitigate earthquake-induced damages and enhance structural performance. In this study, a specific reinforced concrete (RC) frame structure at Kyungpook National University, designed for educational purposes, is analyzed as a representative case. Utilizing SAP 2000, the research conducts a nonlinear time history analysis to assess the structural performance under seismic conditions. The primary objective is to evaluate the influence of different column section designs, while maintaining identical column section areas, on structural behavior. The study employs two distinct seismic waves from Abeno (ABN) and Takatori (TKT) for the analysis, comparing the structural performance under varying seismic conditions. Key aspects examined include displacement, base shear force, base moment, joint radians, and layer displacement angle. This research is anticipated to serve as a valuable reference for seismic restraint reinforcement work on RC buildings, enriching the methods used for evaluating structures through nonlinear time history analysis based on the synthetic seismic wave approach.

Experimental study on the seismic response of braced reinforced concrete frame with irregular columns

A 15-storey K-braced reinforced concrete model frame with irregular columns, i.e., T-shaped, L-shaped, as well as ＋-shaped columns, was constructed and tested on the six-degree-of-freedom shaking table at the State Key Laboratory for Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering in Tongji, China. Two types of earthquake records, El-Centro wave （south-north direction） and Shanghai artificial wave （SHAW） with various peak accelerations and principal-secondary sequences, were input and experimentally studied. Based on the shaking table tests and theoretical analysis, several observations can be made. The failure sequence of the model structure is brace→beam→column→joints, so that the design philosophy for several lines of defense has been achieved. Earthquake waves with different spectrums not only influence the magnitude and distribution of the earthquake force and the storey shear force, but also obviously affect the magnitude of the displacement response. The aftershock seismic response of previously damaged reinforced concrete braced frames with irregular columns possesses the equivalent elastic performance characteristic. Generally speaking, from the aspects of failure features and drift ratio, this type of reinforced concrete structure provides adequate earthquake resistance and can be promoted for use in China.

Frame property of unequal storey height with specially shaped columns under cyclic loading

A 1/3-scale reinfored concrete(RC) frame of unequal storey height with specially shaped columns was tested under low frequency cyclic loading.The damage characteristic,bearing capacity,deformation capacity and ductility were analyzed.The restoring force model of the frame was obtained based on the study of the hysteresis curve measured in experiment,and the stiffness degeneration characteristics of every storey of the frame were analyzed.Finally the accumulated damage was analyzed with the damage assessment model.It is shown that the seismic behavior of this frame of unequal storey height with specially shaped columns is generally good,but the bottom of first floor column is a weak part,which should be paid more attention in design,and the restoring force model derived from this experiment can be seen as a valuable guide for design and non-linear finite element analysis for this kind of structure.

Seismic Behavior of Frame with Specially Shaped Columns Subjected to Cyclic Load

In order to study the seismic behavior of frame with specially shaped columns,the hysteretic curve was analyzed based on a quasi-static test of a two-span,three-story frame with specially shaped columns.The top layer framework curve and the corresponding resilience model were obtained from the hysteretic curve.And the stiffness and strength degeneration were also investigated.The results indicated that the stiffness degeneration is not obvious,thus the frame with specially shaped columns has high earthquake-resistant behavior.The resilience model calculated from the test can provide reference for design and nonlinear finite element analysis.

Numerical and experimental study on seismic behavior of concrete-filled T-section steel tubular columns and steel beam planar frames

The seismic behavior of planar frames with concrete-filled T-section columns to steel beam was experimentally and numerically studied. A finite element analysis （FEA） model was developed to investigate the engineering properties of the planar frames. Two 1：2.5 reduced-scale specimens of T-section concrete-filled steel tubular column and steel beam of single-story and single-bay plane frames were designed and fabricated based on the design principles of strong-column, weak-beam and stronger-joint. One three-dimensional entity model of the investigated frame structure was built using a large-scale nonlinear finite-element analysis software ABAQUS. Experimental results show that the axial compression ratio has no effect on the failure mode of the structure, while with the increase of axial compression ratio and the dissipated energy ability increasing, the structural ductility decreased. The results from both experiments and simulations agree with each other, which verifies the validity and accuracy of the developed finite element model. Furthermore, the developed finite element model helps to reflect the detailed stress status of the investigated frame at different time and different positions.

Vibration analysis of damaged and undamaged steel structure systems: cantilever column and frame

This paper presents the experimental and numerical studies conducted on a steel column and a steel frame structure using free vibration analysis.The effects of damages on structures were investigated,which were simulated by introducing multiple cracks at different locations in the experimental and numerical models.The acceleration responses of the test models,were recorded through an accelerometer,and were used to calibrate the numerical models developed in finite element based software.Modal frequencies of damaged and undamaged structures were compared and analyzed,to derive relationships for damaged and undamaged structures’frequencies in terms of crack depth.It was found that,due to the presence of cracks,the mechanical properties of a structure changes,whereby,the modal frequencies decrease.An approximately linear trend was observed for the frequency decrease with the increase in crack depth,which was also confirmed by the numerical models.The derived relationships were extended to further develop a mechanics-based damage scale for steel structures,to help facilitate structural health monitoring and screening of vulnerable structures.

Pushover analysis of reinforced concrete frames considering shear failure at beam-column joints

Since most current seismic capacity evaluations of reinforced concrete （RC） frame structures are implemented by either static pushover analysis （PA） or dynamic time history analysis, with diverse settings of the plastic hinges （PHs） on such main structural components as columns, beams and walls, the complex behavior of shear failure at beam-column joints （BCJs） during major earthquakes is commonly neglected. This study proposes new nonlinear PA procedures that consider shear failure at BCJs and seek to assess the actual damage to RC structures. Based on the specifications of FEMA-356, a simplified joint model composed of two nonlinear cross struts placed diagonally over the location of the plastic hinge is established, allowing a sophisticated PA to be performed. To verify the validity of this method, the analytical results for the capacity curves and the failure mechanism derived from three different full-size RC frames are compared with the experimental measurements. By considering shear failure at BCJs, the proposed nonlinear analytical procedures can be used to estimate the structural behavior of RC frames, including seismic capacity and the progressive failure sequence of joints, in a precise and effective manner.

New Factor to Characterize Mechanism of “Strong Column-Weak Beam” of RC Frame Structures

Most reinforced concrete(RC)frame structures did not achieve the "strong column-weak beam" failure mode in recent big earthquakes, resulting in a large number of casualties and significant property loss. To deal with this serious problem, a new column-beam relative factor was proposed to characterize the relative yield situation of column ends and beam ends. By limiting the column-beam relative factor, RC frame structures could achieve the "strong column-weak beam" failure mode under the excitation of strong ground motions. The limit values of column-beam relative factor were calculated, analyzed and verified by using structural simulation models for corner columns in the bottom story of structures, which are destroyed most seriously in earthquakes. The results show that the limit values should be analyzed under bi-directional ground motion and with different axial compression ratios of columns. The peak ground acceleration(PGA)of ground motions has no significant effect on the limit values, while the type of strong ground motions has a significant effect on the limit values.

Model Experiment on Integral Seismic Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Frame with Split Columns

Based on a series of previous studies, an experiment on the integral seismic behavior of a 1/3 scaled model of two-bay and three-story reinforced concrete frame with split columns at lower two stories is performed under cyclic loading. The original columns at lower two stories of the model frame are short columns and they are replaced by the split columns. The hysteresis curves between the horizontal cyclic load and the lateral displacement at the top of the model frame, indicate that under the cyclic loading, the model frame undergoes the process of cracking, yielding, and maximum loading before being destroyed at the ultimate load. They also indicate that the model frame has better ductility, and the ratio of the ultimate displacement to the yielding displacement, reaches 6.0. The yielding process of the model frame shows that for the frame with split columns, plastic hinges are generated at the ends of beams and then the columns begin yielding while the frame still possesses the bearing and deformation capacity. The design idea of directly changing the short column to long one in the reinforced concrete frame may be realized by replacing the short column with the split one.

Bilateral shear strength of rectangular frame column based on simplified space truss-arch model

To investigate the bilateral shear strength of rectangular frame column subjected to oblique horizontal load, we presented a simplified space truss-arch model developed from unilateral truss-arch model. Main parameters in the new model were the cross-sectional area, transverse reinforcement raito, axial load, and material strength of the column. The reduction coefficient of concrete sterength owing to the severe cracking of column was also introduced in the model. Finally, 14 specimens under oblique horizontal load were tested to verified the feasibility and applicability of the space truss-arch model.

Research on the structural design and the shock-resistant performance of the steel beam-concrete column frame structure

The steel beam-concrete column(RCS)frame structure is composed of the reinforced concrete columns and the steel beams,which is a composite structure with the superior performances.This kind of the frame structure has been rapidly developed and widely used in the field of the civil engineering because of its high building applicability,the fast construction speed,the low cost of the foundation and the good mechanical properties.Various kinds of the large-span,heavy-load and high-rise buildings emerge in endlessly,and the requirement for the structural performance is becoming higher and higher.The reinforced concrete column-steel beam composite frame structure is a high-performance structural system with the broad development prospects in China because of its good mechanical performance,durability,fire resistance and the building use space.

基于转动摩擦铰阻尼器的干式装配梁-柱节点抗震性能试验

基于转动摩擦铰阻尼器(RFHD),提出了转动摩擦耗能干式装配梁-柱节点(DRFDBJ)。为了验证DRFDBJ结构对于实现预期力学性能的可行性和合理性,以施加在摩擦片表面的螺栓预紧力(P_(c))为变量,开展了2个工况下的DRFDBJ试件低周往复拟静力试验研究。结果表明:DRFDBJ结构的力学性能主要由RFHD提供并控制,试验中节点呈现了稳定的承载力和理想的变形、耗能能力,并实现了预期的损伤集中;2个不同P_(c)水准下节点承载力的试验值与理论值误差不超过5%,通过调整P_(c)可实现节点承载力的调控,为DRFDBJ结构承载力的可调控提供了支撑。

设有叠合柱的局部错层RC框架结构地震易损性分析

为研究某一设有叠合柱的局部错层钢筋混凝土(reinforced concrete,RC)框架结构在近断层和远场地震作用下的破坏概率,自定义钢管混凝土叠合柱塑性铰参数,并与试验对比验证塑性铰参数的有效性。采用SAP2000建立非线性分析模型,选取近断层和远场地震波共22条,分别以地震峰值加速度(peak ground acceleration,PGA)和最大层间位移角作为地震动强度指标和结构性能指标,基于增量动力分析(incremental dynamic analysis,IDA)结果和点估计函数对错层框架结构进行易损性分析。结果表明:对于远场地震动,结构满足“三水准”抗震设防要求,在罕遇地震下超越防止倒塌极限状态的概率仅为0.24%;结构在近断层多遇地震下仍能满足“小震不坏”的设计要求,设防地震下结构超越修复后使用极限状态的概率为53.63%,发生中等破坏的概率较大,罕遇地震下结构达到倒塌极限状态的概率为5.37%,较远场地震作用破坏更为严重。研究结果可为错层框架结构的设计和地震风险评估提供参考。

成都中海天府新区超高层项目结构设计

成都中海天府新区超高层项目建筑高度488.9m,为西南地区已建和在建的最高建筑物。塔楼采用巨柱框架⁃伸臂桁架⁃核心筒结构体系,具有8个环带桁架层和2个伸臂层,无外围巨型斜撑,次框架柱不连续的特点。介绍塔楼结构设计策略,包括结构整体性能参数、抗震性能目标和关键构件的性能水准的设定。阐述基础、环带桁架、伸臂桁架、巨型钢管混凝土柱、角部大悬挑、塔冠的结构布置及设计;进行了次框架结构的防连续倒塌分析以及加强层楼板、水平支撑、斜柱、斜墙等关键构件的计算分析;给出了与巨柱、伸臂相连的关键节点的构造措施以及结构长期荷载效应下的施工模拟结果和处理措施等。结果表明,结构体系及布置合理安全,各构件能够满足预定的性能目标。

杭州电竞中心结构设计重难点概述

杭州电竞中心内圈主体结构采用钢框架-支撑结构,外圈采用“大倾角梭形斜柱+多段钢折梁框架”,是集承重与抗侧力于一体的结构体系,屋盖采用车辐式索承网格自平衡结构形式。详细介绍了地下结构、中央场馆结构的设计要点,门厅处利用建筑造型空间设计为多段钢折梁与跨层桁架相结合的结构形式;室内二层至三层楼面设计一浮空弧形人行桥,截面形式为薄壁钢箱梁,桥宽2.2m,跨度57m,采用“上挂下支”的稳定结构形式。对整体结构进行了静力弹性、动力弹塑性、振动台试验、典型节点有限元、整体稳定以及局部稳定等系列分析与试验。结果表明:结构在静力荷载和地震作用下强度和刚度均满足规范要求;典型节点极限承载力为荷载设计值的4.17倍;结构整体稳定性安全系数为3.79;斜柱局部稳定安全系数为2.52。合理的设计保证了结构的安全、经济和实用性。

柱脚不同连接形式钢框架-摇摆墙结构抗震性能对比分析

增设摇摆墙后框架结构地震下柱脚仍会发生一定程度的塑性损伤,将柱脚设置为铰接或提离后有望减轻上述缺陷。以三层、六层和九层钢框架为基准模型,分别建立柱脚固接、铰接及提离三种框架-摇摆墙结构模型并进行动力弹塑性时程分析,对比各结构最大侧向位移、层间位移角、峰值加速度、层间剪力、墙体剪力和弯矩等;进一步建立耗能连梁固接和铰接的对比模型,研究连梁连接方式对结构抗震性能的影响。结果表明:三层模型中柱脚固接时侧向位移、层间位移角、加速度、层间剪力及摇摆墙墙体剪力的控制效果最优,六层、九层模型中分别对应柱脚提离和柱脚铰接效果最好;摇摆墙墙体剪力图和弯矩图分别呈现“C形”和“反C形”,柱脚固接时墙体弯矩均为最小,与层数无关。柱脚固接耗能连梁两端采用固接最优,柱脚铰接和柱脚提离时耗能连梁两端采用铰接形式效果更优。此分析可为框架-摇摆墙结构进一步推广应用提供参考。

功能可恢复RCS混合框架结构研究进展

钢筋混凝土柱-钢梁(RCS)混合框架结构以其结合了混凝土优异的抗压性能及钢材优异的抗弯性能而受到广泛关注,而可恢复功能结构以其震后快速恢复使用功能的能力,也成为地震工程界研究的新热点。功能可恢复RCS混合框架结构可以在弯矩较大的梁端和柱脚部位设置可更换构件,实现结构的功能可恢复能力。文中简述了近年来功能可恢复RCS混合框架结构研究进展,重点关注各类型功能可恢复钢梁、功能可恢复摇摆柱脚的构造研究,介绍了功能可恢复RCS混合框架结构性能分析研究进展。最后,对功能可恢复RCS混合框架结构仍需深入研究的问题进行了展望。

铰接方钢管组合异形柱框架抗震性能研究

为解决村镇住宅体系存在的装配式程度及标准化程度较低、现场焊接工作繁多、室内建筑面积浪费等问题,提出了一种铰接方钢管组合异形柱框架体系。该体系中异形柱采用3根空钢管通过钢板与加劲肋组合而成的L形柱,梁柱节点为腹板螺栓连接的铰接节点。通过拟静力试验对该体系的抗震性能进行研究。研究结果表明:相比于铰接钢管混凝土组合异形柱,铰接空钢管组合异形柱框架体系先于梁端出现转角,最后破坏模式为柱脚破坏,具有更优良的抗震耗能和更缓慢的强度与刚度退化,并通过对比刚接节点和铰接节点的骨架曲线,发现节点刚接程度对结构整体的抗侧刚度影响较大。

提升RC框架结构抗震韧性的冗余柱性能分析

本文提出了一种通过设置可更换冗余柱以增强钢筋混凝土框架结构抗震韧性的方法。通过冗余柱纵筋在钢筋机械套筒里的锚固长度以控制冗余柱与框架连接节点处的钢筋失效,节点的刚性连接转变为铰链连接。以钢筋直径和锚固长度为变量,对钢筋机械连接套筒试件进行了13组拉伸试验和6组高应力拉压试验,每组包含3个试件,一个试件包含两段钢筋和一个机械套筒。试验结果表明,适当设计机械连接套筒锚固长度,可实现可控成铰性能。将实测数据应用于冗余柱的截面和构件仿真分析中,证明可通过改变钢筋于套筒锚固长度控制当冗余柱极限变形达到设计值时柱端自动成铰,使冗余柱损坏后仍为关键结构柱提供竖向承载能力,同时保护关键柱在遭遇强震时不易发生严重破坏。

甘溪特大桥空腹三角区施工阶段受力分析

甘溪特大桥是主跨300 m的空腹式连续刚构桥,空腹三角区上弦箱梁采用可伸缩部分立柱后支配合挂篮悬浇,下弦箱梁采用全斜拉扣挂法配合挂篮悬浇。为分析采用该施工方法在三角区临时结构体系中的受力特性,总结三角区临时结构体系施工过程中受力变化规律,验证施工方法的有效性,并提出临时扣索和支撑立柱的最佳解除时机,采用有限元结构分析软件模拟全桥施工过程。结果表明:采用该工法施工,结构受力满足规范要求。三角区施工过程中,已施工的上、下弦箱梁以受压为主,受下一节段混凝土浇筑、立柱支顶、扣索张拉等工序影响,其间会出现短暂轻微受拉状态。三角区合龙完成时,箱梁截面以受压为主,局部存在轻微受拉。全桥合龙后三角区箱梁为全受压状态,较三角区合龙状态压应力增加明显。临时扣索、立柱拆除后,上、下弦箱梁出现了明显的应力重分布,但仍为全受压状态。临时扣索索力峰值均出现在三角区合龙完成前,三角区合龙后总体呈下降趋势,临近拆除前有所回升。后方临时立柱在施工过程中支撑力总体呈下降趋势,前方立柱呈上升趋势,临近拆除前立柱支撑力增幅均较大。经比选,推荐全桥合龙后先拆立柱、再拆扣索。