Three Epimedium species, E. pubescens Maxim., E. sagittatum （Sieb. ＆ Zucc.） Maxim., and E. wushanense T. S. Ying, which are sympatrically distributed in the western Hubei Province, have been used in traditional Chi...Three Epimedium species, E. pubescens Maxim., E. sagittatum （Sieb. ＆ Zucc.） Maxim., and E. wushanense T. S. Ying, which are sympatrically distributed in the western Hubei Province, have been used in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） for about 2,000 years. Genetic variability and population genetic structure of 11 natural populations of these Epimedium species were investigated using isoelectric focusing in thin-layer polyacrylamide slab gels. Of the 22 enzyme systems prescreened, six coding for 13 loci and 45 alleles were resolved, which were used for analyzing genetic diversity and population structure at both intraspecific and interspecific levels. The results showed that： l） high levels of genetic diversity were observed in all three species （A = 2.6-3.2, P = 69.2%-84.6%, Ho= 0.274-0.377, HE= 0.282-0.369）, which were higher than that of other herbaceous and aulmal-pollinated species with similar life-history characteristics; 2） there was significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, with one half of the loci showing heterozygote excess and the other homozygote excess, in all populations, suggesting the complicated breeding system of Epimedium species; 3） the low level of intraspecific and interspecific genetic differentiation （GST= 0.0246-0.0409 and 0.0495-0.1213, respectively） indicated a high level of gene flow among populations and close genetic relationship among the three species; and 4） UPGMA cluster analysis further showed that E. pubescens was more closely related to E. sagittatum than to E. wushanense, which was in good agreement with the morphological characters and the recent phylogenetic analysis of these species. On the basis of these results, it was concluded that the mixed breeding system, long-lived perennial life form, ancient evolutionary history, and seed dispersal by ants in Epimedium are responsible for the genetic variation and population structure of these species.展开更多
Terra SAR-X图像的几何校正和辐射定标对于获取地面目标高精度地理位置信息和辐射特征具有重要意义。采用距离-多普勒间接定位模型和仿射校正模型进行SAR影像几何校正,同时完成地形辐射校正并对辐射定标精度进行验证。距离向和方位向上...Terra SAR-X图像的几何校正和辐射定标对于获取地面目标高精度地理位置信息和辐射特征具有重要意义。采用距离-多普勒间接定位模型和仿射校正模型进行SAR影像几何校正,同时完成地形辐射校正并对辐射定标精度进行验证。距离向和方位向上达到了约0.3 m和0.4 m的几何定位精度;相对辐射定标精度优于0.3 d B,绝对辐射定标精度为0.22 d B,所以该模型能达到方法较高的精度且简单快捷。展开更多
"S-E-T"是指:通过分析当前"社会、经济、技术"的状况,并预测未来发展趋势,进而找出现有产品和新趋势推动下所产生的需要或者改进可能性之间的缺口。以德国M U T E电动汽车为例,基于这三种因素对新产品机会进行了评..."S-E-T"是指:通过分析当前"社会、经济、技术"的状况,并预测未来发展趋势,进而找出现有产品和新趋势推动下所产生的需要或者改进可能性之间的缺口。以德国M U T E电动汽车为例,基于这三种因素对新产品机会进行了评估,并通过工业设计实现该机会。具体设计过程包括概念设计与造型设计,概念设计又包括车身工程设计、品牌规划两个阶段;造型设计部分又包括总体造型设计、标识性特征设计、细节设计三个阶段。最后对该方法进行了总结。展开更多
目的比较S. T. O. N. E.肾结石评分与Guy肾结石分级对经皮肾镜取石术(percutaneous nephroscope lithoipsy,PCNL)结石清除率预测的准确性。方法选择2015-01至2017-12在西安交通大学第二附属医院接受PCNL的患者146例,术前分别进行S. T. O...目的比较S. T. O. N. E.肾结石评分与Guy肾结石分级对经皮肾镜取石术(percutaneous nephroscope lithoipsy,PCNL)结石清除率预测的准确性。方法选择2015-01至2017-12在西安交通大学第二附属医院接受PCNL的患者146例,术前分别进行S. T. O. N. E.评分和Guy分级。术后统计结石清除率,分别计算S. T. O. N. E.评分和Guy分级的ROC曲线下面积,对比两种方法预测的准确性。结果结石清除率为73. 97%。S. T. O. N. E.肾结石评分预测PCNL术后结石清除率的准确性为74. 8%,最佳阈值为8. 5分,灵敏度为73. 7%,特异度为71. 3%; Guy分级预测PCNL术后结石清除率的准确性为71. 5%,最佳阈值为2. 5级,灵敏度为71. 1%,特异度为64. 8%。两种方法的ROC曲线下面积分别为0. 748和0. 715,无统计学差异。结论 S. T. O. N. E.评分与Guy分级均具有中等水平预测能力,均可用来评估PCNL术后结石清除率,两个方法的预测能力未见统计学差别。展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30570171), 100 Talents Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. 05045112), and Wuhan Chenguang Project (No. 20055003059-45).
文摘Three Epimedium species, E. pubescens Maxim., E. sagittatum （Sieb. ＆ Zucc.） Maxim., and E. wushanense T. S. Ying, which are sympatrically distributed in the western Hubei Province, have been used in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） for about 2,000 years. Genetic variability and population genetic structure of 11 natural populations of these Epimedium species were investigated using isoelectric focusing in thin-layer polyacrylamide slab gels. Of the 22 enzyme systems prescreened, six coding for 13 loci and 45 alleles were resolved, which were used for analyzing genetic diversity and population structure at both intraspecific and interspecific levels. The results showed that： l） high levels of genetic diversity were observed in all three species （A = 2.6-3.2, P = 69.2%-84.6%, Ho= 0.274-0.377, HE= 0.282-0.369）, which were higher than that of other herbaceous and aulmal-pollinated species with similar life-history characteristics; 2） there was significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, with one half of the loci showing heterozygote excess and the other homozygote excess, in all populations, suggesting the complicated breeding system of Epimedium species; 3） the low level of intraspecific and interspecific genetic differentiation （GST= 0.0246-0.0409 and 0.0495-0.1213, respectively） indicated a high level of gene flow among populations and close genetic relationship among the three species; and 4） UPGMA cluster analysis further showed that E. pubescens was more closely related to E. sagittatum than to E. wushanense, which was in good agreement with the morphological characters and the recent phylogenetic analysis of these species. On the basis of these results, it was concluded that the mixed breeding system, long-lived perennial life form, ancient evolutionary history, and seed dispersal by ants in Epimedium are responsible for the genetic variation and population structure of these species.
文摘Terra SAR-X图像的几何校正和辐射定标对于获取地面目标高精度地理位置信息和辐射特征具有重要意义。采用距离-多普勒间接定位模型和仿射校正模型进行SAR影像几何校正,同时完成地形辐射校正并对辐射定标精度进行验证。距离向和方位向上达到了约0.3 m和0.4 m的几何定位精度;相对辐射定标精度优于0.3 d B,绝对辐射定标精度为0.22 d B,所以该模型能达到方法较高的精度且简单快捷。
文摘"S-E-T"是指:通过分析当前"社会、经济、技术"的状况,并预测未来发展趋势,进而找出现有产品和新趋势推动下所产生的需要或者改进可能性之间的缺口。以德国M U T E电动汽车为例,基于这三种因素对新产品机会进行了评估,并通过工业设计实现该机会。具体设计过程包括概念设计与造型设计,概念设计又包括车身工程设计、品牌规划两个阶段;造型设计部分又包括总体造型设计、标识性特征设计、细节设计三个阶段。最后对该方法进行了总结。
文摘目的比较S. T. O. N. E.肾结石评分与Guy肾结石分级对经皮肾镜取石术(percutaneous nephroscope lithoipsy,PCNL)结石清除率预测的准确性。方法选择2015-01至2017-12在西安交通大学第二附属医院接受PCNL的患者146例,术前分别进行S. T. O. N. E.评分和Guy分级。术后统计结石清除率,分别计算S. T. O. N. E.评分和Guy分级的ROC曲线下面积,对比两种方法预测的准确性。结果结石清除率为73. 97%。S. T. O. N. E.肾结石评分预测PCNL术后结石清除率的准确性为74. 8%,最佳阈值为8. 5分,灵敏度为73. 7%,特异度为71. 3%; Guy分级预测PCNL术后结石清除率的准确性为71. 5%,最佳阈值为2. 5级,灵敏度为71. 1%,特异度为64. 8%。两种方法的ROC曲线下面积分别为0. 748和0. 715,无统计学差异。结论 S. T. O. N. E.评分与Guy分级均具有中等水平预测能力,均可用来评估PCNL术后结石清除率,两个方法的预测能力未见统计学差别。
