Functional recovery is the final goal in the treatment of spinal cord injury. However, to date, few treatment strategies have demonstrated significant locomotor improvement in animal experiments. By using tail nerve e...Functional recovery is the final goal in the treatment of spinal cord injury. However, to date, few treatment strategies have demonstrated significant locomotor improvement in animal experiments. By using tail nerve electrical stimulation (TANES) as an open-field locomotor training method combined with glial scar ablation and cell transplantation, we have successfully promoted locomotor recovery in rats with chronic spinal cord contusion injury. The purpose of the present study is to further investigate the mechanism of TANES and its effect on electrophysiology. Spinal cord segment T10 of female, adult Long-Evans rats was contused using the NYU impactor device with 25 mm height setting. After injury, rats were randomly divided into three groups. Group I was used as a control without any treatment, group II and group III were subjected to basic treatment including glial scar ablation and transplantation of olfactory lamina propria 6 weeks after injury, and group III received TANES-induced open-field locomotor training weekly after basic treatment. All animals were allowed to survive 22 weeks, except some rats which were transected. Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) open-field locomotor rating scale, horizontal ladder rung walking test, and electrophysiological tests were used to assess the restoration of functional behavior and conduction. Results showed that TANES significantly improves locomotor recovery and spinal cord conduction, reflex, as well as significantly reduces the occurrence of autophagia. Additionally, after transection, trained rats still maintained higher BBB score than that of control rats. This may be related to the activity-dependent plasticity promoted by TANES-induced locomotor training.展开更多
Two new species of Curcuma, C. sattayasaii A. Chaveerach ＆ R. Sudmoon and C. zedoaroides A. Chaveerach ＆ T. Tanee with rhizomes traditionally used for many decades as cobra-bite antidotes are described and illustrat...Two new species of Curcuma, C. sattayasaii A. Chaveerach ＆ R. Sudmoon and C. zedoaroides A. Chaveerach ＆ T. Tanee with rhizomes traditionally used for many decades as cobra-bite antidotes are described and illustrated. Curcuma sattayasaii is similar to C. longa L., but differs in rhizome horizontally branching on ground; coma bracts pinkish-white or pinkish-pale green; corolla pale yellow with orange tip; labellum pale orange with an orange central band; anther crest very short, broadly ovate, wider than long. Curcuma zedoaroides is similar to C. zedoaria （Christm.） Roscoe, but differs in rhizome branching pattern; the protruding secondary rhizomes curved down; blades oblong to oblong-lanceolate; peduncle glabrous; fertile and coma bracts glabrous; corolla lobes pale yellow to white, lateral lobe ovate, dorsal lobe broadly ovate. The new taxa have been found in a village of Khon Kaen Province, Northeastern Thailand.展开更多
Nel corso del 1991 è stato effettuato un censimento delle tane di Tasso Meles melesin un’area molto antropizzata della Pianura Padana posta alla conflaenza del flume Lambro nel flumePo, estesa per 103 Km^2. Si s...Nel corso del 1991 è stato effettuato un censimento delle tane di Tasso Meles melesin un’area molto antropizzata della Pianura Padana posta alla conflaenza del flume Lambro nel flumePo, estesa per 103 Km^2. Si sono individuate 24 tane (0,2 Km^2). Density and distribution of Badger’s setts (Meles meles) in the Lower Lodigiano (NorthernItaly). A census of the Badger’s setts (Meles meles) was carried out in 1991 in a densely inhabited areaof the Po Plain, near the mouth of the river Lambro into the Po. In the study area (extended for103 Km^2) 24 setts have been found (0,2 Km^2).展开更多
文摘Functional recovery is the final goal in the treatment of spinal cord injury. However, to date, few treatment strategies have demonstrated significant locomotor improvement in animal experiments. By using tail nerve electrical stimulation (TANES) as an open-field locomotor training method combined with glial scar ablation and cell transplantation, we have successfully promoted locomotor recovery in rats with chronic spinal cord contusion injury. The purpose of the present study is to further investigate the mechanism of TANES and its effect on electrophysiology. Spinal cord segment T10 of female, adult Long-Evans rats was contused using the NYU impactor device with 25 mm height setting. After injury, rats were randomly divided into three groups. Group I was used as a control without any treatment, group II and group III were subjected to basic treatment including glial scar ablation and transplantation of olfactory lamina propria 6 weeks after injury, and group III received TANES-induced open-field locomotor training weekly after basic treatment. All animals were allowed to survive 22 weeks, except some rats which were transected. Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) open-field locomotor rating scale, horizontal ladder rung walking test, and electrophysiological tests were used to assess the restoration of functional behavior and conduction. Results showed that TANES significantly improves locomotor recovery and spinal cord conduction, reflex, as well as significantly reduces the occurrence of autophagia. Additionally, after transection, trained rats still maintained higher BBB score than that of control rats. This may be related to the activity-dependent plasticity promoted by TANES-induced locomotor training.
文摘Two new species of Curcuma, C. sattayasaii A. Chaveerach ＆ R. Sudmoon and C. zedoaroides A. Chaveerach ＆ T. Tanee with rhizomes traditionally used for many decades as cobra-bite antidotes are described and illustrated. Curcuma sattayasaii is similar to C. longa L., but differs in rhizome horizontally branching on ground; coma bracts pinkish-white or pinkish-pale green; corolla pale yellow with orange tip; labellum pale orange with an orange central band; anther crest very short, broadly ovate, wider than long. Curcuma zedoaroides is similar to C. zedoaria （Christm.） Roscoe, but differs in rhizome branching pattern; the protruding secondary rhizomes curved down; blades oblong to oblong-lanceolate; peduncle glabrous; fertile and coma bracts glabrous; corolla lobes pale yellow to white, lateral lobe ovate, dorsal lobe broadly ovate. The new taxa have been found in a village of Khon Kaen Province, Northeastern Thailand.
文摘Nel corso del 1991 è stato effettuato un censimento delle tane di Tasso Meles melesin un’area molto antropizzata della Pianura Padana posta alla conflaenza del flume Lambro nel flumePo, estesa per 103 Km^2. Si sono individuate 24 tane (0,2 Km^2). Density and distribution of Badger’s setts (Meles meles) in the Lower Lodigiano (NorthernItaly). A census of the Badger’s setts (Meles meles) was carried out in 1991 in a densely inhabited areaof the Po Plain, near the mouth of the river Lambro into the Po. In the study area (extended for103 Km^2) 24 setts have been found (0,2 Km^2).
