Threaded Algebraic Space Time (TAST) codes developed by Gamal et al. is a powerful class of space time codes in which different layers are combined and separated by appropriate Diophantine number . In this paper we in...Threaded Algebraic Space Time (TAST) codes developed by Gamal et al. is a powerful class of space time codes in which different layers are combined and separated by appropriate Diophantine number . In this paper we introduce a technique of block layering in TAST codes, in which a series of layers (we call it Block layers) has more than one transmit antenna at the same time instant. As a result we use fewer layers (Diophantine numbers) for the four transmit antennas scheme, which enhances the coding gain of our proposed scheme. In each block layer we incorporate Alamouti’s transmit diversity scheme which decreases the decoding complexity. The proposed code achieves a normalized rate of 2 symbol/s. Simulation result shows that this type of codes outperforms TAST codes in certain scenarios.展开更多
纹状代数空时码(Threaded Algebraic Space Time code,TAST)具有在不牺牲码率的条件下获得全部分集增益的良好性能,适合于高速率传输。该文分析了全速率全分集TAST码的迫零(Zero-Forcing,ZF)检测性能,并与贝尔实验室垂直分层空时码(VBLA...纹状代数空时码(Threaded Algebraic Space Time code,TAST)具有在不牺牲码率的条件下获得全部分集增益的良好性能,适合于高速率传输。该文分析了全速率全分集TAST码的迫零(Zero-Forcing,ZF)检测性能,并与贝尔实验室垂直分层空时码(VBLAST)的检测性能进行比较。分析和仿真结果都表明:TAST码的ZF检测性能优于VBLAST,但其迫零排序逐次干扰抵消(ZF-Ordered Successive Interference Cancellation,ZFOSIC)检测的性能却差于VBLAST。展开更多
Objective To investigate the gustatory neural response of the neurons to five basic taste stimuli in the parabrachial nucleus (PBN). Methods Evoked responses from PBN taste neurons to tastants were recorded using st...Objective To investigate the gustatory neural response of the neurons to five basic taste stimuli in the parabrachial nucleus (PBN). Methods Evoked responses from PBN taste neurons to tastants were recorded using standard extracellular microelectrode technique. Results 46 taste neurons were recorded in PBN, and most of them were broadly responsive. On the basis of their most effective taste stimuli, these taste neurons were classified into five types. Those are NaCl-, HCl-, quinine-, sucrose-, and monosodium glutamate (MSG)-best neurons. Except for the quinine-best neurons, the responses of each best-stimulus category to its best stimulus were significantly stronger than those of others (P<0.01). The results of correlation analysis showed that the correlations between sucrose and each of the other 4 tastants were smaller than those among others. Conclusion The results suggest that PBN taste neurons probably play an important role in discriminating for hedonic taste.展开更多
The sense of taste plays a crucial role in herbivorous insects by discriminating nutrients from complex plant metabolic compounds.The peripheral coding of taste has been thoroughly studied in many insect species,but t...The sense of taste plays a crucial role in herbivorous insects by discriminating nutrients from complex plant metabolic compounds.The peripheral coding of taste has been thoroughly studied in many insect species,but the central gustatory pathways are poorly described.In the present study,we characterized single neurons in the gnathal ganglion of Helicoverpa armigera larvae using the intracellular recording/staining technique.We identified different types of neurons,including sensory neurons,interneurons,and motor neurons.The morphologies of these neurons were largely diverse and their arborizations seemingly covered the whole gnathal ganglion.The representation of the single neurons responding to the relevant stimuli of sweet and bitter cues showed no distinct patterns in the gnathal ganglion.We postulate that taste signals may be processed in a manner consistent with the principle of population coding in the gnathal ganglion of H.armigera larvae.展开更多
文摘Threaded Algebraic Space Time (TAST) codes developed by Gamal et al. is a powerful class of space time codes in which different layers are combined and separated by appropriate Diophantine number . In this paper we introduce a technique of block layering in TAST codes, in which a series of layers (we call it Block layers) has more than one transmit antenna at the same time instant. As a result we use fewer layers (Diophantine numbers) for the four transmit antennas scheme, which enhances the coding gain of our proposed scheme. In each block layer we incorporate Alamouti’s transmit diversity scheme which decreases the decoding complexity. The proposed code achieves a normalized rate of 2 symbol/s. Simulation result shows that this type of codes outperforms TAST codes in certain scenarios.
文摘纹状代数空时码(Threaded Algebraic Space Time code,TAST)具有在不牺牲码率的条件下获得全部分集增益的良好性能,适合于高速率传输。该文分析了全速率全分集TAST码的迫零(Zero-Forcing,ZF)检测性能,并与贝尔实验室垂直分层空时码(VBLAST)的检测性能进行比较。分析和仿真结果都表明:TAST码的ZF检测性能优于VBLAST,但其迫零排序逐次干扰抵消(ZF-Ordered Successive Interference Cancellation,ZFOSIC)检测的性能却差于VBLAST。
基金ThisresearchwassupportedbytheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina (No .39870 2 71)
文摘Objective To investigate the gustatory neural response of the neurons to five basic taste stimuli in the parabrachial nucleus (PBN). Methods Evoked responses from PBN taste neurons to tastants were recorded using standard extracellular microelectrode technique. Results 46 taste neurons were recorded in PBN, and most of them were broadly responsive. On the basis of their most effective taste stimuli, these taste neurons were classified into five types. Those are NaCl-, HCl-, quinine-, sucrose-, and monosodium glutamate (MSG)-best neurons. Except for the quinine-best neurons, the responses of each best-stimulus category to its best stimulus were significantly stronger than those of others (P<0.01). The results of correlation analysis showed that the correlations between sucrose and each of the other 4 tastants were smaller than those among others. Conclusion The results suggest that PBN taste neurons probably play an important role in discriminating for hedonic taste.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31861133019,31672367)the Program for Science and Technology Innovation Talents in University of Henan Province(19HASTIT011)the Key Scientific and Technological Project of Henan Province of China(202102110072).
文摘The sense of taste plays a crucial role in herbivorous insects by discriminating nutrients from complex plant metabolic compounds.The peripheral coding of taste has been thoroughly studied in many insect species,but the central gustatory pathways are poorly described.In the present study,we characterized single neurons in the gnathal ganglion of Helicoverpa armigera larvae using the intracellular recording/staining technique.We identified different types of neurons,including sensory neurons,interneurons,and motor neurons.The morphologies of these neurons were largely diverse and their arborizations seemingly covered the whole gnathal ganglion.The representation of the single neurons responding to the relevant stimuli of sweet and bitter cues showed no distinct patterns in the gnathal ganglion.We postulate that taste signals may be processed in a manner consistent with the principle of population coding in the gnathal ganglion of H.armigera larvae.
