This paper introduces an innovative approach to the synchronized demand-capacity balance with special focus on sector capacity uncertainty within a centrally controlled collaborative air traffic flow management(ATFM)f...This paper introduces an innovative approach to the synchronized demand-capacity balance with special focus on sector capacity uncertainty within a centrally controlled collaborative air traffic flow management(ATFM)framework.Further with previous study,the uncertainty in capacity is considered as a non-negligible issue regarding multiple reasons,like the impact of weather,the strike of air traffic controllers(ATCOs),the military use of airspace and the spatiotemporal distribution of nonscheduled flights,etc.These recessive factors affect the outcome of traffic flow optimization.In this research,the focus is placed on the impact of sector capacity uncertainty on demand and capacity balancing(DCB)optimization and ATFM,and multiple options,such as delay assignment and rerouting,are intended for regulating the traffic flow.A scenario optimization method for sector capacity in the presence of uncertainties is used to find the approximately optimal solution.The results show that the proposed approach can achieve better demand and capacity balancing and determine perfect integer solutions to ATFM problems,solving large-scale instances(24 h on seven capacity scenarios,with 6255 flights and 8949 trajectories)in 5-15 min.To the best of our knowledge,our experiment is the first to tackle large-scale instances of stochastic ATFM problems within the collaborative ATFM framework.展开更多
Management tactics for urban traffic management are presented.The tactics that underlie traffic demand management （TDM） are preferential development tactics, controlled development tactics,prohibited development tac...Management tactics for urban traffic management are presented.The tactics that underlie traffic demand management （TDM） are preferential development tactics, controlled development tactics,prohibited development tactics and economic lever tactics,and those that underlie traffic system management （TSM） are node traffic management tactics,arterial traffic management tactics and area traffic management tactics.The specific contents and design methods of urban traffic total demand control,urban traffic structure optimization,road traffic movement organization based on TDM and intersection traffic management,road signs and markings management,optimized design of traffic signals and management of parking spaces based on TSM are put forward.The urban traffic management planning scheme design method has already been used in the urban traffic management “Smooth Traffic Project” in China.展开更多
Most current Travel Demand Management(TDM)programs such as vanpooling,ridesharing,or transit focus on managing travel demand of specific groups of commuters but are limited in effectively managing demand for automobil...Most current Travel Demand Management(TDM)programs such as vanpooling,ridesharing,or transit focus on managing travel demand of specific groups of commuters but are limited in effectively managing demand for automobile drivers,who are unable or unwilling to participate in such programs.This paper highlights results from a pilot field study conducted in a large west coast city experiencing major traffic congestion,and documents results of the use of an incentive-based active demand management(ADM)system focusing on automobile commuters.The system,called“Metropia,”predicts future traffic conditions,applies a proprietary routing algorithm to find time-dependent shortest paths for different departure times,and,based on user request,provides automobile travelers with multiple departure times and route choices.Each of these travel choices are assigned points values,with higher points(and thus more valuable rewards)available for travelling during off-peak times and less congested routes,and lower points available for peak traffic travel times.The goal of this ADM system is to improve traffic flow and commuter travel times citywide,alleviating heavily congested areas without the use of new roadway construction by incentivizing travelers to change their travel behavior and avoid traffic congestion.The level of rewards points available to users(commuters)by the system depends on the travelers’behavioral change degree and their contributions to traffic congestion alleviation.This system was implemented in Los Angeles,Calif.,USA,as a small scale pilot field study carried out beginning April 2013 and lasting for 10 weeks.Results from this field study show the system is able to accurately predict travel time with Relative Mean Absolute Error(RMAE)as low as 15.20%.Significant travel behavior changes were observed which validate the concept of using incentives to influence people’s travel behavior.Furthermore,field study results show 20%travel time can be saved for people who changed their travel behavior.展开更多
The Transport Authority of Clermont-Ferrand(France)has been facing the challenge of overcrowding on its tramway line for many years.It therefore considered an innovative approach to tackle the issue,by focusing on dem...The Transport Authority of Clermont-Ferrand(France)has been facing the challenge of overcrowding on its tramway line for many years.It therefore considered an innovative approach to tackle the issue,by focusing on demand management.The objective is to convince some organizations located along the line to change their working arrangements,so that their employees would avoid travelling during peak hours on the line.TTK,a German-French mobility planning and consulting company,was in charge of studying the opportunity and feasibility of this approach.For that purpose,a model was developed to assess how changes could improve the line overcrowding(or,how they could worsen the situation if not coordinated).This model was developed in-house,as traditional macro-simulation tools cannot be precise enough to understand the impact of 5 or 10 min changes on the line saturation.Model results identified several opportunities,and two organizations took first steps to implement change.Even with the sole participation of those two organizations,the SMTC saw a decrease of 5%demand at the peak times over a one-year period,a demand spread to off-peak times.This encouraging result led the SMTC to keep working with the organizations to develop this dynamic to other sites.展开更多
文摘This paper introduces an innovative approach to the synchronized demand-capacity balance with special focus on sector capacity uncertainty within a centrally controlled collaborative air traffic flow management(ATFM)framework.Further with previous study,the uncertainty in capacity is considered as a non-negligible issue regarding multiple reasons,like the impact of weather,the strike of air traffic controllers(ATCOs),the military use of airspace and the spatiotemporal distribution of nonscheduled flights,etc.These recessive factors affect the outcome of traffic flow optimization.In this research,the focus is placed on the impact of sector capacity uncertainty on demand and capacity balancing(DCB)optimization and ATFM,and multiple options,such as delay assignment and rerouting,are intended for regulating the traffic flow.A scenario optimization method for sector capacity in the presence of uncertainties is used to find the approximately optimal solution.The results show that the proposed approach can achieve better demand and capacity balancing and determine perfect integer solutions to ATFM problems,solving large-scale instances(24 h on seven capacity scenarios,with 6255 flights and 8949 trajectories)in 5-15 min.To the best of our knowledge,our experiment is the first to tackle large-scale instances of stochastic ATFM problems within the collaborative ATFM framework.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50378016).
文摘Management tactics for urban traffic management are presented.The tactics that underlie traffic demand management （TDM） are preferential development tactics, controlled development tactics,prohibited development tactics and economic lever tactics,and those that underlie traffic system management （TSM） are node traffic management tactics,arterial traffic management tactics and area traffic management tactics.The specific contents and design methods of urban traffic total demand control,urban traffic structure optimization,road traffic movement organization based on TDM and intersection traffic management,road signs and markings management,optimized design of traffic signals and management of parking spaces based on TSM are put forward.The urban traffic management planning scheme design method has already been used in the urban traffic management “Smooth Traffic Project” in China.
文摘Most current Travel Demand Management(TDM)programs such as vanpooling,ridesharing,or transit focus on managing travel demand of specific groups of commuters but are limited in effectively managing demand for automobile drivers,who are unable or unwilling to participate in such programs.This paper highlights results from a pilot field study conducted in a large west coast city experiencing major traffic congestion,and documents results of the use of an incentive-based active demand management(ADM)system focusing on automobile commuters.The system,called“Metropia,”predicts future traffic conditions,applies a proprietary routing algorithm to find time-dependent shortest paths for different departure times,and,based on user request,provides automobile travelers with multiple departure times and route choices.Each of these travel choices are assigned points values,with higher points(and thus more valuable rewards)available for travelling during off-peak times and less congested routes,and lower points available for peak traffic travel times.The goal of this ADM system is to improve traffic flow and commuter travel times citywide,alleviating heavily congested areas without the use of new roadway construction by incentivizing travelers to change their travel behavior and avoid traffic congestion.The level of rewards points available to users(commuters)by the system depends on the travelers’behavioral change degree and their contributions to traffic congestion alleviation.This system was implemented in Los Angeles,Calif.,USA,as a small scale pilot field study carried out beginning April 2013 and lasting for 10 weeks.Results from this field study show the system is able to accurately predict travel time with Relative Mean Absolute Error(RMAE)as low as 15.20%.Significant travel behavior changes were observed which validate the concept of using incentives to influence people’s travel behavior.Furthermore,field study results show 20%travel time can be saved for people who changed their travel behavior.
文摘The Transport Authority of Clermont-Ferrand(France)has been facing the challenge of overcrowding on its tramway line for many years.It therefore considered an innovative approach to tackle the issue,by focusing on demand management.The objective is to convince some organizations located along the line to change their working arrangements,so that their employees would avoid travelling during peak hours on the line.TTK,a German-French mobility planning and consulting company,was in charge of studying the opportunity and feasibility of this approach.For that purpose,a model was developed to assess how changes could improve the line overcrowding(or,how they could worsen the situation if not coordinated).This model was developed in-house,as traditional macro-simulation tools cannot be precise enough to understand the impact of 5 or 10 min changes on the line saturation.Model results identified several opportunities,and two organizations took first steps to implement change.Even with the sole participation of those two organizations,the SMTC saw a decrease of 5%demand at the peak times over a one-year period,a demand spread to off-peak times.This encouraging result led the SMTC to keep working with the organizations to develop this dynamic to other sites.
