Technical Components of Total Factor Productivity Growth in Malaysian Manufacturing Industry

This article attempts to disaggregate and explore the components of TFP growth that contribute to changes in output, scale of production, and allocative efficiency and technical efficiency of the Malaysian manufacturing sector. The total factor productivity (TFP) concept defined as total output per unit of all inputs used in the production of an industry has gained a prominent place in academia. The investigation on TFP growth is obviously useful for identifying sources of output growth in the development of an industry. The TFP growth is often interchangeably understood as the technical progress or changes in technology as the sole contributor to economic development. Nonetheless there are other factors contributing to its substance. Knowledge on these technical changes would help decision makers to realize the strengths and weaknesses that contribute to the growth and development of an industry. Alternatively this research would be more beneficial in the case of cross-industry or cross-country comparative studies in order to plan for developmental goal. In such a case a model industry or country can be chosen that exhibits special growth features.

Does innovative city pilot policy promote urban green growth in China?An analysis of green total factor productivity,2005-2020

The innovative city pilot policy(ICPP)is an essential manifestation of China’s construction of an innovative and green-driven development country.We incorporated urban green total factor productivity(GTFP)growth into the evaluation of ICPP.Based on the panel data of 223 cities in China from 2005 to 2020,we used the difference-in-differences model to empirically assess the influence and mechanism of the ICPP on urban GTFP growth.The main results show that(i)The ICPP has maintained an effectively fluctuating promotion on urban GTFP growth,mainly manifested in the urban green technological progress improvement.(ii)The ICPP has urban heterogeneity in promoting GTFP growth in pilot cities,mainly affecting key cities such as provincial capitals.(iii)The interaction between the agglomeration of producer services and the ICPP inhibits GTFP growth in pilot cities.

Growth in Total Factor Productivity of Shandong Province for Environmental Constraints

This paper analyzed the total factor productivity of Shandong Province and its impact on the local economic environment through Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index. The results of the paper were included as follows. Without consideration of the environmental constraints, Index M of the total factor productivity of Shandong Province from high to low was Heze, Jinan, Qingdao, Weihai, Dongying, Zaozhuang, Jining, Tai'an, Dezhou, Liaocheng, Yantai, Zibo, Weifang, Linyi, Binzhou, Rizhao, Laiwu, among which Index M of Linyi, Binzhou, Rizhao, Laiwuwere were less than 1; taking the environmental constraints into account, Index ML of the total factor productivity of Shandong Province was reduced, from high to low was Jinan, Qingdao, Weihai, Yantai, Heze, Liaocheng, Tai'an, Weifang, Jining, Linyi, Zibo, Dongying, Zaozhuang, Rizhao, Laiwu, Binzhou, Dezhou, among which Index ML of 9 cities behind Jining were less than 1. In terms of the development mode, Jinan, Qingdao, Tai'an, Weihai, Jining and Heze were resource-conserving and environment-friendly cities; Dongying and Zaozhuang were resourceconserving and environment-polluted cities; Liaocheng, Linyi, Weifang and Yantai were resource-wasted and environment-friendly cities; Binzhou, Dezhou, Laiwu, Rizhao and Zibo were resource-wasted and environment-pol uted cities.

Transportation Infrastructure and Productivity Growth:Effects of Railway Speed-Up on Firm's TFP in China

Improvement of transportation infrastructure quality will lead to more sufficient market competition and promote the flow of resources with greater efficiency. This paper considers China's railway speed-up in 2007 as a quasi-natural experiment on China's transportation infrastructure quality improvement. With the initial operation of electric multiple units(EMUs) as the basis of grouping, this research examines the effect of railway speed-up on corporate total factor productivity(TFP) growth by the differencein-differences(DID) method. Overally, the results reveal positive effects both on firms' technological change and efficiency improvement, which lead to the increase of TFP. Based on subsamples divided by different regions and types of enterprises, further analysis indicates that the productivity of exporter, non-state and coastal firms has been mostly affected by the railway speed-up. These conclusions are verified by a placebo test. Besides, firms within "one-hour economic circle" have been shown more sensitive to the effect of railway speed increase.

Assessing Total Factor Productivity for Soybean Production in China Based on DEA-Malmquist Index: 2005-2017

The low and slowly increasing soybean yield restricts the development of soybean production. Accurate measures of total factor productivity (TFP) for soybean production can be helpful in identifying conditions, institutions or policies that promote soybean production development in China. In this paper, TFP growth for soybean production was estimated for a panel data of 10 major soybean producing provinces from 2005 to 2017. Results reveal that TFP grew at an average rate of 1.3% over the whole period, with technical progress contributing 2.3% and efficiency change providing the other -1.0%. The change of TFP for soybean production over that time, whether increase or decline, was mainly derived by technical change except in three years (2005-2007). Positive TFP growth in the provinces of Liaoning and Inner Mongolia, and negative TFP growth in Hebei and Anhui were mainly driven by efficiency change, specifically scale efficiency change except pure technical efficiency in Liaoning.

The Impact of the Establishment of National High-tech Zones on Total Factor Productivity of Chinese Enterprises

The National High-tech Zone(NHTZs)is an important strategic platform for cultivating high-tech industries and realizing high-quality economic development in China.Based on the combined data from 2006 to 2014 of the industrial enterprise database,the customs database,and the China Development Zones Audit and Announcement Catalogue(abbreviated asthe Catalogue),this paper systematically investigates the influence of the construction of NHTZs on enterprise’s total factor productivity(TFP).Results show that NHTZs have a positive impact on the TFP of enterprises in the zone,and this conclusion is still valid after considering endogeneity problems.Furthermore,the above productivity effects of NHTZs are heterogeneous in terms of enterprise ownership,external environment and establishment time,and NHTZs have greater stimulation effects on enterprise productivity after comparing with other types of functional zones.An investigation of the specific mechanisms at play shows that NHTZs promote the TFP of enterprises in the zone through the release of preferential policies,strengthening the“technology spillover effects”of imported intermediate goods,enhancing enterprise’s innovation ability and attracting talent.In addition,based on the decomposition of industry productivity,this paper also investigates the impact of NHTZs on changes in industry productivity and finds that NHTZs promote the overall productivity of specific industries mainly by stimulating the productivity improvement of incumbent enterprises and expanding the market share of high-productivity enterprises.Moreover,the preferential policies of NHTZs do not significantly stimulate high-productivity enterprises to enter the zones,nor do they cause low-productivity enterprises to exit.This research is helpful in objectively evaluating the economic effects of the NHTZs in China and in providing a theoretical basis for its further adjustment.

Agricultural Total Factor Productivity and Income Gap between Urban and Rural Residents--An Empirical Study Based on Provincial Panel Data

Taking the relevant data of 27 provinces in China during 2013 and 2017 as samples,this paper firstly measured the agricultural total factor productivity( TFP) using Malmquist index method. Then,it built the panel data model,and empirically tested the impacts of agricultural TFP on the income gap between urban and rural residents. The results show that the improvement in agricultural TFP can promote the narrowing of the income gap between urban and rural residents,and the factors such as urbanization level and industrial structure also have significant impacts on the income gap between urban and rural residents. On the basis of these,it came up with recommendations,including increasing agricultural human capital investment and establishing agricultural production research institutions.

Creative Industries Agglomeration,Regional Innovation and Productivity Growth in China

This paper falls into the broad area of economic geography and economics of creativity,and it presents an alternative approach to explain why total factor productivity(TFP)growth is different across China′s regions.It establishes an empirical model to estimate the spatial agglomeration effects of creative industries on regional TFP growth,using China′s provincial panel data during the period of 2003 to 2010.We found that the creative industries agglomeration(CIA)has significant and positive impact on regional TFP growth.The result also implies that the CIA can facilitate regional TFP growth through promoting regional innovation instead of improving regional efficiency.Therefore,we argue that policy makers should take some measures to retain and establish more creative zones.

Productivity Growth in China's Agriculture During 1985-2010

This paper made an empirical analysis of China＇s agricultural growth path and influential factors using the province-level panel data of agricultural inputs and outputs during 1985-2010.The findings indicate that the increase in agricultural inputs and TFP contributed 40.6 and 55.2% to the agricultural output growth,respectively;China＇s agriculture had jumped out of the pattern which output growth was mainly driven by increasing input.Of the total inputs,chemical fertilizer had the most important contribution to the output growth,followed by mechanical inputs.The contribution of land and labor was negative.China＇s agricultural output growth belonged to the type of induced technology innovation.China＇s agricultural TFP growth had characteristics of fluctuations over time and unbalanced between regions,but the gap between the eastern,the middle,and the western regions has been narrowed.

Transition from Demographic Dividend to Reform Dividend:——Simulation of China's Potential Growth Rate

Due to diminishing demographic dividend characterized by a falling workingage population and rising dependency ratio, China's long-term potential growth rates will keep declining, likely to be a mere 6.6% during the 13 th Five-Year Plan period(2016-2020). China's economic growth sustainability hinges upon its transition from the previous dependence on demographic dividend to the future reform dividend. In the growth accounting equation, we have simulated various reform initiatives and arrived at the following findings. First, although both the labor participation rate and TFP can increase China's potential growth rate, the former will only achieve a short-term growth effect, which will diminish in the long run. By contrast, the growth effect of TFP demonstrates the tendency of continuous increase. This further indicates that China's economic growth will increasingly rely on TFP improvement instead of traditional factor input. Second, different from the diminishing growth effect of enrolment rate, training may play a pivotal role in human capital development to significantly enhance potential growth rates. Third, if all reform initiatives can achieve their expected effects, integrated reform dividends may reach one or two percentage points of China's potential growth rate.

基于TFP视角的西部大开发战略实施绩效评价

在1992～2007年面板数据的基础之上,运用Malmquist生产率指数,从全要素生产率(TFP)角度分析了西部大开发战略的实施绩效。研究发现,西部大开发战略的实施,使得西部地区全要素生产率增长率在全国平均TFP增长率处于下滑趋势的情况下,从1992～1999年期间的-0.9%上升到2000～2007年期间的1.2%。从区域差异来看,西部大开发战略实施前西部地区TFP增长率低于全国平均水平,且在三大区域中处于最低水平;而在西部大开发战略实施后,西部地区TFP增长率远高于全国平均水平,且在三大区域中处于最高水平。因此,从全要素生产率角度来看,西部大开发战略实施绩效显著。

我国大豆全要素生产率增长的变动与分解——基于Hicks-Moorsteen TFP指数的研究

【目的】探索国内大豆产业的发展潜力和发展空间,提高大豆的综合生产能力,实现大豆生产的可持续发展。【方法】利用1980~2012年我国10个大豆主产区大豆投入和产出的面板数据,采用加总数量框架下的乘积完备Hicks-Moorsteen TFP指数法,对我国大豆全要素生产率的增长进行测度,并提出相应的对策建议。【结果】1980~2012年,我国大豆全要素生产率（TFP）年均增长0.6%,大豆生产的技术进步年均增长1.7%,是大豆全要素生产率增长的主要驱动力;技术效率（TE）、混合效率（ME）和剩余规模效率（RSE）年均损失分别为0.5%、0.2%和0.4%;东北地区、西部地区和黄淮海地区的大豆生产TFP增长表现出依次递减的趋势,三大地区大豆生产技术效率均存在损失。【建议】应该加大大豆生产的投入力度、提高人力资本水平、大豆各生产区采取差异化策略、完善制度建设,以实现我国大豆生产可持续均衡发展。

农业效率增进、技术进步区域差异及TFP分解

基于随机前沿模型(SFA),文章对1985-2008年中国29个省级地区农业生产效率进行测算和全要素生产率分解。研究表明,中国农业生产效率总体水平不高,尚有较大的提升空间;存在较为显著的时际差异和区际差异;农业全要素生产率与技术进步率均有提高,但增幅较缓;全要素生产率增长的根本动因在于技术进步率而非技术效率,农业生产仍不具有规模经济性。

中国的经济转型与经济增长质量:基于TFP贡献的考察

影响经济发展结果的不仅仅是经济增长的速度,还有经济增长的质量。经济增长的质量也是一国经济发展的重要内容之一。经济转型实质是一场大规模的制度变迁过程,经济转型的关键是"使制度正确",形成社会制度结构中的关键变量——社会激励结构,节约经济增长过程中的交易成本,形成提高经济增长质量的激励和治理机制。中国特有的经济转型与经济增长质量变化之间存在密切关系,本文运用全要素生产率的贡献度来对我国1978年改革以来的经济增长质量进行量化,在实证研究基础上得出体现我国经济转型的市场化率、工业化率、城市化率与经济增长质量之间是正向的相关关系,我国的经济转型在一定程度上促进了经济增长质量的提高。

我国工业企业进退出与TFP变动的动态分解

我国工业企业具有较高的进入率与退出率,而且全要素生产率的变动也比较大。利用1999—2007年我国工业企业的微观数据对企业的进入退出行为进行分析,并应用Melitz和Polanec提出的全要素生产率变动的动态分解新方法,可对我国工业企业全要素生产率的变动进行分解。结果表明,总体上我国工业企业的全要素生产率是递增的,这主要是由存续企业全要素生产率的递增和市场份额的变动贡献的。退出企业的全要素生产率均值比存续企业的低,除个别年份外,新进企业的全要素生产率均值低于存续企业的全要素生产率均值。

环中国圈国家间对外贸易的TFP增长效应分析——基于中、日、印国家数据

在中国、日本、印度三个国家中,中国的环中国圈国家间贸易对TFP的贡献率最高,而日本最低。从环中国圈国家间贸易与环中国圈外世界贸易对TFP的贡献率的比值来看,日本和印度的环中国圈国家间贸易与环中国圈外世界贸易比值要小于环中国圈国家间贸易与环中国圈外世界贸易对TFP的贡献率的比值。可见,环中国圈对外贸易对该区域内各国有着非比寻常的意义,环中国圈国家间的对外贸易或经贸合作应该得到各国之间的重视。

中国物流业静态效率测算与TFP动态变化研究

利用2000—2007年中国30个行政区域物流业的相关数据,运用数据包络分析法(DEA)对我国现阶段物流业全要素生产率及其构成要素的动态作用关系进行研究,通过对Malmquist生产率指数的测算与分解,分析了中国物流业全要素生产率(TFP)增长源泉、区域差异原因与跨期生产率动态变化趋势。研究表明:考察期内中国各地区物流业全要素生产率呈增长态势,西部地区全要素生产率平均增速最快,各区域物流业纯技术效率与规模技术效率均呈上升趋势,技术效率成为物流业全要素生产率增长的主要驱动力。研究结论可以为我国物流业规划及各地区物流业生产率的提升提供政策参考。

生产性服务业细分行业TFP变动的测度与异质性研究:以重庆为例

在界定生产性服务业概念的基础上,利用重庆市二次经济普查后的修订数据,运用DEA-Malmquist生产率指数法测算了1998-2012年重庆市生产性服务业细分行业TFP、技术进步与技术效率.结果显示:1998-2002年的生产性服务业TFP呈下降趋势,2005-2012年呈上升趋势;生产性服务业发展已经开始由粗放型发展方式向集约型发展方式进行转变,与服务业对比,生产性服务业已不再是使服务业效率低下的主要因素;生产性服务业细分行业TFP变动具有较大行业异质性,这种异质性主要是由技术效率变动不同引起的.

国际贸易的技术溢出效应及其对我国TFP的影响

文章在研究进出口贸易产生的技术溢出效应的基础上,采用中国1985—2007年数据,通过改进的LP模型,将国际贸易的技术溢出效应对我国TFP的影响进行了实证分析。研究结果表明,不仅通过进口贸易渠道溢出的国外R&D投入对我国的TFP增长起到促进作用,而且出口贸易通过专业水平、规模经济、产业结构调整等渠道对我国TFP增长也产生了重要影响。

我国1953年～2007年TFP增长率的估计

以我国1952年～2007年的宏观数据为基础,利用改进的C—D生产函数模型估算并分析了我国1952年以来55年的TFP增长率。发现建国以来,我国的TFP增长率波动较大且水平较低;从1952年～2007年间,平均TFP增长率仅为1.48%,对产出增长的贡献也仅为18.4%。这说明新中国成立以来,虽然我国的经济取得了快速发展,但是经济增长方式粗放,增长质量较低;同时分析自1992年以来,我国TFP增长率下降的原因,认为进一步的推进改革,消除降低经济效率的体制因素是我国经济可持续增长的关键。