Purpose:The collaboration relationships between innovation actors at a geographic level may be considered as grouping two separate layers,the domestic and the foreign.At the level of each layer,the relationships and t...Purpose:The collaboration relationships between innovation actors at a geographic level may be considered as grouping two separate layers,the domestic and the foreign.At the level of each layer,the relationships and the actors involved constitute a Triple Helix game.The paper distinguished three levels of analysis:the global grouping together all actors,the domestic grouping together domestic actors,and the foreign related to only actors from partner countries.Design/methodology/approach:Bibliographic records data from the Web of Science for South Korea and West Africa breakdown per innovation actors and distinguishing domestic and international collaboration are analyzed with game theory.The core,the Shapley value,and the nucleolus are computed at the three levels to measure the synergy between actors.Findings:The synergy operates more in South Korea than in West Africa;the government is more present in West Africa than in South Korea;domestic actors create more synergy in South Korea,but foreign more in West Africa;South Korea can consume all the foreign synergy,which is not the case of West Africa.Research limitations:Research data are limited to publication records;techniques and methods used may be extended to other research outputs.Practical implications:West African governments should increase their investment in science,technology,and innovation to benefit more from the synergy their innovation actors contributed at the foreign level.However,the results of the current study may not be sufficient to prove that greater investment will yield benefits from foreign synergies.Originality/value:This paper uses game theory to assess innovation systems by computing the contribution of foreign actors to knowledge production at an area level.It proposes an indicator to this end.展开更多
The insulin-like growth factor l (IGF-1) iscommonly expressed in most of tumor cells and plays arole in the growth and development of animal andhuman tumors. Tumor cells transfected with a vectorencoding antisense IGF...The insulin-like growth factor l (IGF-1) iscommonly expressed in most of tumor cells and plays arole in the growth and development of animal andhuman tumors. Tumor cells transfected with a vectorencoding antisense IGF-l cDNA transcriptionalcassette driven by the mouse展开更多
目的探讨外泌体转运miRNA-155靶向胶原三螺旋重复蛋白1(CTHRC1)对胃癌细胞腹膜种植转移的影响。方法提取胃癌BCG-823细胞外泌体并采用透射电子显微镜鉴定;实时荧光定量PCR检测胃癌BCG-823细胞和外泌体miRNA-155水平;激光共聚焦显微镜观...目的探讨外泌体转运miRNA-155靶向胶原三螺旋重复蛋白1(CTHRC1)对胃癌细胞腹膜种植转移的影响。方法提取胃癌BCG-823细胞外泌体并采用透射电子显微镜鉴定;实时荧光定量PCR检测胃癌BCG-823细胞和外泌体miRNA-155水平;激光共聚焦显微镜观察人腹膜间皮HMrSV5细胞对外泌体吞噬情况;设立阴性对照组、外泌体组和miRNA-155mimic组,通过划痕实验检测外泌体转运miRNA-155对腹膜间皮细胞HMrSV5迁移力的影响;利用生物信息预测软件结合荧光素酶报告基因检测验证miRNA-155的靶基因;Western blotting检测细胞CTHRC1蛋白表达。结果提取的外泌体呈现杯口状,直径40-150nm,外泌体标志性蛋白CD9、CD81呈阳性,而内质网分子伴侣Calnexin不表达;外泌体miRNA-155表达水平显著高于胃癌BCG-823细胞(P<0.05);采用PKH26对外泌体标记后在显微镜下呈红色,其主要分布在人腹膜间皮细胞HMrSV5的细胞质内,且视野下大部分细胞均可见红色荧光。利用生物分析软件(TargetScan,CLIP-Seq,miRDB and miRanda)预测了miRNA-155的下游靶基因为CTHRC1。与阴性对照组比较,外泌体组和miRNA-155mimic组腹膜间皮细胞迁移力、细胞增殖、细胞活力和细胞迁移显著增加,且miRNA-155mimic组高于外泌体组,其中外泌体中miRNA-155表达水平为0.49±0.03,CTHRC1蛋白表达水平显著降低,且miRNA-155mimic组低于外泌体组(P<0.05)。结论胃癌细胞来源的外泌体可促进腹膜间皮细胞迁移,因此增加肿瘤转移风险,其机制可能是外泌体内过表达的miRNA-155靶向抑制CTHRC1蛋白表达水平所引起。展开更多
Keloid may induce severe impairment of life quality for the patients,although keloid is a cutaneous benign tumor.Collagen triple helix repeat containing protein 1 (Cthrc1) was identified as a novel gene that was origi...Keloid may induce severe impairment of life quality for the patients,although keloid is a cutaneous benign tumor.Collagen triple helix repeat containing protein 1 (Cthrc1) was identified as a novel gene that was originally found in adventitial fibroblasts after arterial injury.To address the role of Cthrcl in keloid,the expression level of Cthrcl was assessed in normal skin and keloid tissue,as well as in normal fibroblasts (NFs)and keloid fibroblasts (KFs)by using quantitative PCR,Western blotting and immunohistochemical analysis.The results showed that Cthrcl was increased in keloid tissue and KFs as compared with normal skin and NFs.Meanwhile,CCK8 and Transwell assays found the cellular proliferation and migration of KFs were increased as compared with NFs.Further,to verify the function of Cthrcl in NFs and K.Fs,we increased Cthrcl expression by transfecting lentivirns (LV) vectors LV-Cthrcl.The cellular proliferation and migration,collagen synthesis and the influence on TGF-β and YAP signaling were tested.The cellular proliferation and migration were increased in NFs-Cthrcl as compared with NFs-control.Meanwhile,YAP expression and nuclear-location was increased in NFs-Cthrcl.On the contrary,when Cthrcl was overexpressed in KFs,the cellular migration was suppressed and YAP expression was reduced and transferred to cytoplasm in KFs-Cthrcl as compared with KFs-control.But the expression level of collagen I was decreased and pSmad2/3 nucleus transfer was suppressed in both NFs-Cthrc1 and KFs-Cthrc1 by using Western blotting and immunofluorescence.Increased Cthrcl activated NFs by promoting YAP nucleus translocation,whereas suppressed KFs by inhibiting YAP nucleus translocation.Enhanced Cthrcl decreased collagen I in both NFs and KFs by inhibiting TGF-β/Smad pathway.In conclusion,Cthrcl may play a role in the pathogenesis of keloid by inhibiting collagen synthesis and fibroblasts migration via suppressing TGF-β/Smad pathway and YAP nucleus translocation.展开更多
By the turn of the 21 st century,the significance of knowledge to be the key factor in urban and regional development is well established. However,it has been recently and in only a few studies that attempts have been...By the turn of the 21 st century,the significance of knowledge to be the key factor in urban and regional development is well established. However,it has been recently and in only a few studies that attempts have been made to identify the specific mechanism and institutional relationships,through which knowledge-based development actually takes place.This paper builds upon the "Triple Helix Model" (Etzkowitz & Klofsten,2005) where university,business and government have been introduced as the key factors behind any knowledge-based development.It refers to a case study of knowledge-based community development in Australia's Smart State Queensland-and examines the role of the "Triple Helix" in the interaction between local and regional level.It shows the central role of the community as an innovation base for the interaction among the key factors and suggests a promotion for a Quadruple Helix Model where community is as important as business,university and government in the new economy.The paper concludes that knowledge-based development will not promote unless all four factors-community,business,university,government-work together.展开更多
文摘Purpose:The collaboration relationships between innovation actors at a geographic level may be considered as grouping two separate layers,the domestic and the foreign.At the level of each layer,the relationships and the actors involved constitute a Triple Helix game.The paper distinguished three levels of analysis:the global grouping together all actors,the domestic grouping together domestic actors,and the foreign related to only actors from partner countries.Design/methodology/approach:Bibliographic records data from the Web of Science for South Korea and West Africa breakdown per innovation actors and distinguishing domestic and international collaboration are analyzed with game theory.The core,the Shapley value,and the nucleolus are computed at the three levels to measure the synergy between actors.Findings:The synergy operates more in South Korea than in West Africa;the government is more present in West Africa than in South Korea;domestic actors create more synergy in South Korea,but foreign more in West Africa;South Korea can consume all the foreign synergy,which is not the case of West Africa.Research limitations:Research data are limited to publication records;techniques and methods used may be extended to other research outputs.Practical implications:West African governments should increase their investment in science,technology,and innovation to benefit more from the synergy their innovation actors contributed at the foreign level.However,the results of the current study may not be sufficient to prove that greater investment will yield benefits from foreign synergies.Originality/value:This paper uses game theory to assess innovation systems by computing the contribution of foreign actors to knowledge production at an area level.It proposes an indicator to this end.
文摘The insulin-like growth factor l (IGF-1) iscommonly expressed in most of tumor cells and plays arole in the growth and development of animal andhuman tumors. Tumor cells transfected with a vectorencoding antisense IGF-l cDNA transcriptionalcassette driven by the mouse
文摘目的探讨外泌体转运miRNA-155靶向胶原三螺旋重复蛋白1(CTHRC1)对胃癌细胞腹膜种植转移的影响。方法提取胃癌BCG-823细胞外泌体并采用透射电子显微镜鉴定;实时荧光定量PCR检测胃癌BCG-823细胞和外泌体miRNA-155水平;激光共聚焦显微镜观察人腹膜间皮HMrSV5细胞对外泌体吞噬情况;设立阴性对照组、外泌体组和miRNA-155mimic组,通过划痕实验检测外泌体转运miRNA-155对腹膜间皮细胞HMrSV5迁移力的影响;利用生物信息预测软件结合荧光素酶报告基因检测验证miRNA-155的靶基因;Western blotting检测细胞CTHRC1蛋白表达。结果提取的外泌体呈现杯口状,直径40-150nm,外泌体标志性蛋白CD9、CD81呈阳性,而内质网分子伴侣Calnexin不表达;外泌体miRNA-155表达水平显著高于胃癌BCG-823细胞(P<0.05);采用PKH26对外泌体标记后在显微镜下呈红色,其主要分布在人腹膜间皮细胞HMrSV5的细胞质内,且视野下大部分细胞均可见红色荧光。利用生物分析软件(TargetScan,CLIP-Seq,miRDB and miRanda)预测了miRNA-155的下游靶基因为CTHRC1。与阴性对照组比较,外泌体组和miRNA-155mimic组腹膜间皮细胞迁移力、细胞增殖、细胞活力和细胞迁移显著增加,且miRNA-155mimic组高于外泌体组,其中外泌体中miRNA-155表达水平为0.49±0.03,CTHRC1蛋白表达水平显著降低,且miRNA-155mimic组低于外泌体组(P<0.05)。结论胃癌细胞来源的外泌体可促进腹膜间皮细胞迁移,因此增加肿瘤转移风险,其机制可能是外泌体内过表达的miRNA-155靶向抑制CTHRC1蛋白表达水平所引起。
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81472886 and No. 81172588).
文摘Keloid may induce severe impairment of life quality for the patients,although keloid is a cutaneous benign tumor.Collagen triple helix repeat containing protein 1 (Cthrc1) was identified as a novel gene that was originally found in adventitial fibroblasts after arterial injury.To address the role of Cthrcl in keloid,the expression level of Cthrcl was assessed in normal skin and keloid tissue,as well as in normal fibroblasts (NFs)and keloid fibroblasts (KFs)by using quantitative PCR,Western blotting and immunohistochemical analysis.The results showed that Cthrcl was increased in keloid tissue and KFs as compared with normal skin and NFs.Meanwhile,CCK8 and Transwell assays found the cellular proliferation and migration of KFs were increased as compared with NFs.Further,to verify the function of Cthrcl in NFs and K.Fs,we increased Cthrcl expression by transfecting lentivirns (LV) vectors LV-Cthrcl.The cellular proliferation and migration,collagen synthesis and the influence on TGF-β and YAP signaling were tested.The cellular proliferation and migration were increased in NFs-Cthrcl as compared with NFs-control.Meanwhile,YAP expression and nuclear-location was increased in NFs-Cthrcl.On the contrary,when Cthrcl was overexpressed in KFs,the cellular migration was suppressed and YAP expression was reduced and transferred to cytoplasm in KFs-Cthrcl as compared with KFs-control.But the expression level of collagen I was decreased and pSmad2/3 nucleus transfer was suppressed in both NFs-Cthrc1 and KFs-Cthrc1 by using Western blotting and immunofluorescence.Increased Cthrcl activated NFs by promoting YAP nucleus translocation,whereas suppressed KFs by inhibiting YAP nucleus translocation.Enhanced Cthrcl decreased collagen I in both NFs and KFs by inhibiting TGF-β/Smad pathway.In conclusion,Cthrcl may play a role in the pathogenesis of keloid by inhibiting collagen synthesis and fibroblasts migration via suppressing TGF-β/Smad pathway and YAP nucleus translocation.
文摘By the turn of the 21 st century,the significance of knowledge to be the key factor in urban and regional development is well established. However,it has been recently and in only a few studies that attempts have been made to identify the specific mechanism and institutional relationships,through which knowledge-based development actually takes place.This paper builds upon the "Triple Helix Model" (Etzkowitz & Klofsten,2005) where university,business and government have been introduced as the key factors behind any knowledge-based development.It refers to a case study of knowledge-based community development in Australia's Smart State Queensland-and examines the role of the "Triple Helix" in the interaction between local and regional level.It shows the central role of the community as an innovation base for the interaction among the key factors and suggests a promotion for a Quadruple Helix Model where community is as important as business,university and government in the new economy.The paper concludes that knowledge-based development will not promote unless all four factors-community,business,university,government-work together.
