目的目前临床上超声甲状腺影像报告和数据系统(throid imaging reporting and date system,TI-RADS)4类甲状腺结节的恶性率为5%~80%,波动范围较大,术前如何更好的评估结节性质尤为重要。本研究拟结合临床特征与超声征象建立预测模型,并...目的目前临床上超声甲状腺影像报告和数据系统(throid imaging reporting and date system,TI-RADS)4类甲状腺结节的恶性率为5%~80%,波动范围较大,术前如何更好的评估结节性质尤为重要。本研究拟结合临床特征与超声征象建立预测模型,并探讨其应用价值。方法收集2017年1月至2021年12月武汉科技大学附属孝感医院超声诊断TI-RADS 4类甲状腺结节患者454例(494个结节)的临床资料。依据术后病理结果进行分组,对纳入变量进行多因素分析,并对每项独立预测指标进行赋值,计算不同分值下的TI-RADS 4类甲状腺结节恶性率,建立相应预测模型并验证。结果454例(494个)TI-RADS 4类甲状腺结节,恶性诊断率为78.3%(387/494),其中TI-RADS 4A恶性率为68.3%(157/230),TIRADS 4B恶性率为87.1%(222/255),TI-RADS 4C恶性率为88.9%(8/9)。按照年龄进行分层分析,年龄≤35岁与>35岁患者中,结节恶性率分别为90.2%(55/61)、75.8%(298/393),二者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);按照结节大小进行分层分析,结节≤1 cm与>1 cm患者中,结节恶性率分别为85.7%(276/322)、64.5%(111/172),二者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素分析提示年龄、微钙化、纵横比、低回声、结节边界、结节大小、促甲状腺激素(thyrotrophin,TSH)是鉴别TI-RADS 4类甲状腺结节良恶性的独立预测指标(P<0.05)。建立TI-RADS 4类甲状腺结节预测指数(predictive index of TI-RADS 4 type thyroid nodule,PI-TI-RADS 4)预测模型提示,0~1分为TI-RADS 4类甲状腺结节恶性低风险,2~3分为中风险,4分及以上为高风险。该模型内部验证ROC曲线面积为0.880[95%CI为(0.843,0.917),P<0.05],敏感度及特异度分别为84.7%、79.2%,具有较好预测效能。结论年龄、结节大小、微钙化、纵横比、低回声、结节边界、TSH是TIRADS 4类甲状腺结节癌变的独立预测指标。预测模型有助于TI-RADS 4类甲状腺结节精准分类。展开更多
Background:The dysregulation of Isocitrate dehydrogenase(IDH)and the subsequent production of 2-Hydroxyglutrate(2HG)may alter the expression of epigenetic proteins in Grade 4 astrocytoma.The interplay mechanism betwee...Background:The dysregulation of Isocitrate dehydrogenase(IDH)and the subsequent production of 2-Hydroxyglutrate(2HG)may alter the expression of epigenetic proteins in Grade 4 astrocytoma.The interplay mechanism between IDH,O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase(MGMT)-promoter methylation,and protein methyltransferase proteins-5(PRMT5)activity,with tumor progression has never been described.Methods:A retrospective cohort of 34 patients with G4 astrocytoma is classified into IDH-mutant and IDH-wildtype tumors.Both groups were tested for MGMT-promoter methylation and PRMT5 through methylation-specific and gene expression PCR analysis.Inter-cohort statistical significance was evaluated.Results:Both IDH-mutant WHO grade 4 astrocytomas(n=22,64.7%)and IDH-wildtype glioblastomas(n=12,35.3%)had upregulated PRMT5 gene expression except in one case.Out of the 22 IDH-mutant tumors,10(45.5%)tumors showed MGMT-promoter methylation and 12(54.5%)tumors had unmethylated MGMT.All IDH-wildtype tumors had unmethylated MGMT.There was a statistically significant relationship between MGMT-promoter methylation and IDH in G4 astrocytoma(p-value=0.006).Statistically significant differences in progression-free survival(PFS)were also observed among all G4 astrocytomas that expressed PRMT5 and received either temozolomide(TMZ)or TMZ plus other chemotherapies,regardless of their IDH or MGMT-methylation status(p-value=0.0014).Specifically,IDH-mutant tumors that had upregulated PRMT5 activity and MGMT-promoter methylation,who received only TMZ,have exhibited longer PFS.Conclusions:The relationship between PRMT5,MGMT-promoter,and IDH is not tridirectional.However,accumulation of D2-hydroxyglutarate(2-HG),which partially activates 2-OG-dependent deoxygenase,may not affect their activities.In IDH-wildtype glioblastomas,the 2HG-2OG pathway is typically inactive,leading to PRMT5 upregulation.TMZ alone,compared to TMZ-plus,can increase PFS in upregulated PRMT5 tumors.Thus,using a PRMT5 inhibitor in G4 astrocytomas may help in tumor regression.展开更多
近年来,随着高分辨率的彩超普及和彩超医师水平的提高,甲状腺结节的检出率在不断的提高,而甲状腺结节中有5%~15%为甲状腺癌[1]。现在甲状腺主要通过影像报告及数据系统(thyroid imaging reporting and data system,TI-RADS),根据甲状腺...近年来,随着高分辨率的彩超普及和彩超医师水平的提高,甲状腺结节的检出率在不断的提高,而甲状腺结节中有5%~15%为甲状腺癌[1]。现在甲状腺主要通过影像报告及数据系统(thyroid imaging reporting and data system,TI-RADS),根据甲状腺结节B超的图像特征对其进行危险度分级,TI-RADS 4类表示可疑恶性结节,但不能作为良恶性诊断的直接证据,也不能作为手术的直接指导。超声引导下甲状腺细针穿刺(fine needle aspration cytology,FNAC)仍然是术前确定结节性质的最有效的微创诊断方法,是术前确定手术方式最可靠、损伤最小的方法,但仍有10%~30%的结节性质无法明确[2]。本研究探讨超声引导下细针穿刺细胞学的应用价值。展开更多
文摘Background:The dysregulation of Isocitrate dehydrogenase(IDH)and the subsequent production of 2-Hydroxyglutrate(2HG)may alter the expression of epigenetic proteins in Grade 4 astrocytoma.The interplay mechanism between IDH,O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase(MGMT)-promoter methylation,and protein methyltransferase proteins-5(PRMT5)activity,with tumor progression has never been described.Methods:A retrospective cohort of 34 patients with G4 astrocytoma is classified into IDH-mutant and IDH-wildtype tumors.Both groups were tested for MGMT-promoter methylation and PRMT5 through methylation-specific and gene expression PCR analysis.Inter-cohort statistical significance was evaluated.Results:Both IDH-mutant WHO grade 4 astrocytomas(n=22,64.7%)and IDH-wildtype glioblastomas(n=12,35.3%)had upregulated PRMT5 gene expression except in one case.Out of the 22 IDH-mutant tumors,10(45.5%)tumors showed MGMT-promoter methylation and 12(54.5%)tumors had unmethylated MGMT.All IDH-wildtype tumors had unmethylated MGMT.There was a statistically significant relationship between MGMT-promoter methylation and IDH in G4 astrocytoma(p-value=0.006).Statistically significant differences in progression-free survival(PFS)were also observed among all G4 astrocytomas that expressed PRMT5 and received either temozolomide(TMZ)or TMZ plus other chemotherapies,regardless of their IDH or MGMT-methylation status(p-value=0.0014).Specifically,IDH-mutant tumors that had upregulated PRMT5 activity and MGMT-promoter methylation,who received only TMZ,have exhibited longer PFS.Conclusions:The relationship between PRMT5,MGMT-promoter,and IDH is not tridirectional.However,accumulation of D2-hydroxyglutarate(2-HG),which partially activates 2-OG-dependent deoxygenase,may not affect their activities.In IDH-wildtype glioblastomas,the 2HG-2OG pathway is typically inactive,leading to PRMT5 upregulation.TMZ alone,compared to TMZ-plus,can increase PFS in upregulated PRMT5 tumors.Thus,using a PRMT5 inhibitor in G4 astrocytomas may help in tumor regression.
文摘近年来,随着高分辨率的彩超普及和彩超医师水平的提高,甲状腺结节的检出率在不断的提高,而甲状腺结节中有5%~15%为甲状腺癌[1]。现在甲状腺主要通过影像报告及数据系统(thyroid imaging reporting and data system,TI-RADS),根据甲状腺结节B超的图像特征对其进行危险度分级,TI-RADS 4类表示可疑恶性结节,但不能作为良恶性诊断的直接证据,也不能作为手术的直接指导。超声引导下甲状腺细针穿刺(fine needle aspration cytology,FNAC)仍然是术前确定结节性质的最有效的微创诊断方法,是术前确定手术方式最可靠、损伤最小的方法,但仍有10%~30%的结节性质无法明确[2]。本研究探讨超声引导下细针穿刺细胞学的应用价值。
文摘目的:探讨实时剪切波弹性成像(shear wave elastography,SWE)在不同大小甲状腺TI-RADS 3~4类结节鉴别诊断中的应用。方法:常规超声观察164例患者(共197个结节)甲状腺结节的边界、内部回声、是否合并钙化、纵横比、内部及周边血流情况等,依据甲状腺TI-RADS分类方法对相应的甲状腺状腺结节进行分类,同时进行剪切波弹性成像,记录结节杨氏模量最大值(Emax),绘制ROC曲线,获得鉴别诊断甲状腺良恶性结节的Emax最佳界值。其中TI-RADS 3~4类结节186个,分直径≤10 mm组(Ⅰ组)和直径>10 mm组(Ⅱ组)。以病理结果为金标准,分别绘制ROC曲线,评价Emax值在Ⅰ、Ⅱ组病变中的应用价值。结果:杨氏模量Emax界值为52.5 k Pa。Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组的敏感性、准确性及特异性分别为57.4%、66.2%及90.0%和87.5%、79.5%及68.8%,ROC曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)分别为0.810和0.842。结论:SWE界值鉴别诊断甲状腺良恶性结节差异有统计学意义;SWE对>10 mm甲状腺结节良恶性鉴别诊断更有应用价值;SWE对≤10 mm甲状腺结节应用价值有限。