Experimental study on dissimilar TIG welding-brazing of 5A06 aluminum alloy to SUS321 stainless steel

Dissimilar metals TIG welding-brazing of 5A06 aluminum alloy to SUS321 stainless steel has been carried out with Al-Sil2 eutectic filler metal and modified non-corrosive flux. The surface appearance and microstructures of the joint were analyzed and the average tensile strength of the joint was estimated. The results show that a sound dissimilar metals joint is obtained by TIG welding-brazing. Slag and residual flux on steel surface can be removed by sanding easily. The joint has dual characteristics： in aluminum alloy side, it is a welded joint, while in stainless steel side, it is a brazed joint. The whole interface layer, unequal in thickness at different position, ranges from 5 μm to 25 μm. The average tensile strength of the butt joint reaches 120 MPa and the fracture occurs at the interface layer.

Analysis on interfacial layer of aluminum alloy and non-coated stainless steel joint made by TIG welding-brazing

Dissimilar metals TIG welding-brazing of aluminum alloy and non-coated stainless steel was investigated. The resultant joint was characterized in order to identify the phases and the brittle intermetallic compounds （IMCs） in the interracial layer by optical metalloscope （OM）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and energy dispersive spectrometer （ EDS） , and the cracked joint was analyzed in order to understand the cracking mechanism of the joint. The results show that the microfusion of the stainless steel can improve the wetting and spreading of liquid aluminum base filler metal on the steel suuface and the melted steel accelerates the formation of mass of brittle IMCs in the interracial layer, which causes the joint cracking badly. The whole interfacial layer is 5 -7 μm thick and comprises approximately 5μm-thickness reaction layer in aluminum side and about 2 μm-thickness diffusion layer in steel side. The stable Al-rich IMCs are formed in the interfacial layer and the phases transfer from （ Al ＋ FeAl3 ） in aluminum side to （ FeAl3 ＋ Fe2Al5 ） and （ α-Fe ＋ FeAl） in steel side.

Activated flux tungsten inert gas welding of 8 mm-thick AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel

AISI 304 stainless steel plates were welded with activated flux tungsten inert gas(A-TIG) method by utilizing self-developed activated flux. It is indicated from the experimental results that for 8 mm-thick AISI 304 stainless steel plate, weld joint of full penetration and one-side welding with good weld appearance can be obtained in a single pass without groove preparation by utilizing A-TIG welding. Moreover, activated flux powders do not cause significant effect on the microstructure of TIG weld and the mechanical properties of A-TIG weld joints are also superior to those of C-TIG(conventional TIG) welding.

Failure analysis of crevice corrosion on 304 stainless steel tube heat exchanger

The cause of the premature failure of 304 stainless steel tube heat exchanger was investigated.The unique skeleton structure inside the leakage point reveals that this is a new damage mechanism caused by a δ+γ two-phase structure and crevice corrosion.The three-dimensional structure of the leakage point was demonstrated using X-ray diffraction topography.The results of scanning electron microscope examination show the microstructure of the weld to be columnar and dendritic.It is found by electron probe microscope analysis and transmission electron microscopy that columnar dendrites consisted of γ-dendrite and an amount of δ-ferrite phases at the dendrite trunk.Simulated corrosion test results confirmed that the corrosion medium was the chloride ion.Crevice corrosion of chloride ions occurred at weld defects on the inner wall thus forming a concentration cell.Grains of columnar dendrites were then corroded by chloride ions and δ-ferrite phases on the grain boundaries were retained,which formed the particular skeleton corrosion structure.As a result,it led to leakage when the corrosion of weld occurred from the inner wall to the outer wall.

核电厂定位销局部干法水下TIG焊接工艺

以核电厂定位销水下焊接为研究对象,研制双层气体保护的局部干法水下TIG旋转焊枪,运动轨迹通过直流电机带动钨极绕固定直径转动实现.对核级材料Z2CN19-10控氮奥氏体不锈钢进行焊接,研究局部干法水下TIG焊接焊缝成形,优化工艺参数,结合热循环曲线及电弧形态,分析焊接接头显微组织及力学性能.结果表明,当焊枪的内层和外层保护气均通氩气时,焊缝成形良好,电弧形态稳定;增大焊接电流或减小焊接速度均使焊缝熔深增大,熔宽增大;对比水下焊接接头和陆上焊接接头发现,水的快速冷却作用会促使熔合线附近的铁素体的形态由树枝状转变为板条状,奥氏体含量减少,焊缝中心晶粒细化;水下焊接接头的显微硬度和力学性能略高于陆上焊接接头.

Microstructure, Mechanical Property and Corrosion Resistance Property of Cr26Mo3.5 Super Ferritic Stainless Joints by P-TIG and Laser Welding

The characteristics of microstructure, mechanical property and corrosion behavior of Cr26Mo3.5 super stainless steel joints by pulse tungsten inert gas(P-TIG)welding and laser welding were investigated. The results indicate that the widths of the center equiaxed grain zone(EGZ)and the columnar grain zone(CGZ)increase with the increase of heat input in both welding processes. The precipitates of Nb and Ti carbides and nitrides are formed in the weld metal(WM)and the heat affected zone(HAZ). The joints by laser welding show better tensile and corrosion resistance properties than those by P-TIG welding due to the heat concentration and lower heat input. The tensile strength and elongation increase with the decrease of heat input, and the fracture mode of the joints turns into ductile-brittle mixed fracture from ductile fracture when the welding method turns into P-TIG welding from laser welding. Moreover, the corrosion resistance of all joints declines slightly with the increase of heat input. Hence, laser welding is more suitable for welding Cr26Mo3.5 super stainless steel in engineering applications.

2.25Cr1Mo0.25V耐热钢与304不锈钢AA-TIG焊接接头组织及性能研究

采用电弧辅助活性AA-TIG焊对2.25Cr1Mo0.25V耐热钢和304不锈钢管进行异种钢材焊接,并对其焊接接头的组织、硬度及力学性能进行分析。结果表明,使用AA-TIG焊能够一次性焊透2.25Cr1Mo0.25V耐热钢和304不锈钢,得到成形良好的焊接接头。焊缝处无裂纹等焊接缺陷,焊缝处各元素在焊缝水平方向分布均匀。在靠近两侧母材的焊缝区,Cr、Fe、Ni元素有一定的梯度,但无明显偏聚。焊接接头两边的母材区硬度值较低,在焊缝区域硬度达到最大,焊缝区域的硬度波动范围在400~489 HV之间,最终拉伸试样都断在304母材上,得到的平均拉伸强度为406 MPa,最大的抗拉强度为542 MPa。

不锈钢水池热丝TIG自动焊技术的应用

不锈钢水池是储存放射性介质的重要设施。传统工艺采用手工钨极氩弧焊进行不锈钢覆面焊接,存在人员投入大、施工效率低、质量稳定性差等不足。经调研分析,热丝TIG自动焊是在传统TIG焊基础上发展的一种优质、高效、稳定、节能的焊接工艺,结合热丝TIG自动焊工艺特点采取部分加工控制措施可以很好地解决这些问题。通过某项目不锈钢水池热丝TIG自动焊技术的应用,总结分析了热丝TIG自动焊的实施效果,阐述了热丝TIG自动焊技术应用的控制要点。

对顶TIG根焊工艺在大口径不锈钢管道焊接中的应用

大口径不锈钢管道根焊焊接一般采用手工电弧焊、TIG焊和气保焊三种方式,各自存在优缺点,经分析对比后,确定在第二套硫磺回收装置环保达标升级改造项目大口径不锈钢316L烟气管道焊接中,采用对顶TIG根焊工艺,即在焊缝两面采用两把焊枪同时进行TIG焊接,通过焊接试验确定了合理的焊接工艺参数,制定焊接工艺评定并在大口径烟气管道焊接中应用,提高了焊接质量和效率,取得了良好的效果。

不锈钢薄板高频冷焊与TIG焊接头的性能对比

开展了0.5 mm厚304不锈钢板高频冷焊与TIG焊接头性能对比试验。结果表明:相比TIG焊工艺,在高频脉冲电流作用下,低热输入量使得冷焊的焊缝宽度小了50%、最大焊接变形量小了23.8%,接头周围的氧化程度更低。连续交替的未焊透和弧坑缺陷使得焊缝成为冷焊接头的最薄弱区域,抗拉强度及伸长率分别低于TIG焊的约5.9%和10.1%。但接头抗拉强度的稳定性达到TIG焊的3.6倍。低热输入也使得冷焊接头焊缝区的柱状晶及热影响区的奥氏体粗大程度较TIG焊的低。高频冷焊技术可满足薄板焊接的实际需求。

不锈钢烧结网滤芯TIG焊工艺研究

不锈钢烧结网滤芯是液压、机械、船舶、冶金等行业自动反冲洗过滤器的关键部件,其纵向对接焊缝的焊接质量直接影响着滤芯的过滤精度和自动反清洗装置的平稳运行,是不锈钢烧结网滤芯生产过程的关键环节。采用钨极氩弧焊,使用专用焊接工装,对多层不锈钢烧结网滤芯纵向焊缝进行焊接,探寻合理的焊接工艺参数,利用光学显微镜、显微硬度仪、能谱仪分析了焊缝金属的组织性能、凝固模式和物相组成。结果表明,采用钨极氩弧焊,通过控制焊接热输入量,提高焊缝背面冷却速度等方法,可以得到成形良好、无断丝、无明显缺陷的不锈钢烧结网焊接接头,观察焊缝成形情况,确定较优的焊接电流为90~95 A,所得焊缝组织为柱状奥氏体及骨架状铁素体组织,该组织具有较优的抗裂纹扩展能力。

304不锈钢管TIG焊接头凝固行为及热力耦合研究

目的对2 mm厚不锈钢管的焊接工艺参数进行优化,并基于模拟仿真软件对接头的热应力场进行模拟,以解决薄壁管件接头应力测试不方便的问题。方法以TIG焊对2mm不锈钢管进行焊接,通过对接头宏观形貌、微观组织、显微硬度等结果进行优化进而得到最佳焊接工艺参数,采用双椭球热源和温度-位移耦合方法结合最优工艺参数进行数值模拟。结果当焊接电流为150A、焊接速度为66cm/min时,焊接接头全部熔透,且正面及背面焊道均匀致密,成形良好。焊缝中心上部区域和下部区域均呈现等轴晶形貌,下部区域尺寸较上部区域尺寸略大,熔合线附近为柱状晶组织。焊接接头显微硬度整体分布呈现U形,其中热影响区显微硬度(197HV)大于焊缝区域硬度(162HV),熔合线附近显微硬度达到最低值(145HV)。模拟结果显示,在焊接过程中,当纵向残余应力从母材向焊缝中心过渡时,由压应力逐步转化为拉应力;焊缝中心横向应力呈现为压应力,向两侧母材过渡时应力值逐渐趋近于0,径向应力值变化幅度较小,模拟数据变化趋势与实测数据变化趋势接近。

UNS S31803双相不锈钢的TIP TIG焊接工艺

为了研究TIP TIG焊接工艺在UNS S31803双相不锈钢焊接中的应用,采用TIP TIG焊接工艺在纯Ar气体环境下对UNS S31803双相不锈钢进行焊接,测量并分析焊接接头的力学性能。结果表明,焊接接头具有较好的强度、塑性和韧性,焊接接头的力学性能满足相关标准要求;焊接接头显微组织均为奥氏体+铁素体,未见其他金属间化合物和析出相产生;焊缝区的铁素体含量平均为42.5%,热影响区铁素体含量的平均为47%,焊缝和热影响区的铁素体含量均符合相关要求;点腐蚀速率未超过4.0 g/(m^(2)·d),满足项目规格书的要求,焊接接头耐腐蚀性能较好。结果表明,采用TIP TIG焊接工艺可提高UNS S31803双相不锈钢的焊接质量,改善焊接接头的力学性能。

薄壁小口径管热丝TIG焊缺陷的预防控制

电站锅炉蛇形管壁薄小口径管对接,大量采用热丝TIG焊工艺,操作不当,容易产生层间未熔合、焊穿、小焊道成形差等焊接缺陷。分析了产生缺陷原因,通过优化坡口设计,优化坡口加工,调整热丝TIG焊焊机旋转方向和送丝位置,优化内壁通气保护措施、优化焊接规范参数,提高了焊接接头的性能,接头质量明显改善。

电弧辅助活性TIG焊接法

提出了电弧辅助活性TIG焊(arc assisted activating TIG welding,简称AA-TIG焊)的概念,并以SUS304不锈钢作为母材,研究了AA-TIG焊接法的主要工艺参数对焊缝熔深熔宽的影响。结果表明,在相同的焊接工艺参数下,与传统TIG焊相比,AA-TIG焊缝熔深能增加一倍以上,同时熔宽明显收缩。采用AA-TIG焊可不开坡口一次焊透8mm厚不锈钢板,焊接效率明显提高。辅助电弧工艺参数和正常TIG焊工艺参数都对AA-TIG焊焊缝熔深熔宽有一定影响。

不锈钢电弧辅助活性TIG焊

针对不锈钢,提出了一种新型活性TIG焊方法——电弧辅助活性TIG焊,即AA-TIG焊(arc assisted activating TIG welding).该焊接方法通过在正常TIG焊前以活性混合气体作为保护气体,采用小电流钨极电弧预熔待焊焊道表面,可使熔深显著增加,焊接效率大大提高,而且具有可全自动化焊接和工艺可重复性好等优点.分别采用O2+Ar,CO2+Ar,空气作为小电流钨极电弧的保护气体进行了单弧AA-TIG焊.与传统TIG焊比较,发现O2+Ar,CO2+Ar和空气都可显著增加熔深,减小熔宽,焊缝表面成形良好.采用CO2+Ar作为活性混合保护气体进行双弧AA-TIG焊,焊缝成形良好,熔深显著增加.熔深随着焊枪间距减小而增大.

工艺参数对304不锈钢脉冲Nd:YAG激光/TIG电弧复合焊焊缝成形的影响

研究了304不锈钢脉冲Nd:YAG激光/TIG电弧复合热源焊接工艺参数对焊缝成形的影响.结果表明,脉冲Nd:YAG激光/TIG电弧复合焊焊缝横截面面积大于单一激光焊焊缝横截面面积与单一TIG焊焊缝横截面面积之和,具有协同效应;激光功率增大时,复合焊焊缝熔深和熔宽均增大,复合焊焊缝横截面面积增大,复合热源热效率也增大;离焦量从-3 mm增大到5 mm的过程中,复合焊焊缝熔深、熔宽、焊缝横截面面积和复合热源热效率均先增大,在离焦量为-1 mm时达到最大值,然后随离焦量的进一步增大而减小;焊接速度减小时,复合焊焊缝熔深、熔宽和焊缝横截面面积均增大,但复合热源热效率减小.

不锈钢AA-TIG焊接法

针对不锈钢,提出一种新型活性TIG焊方法——电弧辅助活性TIG焊,即AA-TIG焊。采用CO2+Ar作为小电流钨极电弧的保护气体进行单弧AA-TIG焊,分别研究小电流钨极电弧和正常TIG焊工艺参数对焊缝熔深的影响,并针对试验范围内的最佳焊接规范研究不锈钢AA-TIG焊的焊缝成形、焊缝显微组织、化学成分和焊缝性能。采用AA-TIG焊可以单道焊透10mm厚的不锈钢板材,单面焊双面成形。与传统TIG焊相比,焊缝组织和化学成分几乎没有变化,焊缝的耐Cu/CuSO4腐蚀性能和低温冲击韧度都满足相关标准要求。

铝合金与不锈钢异种金属铝硅药芯焊丝TIG熔钎焊接头组织及性能

采用铝硅药芯焊丝进行了铝合金与不锈钢异种金属无镀层TIG熔钎焊试验,运用OM,SEM,EDS及XRD分析了接头微观组织,研究了界面层及焊缝中金属间化合物种类,分析了药芯钎剂的作用,并测试了接头力学性能.结果表明,药芯钎剂能够促进铝硅钎料在不锈钢表面润湿铺展,获得的润湿角小于30°,钎剂挥发不完全,在接头中产生许多气孔;接头中钢侧界面层由[Al,Fe,Si]相和Fe4Al13构成,焊缝由α-Al基体、汉字状α铁相(Fe2SiAl8)以及细长板条状混合相(β铁相FeSiAl5及少量Al-Si共晶相)构成;剪切试验中接头均断裂在钢侧界面层,接头抗剪强度仅为55MPa,断裂面由[Al,Fe,Si]相、FeAl以及少量的FeSi,AlCr相构成.

电弧辅助活性TIG焊焊缝组织及性能分析

电弧辅助活性TIG焊(arc assisted activating TIG welding,AA-TIG焊)是一种新型高效焊接方式,该方法可以分为分离电弧AA-TIG焊和耦合电弧AA-TIG焊两种方式.试验采用不锈钢为母材,通过改变辅助电弧中氧气引入量,分析焊缝组织及性能的变化规律.结果表明,焊缝组织以奥氏体为主,在奥氏体边界析出少量的铁素体,此时焊缝的抗拉强度变化不大,随着氧气引入量的增大,焊缝的低温冲击韧性有所下降;相对于分离电弧AA-TIG焊,耦合电弧AA-TIG焊焊缝的冲击韧性下降较少.在氧气的引入量低于2 L/min时,耦合电弧AA-TIG焊焊缝冲击韧性较好,甚至超过普通TIG焊焊缝.