基于TLR-4/MyD88/NF-κB对健脾化滞丸治疗溃疡性结肠炎的机制进行拆方研究

目的:通过建立脾虚湿蕴型溃疡性结肠炎(UC)大鼠模型,探讨健脾化滞丸及其不同拆方对TLR-4/MyD88/NF-κB通路的影响。方法:64只Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照组8只、模型组56只,采用中医证候联合乙醇-2,4,6-三硝基苯磺酸灌肠法复制UC大鼠模型,造模成功后,将模型大鼠随机分为模型组(M)、美沙拉嗪组(A)、健脾化滞丸全方组(B)、健脾清化方组(C)、健脾清化活血方组(D)、健脾清化导滞方组(E)、清化导滞活血方组(F),每组8只,给予相应药物灌胃4周,疗程结束后处死所有大鼠并取材,观察大鼠体质量变化、疾病活动度及结肠病理改变,ELISA及免疫组化检测大鼠结肠组织TNF-α表达;RT-PCR及Western blot检测大鼠结肠组织TLR-4、MyD88、NF-κB mRNA及蛋白表达。结果:健脾化滞丸全方、健脾清化方、健脾清化活血方组及健脾清化导滞方组大鼠体质量明显高于模型组(P<0.01),各治疗组均能明显改善UC模型大鼠结肠组织病理损伤及疾病活动指数,其中健脾化滞丸全方组及健脾清化活血方组作用最好。各治疗组均可抑制结肠组织TLR-4、MyD88、NF-κB mRNA及蛋白表达(P<0.001),其中美沙拉嗪组、健脾化滞丸全方组、健脾清化导滞方组及清化导滞活血方组在降低NF-κB mRNA及蛋白表达上明显优于健脾清化方组及健脾清化活血方组(P<0.05)。各组均能降低结肠组织TNF-α表达(P<0.001),组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:健脾化滞丸及各拆方均可能通过TLR-4/MyD88/NF-κB通路发挥作用,其中黄连、煨木香、凤尾草、炮姜可能为本方核心药物,对临床具有一定指导意义。

支气管肺泡灌洗液及血清NF-κB、TLR-2、TLR-4、TNF-α在肺炎诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)及血清核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)、Toll样受体2(TLR-2)、Toll样受体4(TLR-4)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)在肺炎诊断中的应用价值。方法选取2023年1月—2024年3月于吉林大学第二医院就诊的57例肺炎患者纳入研究组,另取同期体检的健康者57例纳入对照组,均采集外周静脉血与肺泡灌洗液,检测NF-κB、TLR-2、TLR-4、TNF-α水平,采用Pearson相关性分析患者血清及BALF中NF-κB、TLR-2、TLR-4、TNF-α的相关性。结果研究组患者血清NF-κB(41.74±4.75)μg/L、TLR-2(5.32±1.12)ng/L、TLR-4(6.44±1.61)ng/L、TNF-α(4.36±1.03)ng/L水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组患者BALF中NF-κB(8.19±2.62)μg/L、TLR-2(2.97±0.79)ng/L、TLR-4(4.24±1.18)ng/L、TNF-α(2.04±0.59)ng/L水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析显示,患者血清及BALF中NF-κB、TLR-2、TLR-4、TNF-α水平呈正相关性(P<0.05)。结论肺炎患者血清及BALF中NF-κB、TLR-2、TLR-4、TNF-α均呈高表达,联合检测有助于早期诊断及评估病情。

基于TLR-4/NF-κB信号通路探究金花茶提取物对非酒精性脂肪肝的作用

探讨金花茶提取物对非酒精性脂肪肝病(NAFLD)大鼠模型的改善作用及其机制。随机选取10只SD大鼠为空白组,剩余50只则灌服高糖高脂乳剂复制非酒精性脂肪肝模型,14 d后造模大鼠按血清中总胆固醇(TC)水平随机分为模型组、辛伐他汀组(8 mg/kg)及金花茶高、中、低剂量组(260、130、65 mg/kg)。分组后连续给药6周,于末次给药前进行口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)并计算血糖曲线下面积(AUC),末次给药后采集血清及肝组织,检测血脂指标总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)及游离脂肪酸(FFA),肝脂指标TC及TG,肝功能指标谷丙转氨酶(ALT)及谷草转氨酶(AST),肝脏脂质过氧化指标丙二醛(MDA)及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD);测定大鼠血清炎症因子指标白介素6(IL-6)、白介素8(IL-8)及肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α);检测血清胰岛素(FINS)并计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR);HE染色法观察肝脏病理形态学变化并进行非酒精性脂肪肝病活动度积分(NAS)评分;测定肝组织中Toll样受体4(TLR-4)和核因子κB(NF-κB)的基因及蛋白的表达。结果表明:与模型组相比,金花茶药物组AUC、HOMA-IR及血清中FINS、TG、TC、LDL-C、FFA、ALT、AST、IL-6、IL-8、TNF水平显著降低(P<0.05),HDL-C水平明显升高(P<0.05);肝组织TG、TC、MDA中含量显著降低(P<0.05),SOD活性显著升高(P<0.05);肝脏脂肪肝病样变减轻,肝细胞形态异常及炎症浸润明显改善,NAS评分显著下降(P<0.05);TLR-4、NF-κB蛋白及mRNA表达降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中以金花茶高剂量的改善效果最佳。综上所述,金花茶提取物可通过TLR-4/NF-κB信号通路来调节糖脂代谢紊乱,降低炎症反应和减轻炎症浸润,改善NAFLD大鼠肝脏病变。

拉考沙胺联合奥卡西平治疗局灶性癫痫的疗效及对脑电图频段功率、血清TLR-4、NF-κB水平影响

目的探讨拉考沙胺联合奥卡西平治疗局灶性癫痫的疗效及对患者脑电图频段功率、血清Toll样受体-4(TLR-4)、核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)水平影响。方法选取2022年1月至2023年2月本院收治的局灶性癫痫患者102例,根据随机数字表法分为基线组和试验组,每组51例。基线组采用奥卡西平治疗,试验组采用拉考沙胺联合奥卡西平治疗。两组均治疗6个月后评估疗效。比较两组患者治疗前、治疗6个月癫痫发作频率、脑电图频段功率,检测血清TLR-4、NF-κB水平。分析两组患者治疗6个月TLR-4、NF-κB水平与疗效的关系。统计两组患者治疗期间不良反应发生率。结果试验组治疗总有效率高于基线组(P<0.05)。治疗6个月,两组患者癫痫发作频率降低,且试验组低于基线组(P<0.05);两组α、β频段功率升高,δ、θ频段功率降低,且试验组变化幅度大于基线组(P<0.05)。治疗6个月,试验组、基线组TLR-4(r=-0.820、-0.666,P均<0.001)、NF-κB(r=-0.744、-0.643,P均<0.001)水平与疗效均呈负相关。治疗期间试验组不良反应发生率与基线组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论拉考沙胺联合奥卡西平治疗局灶性癫痫疗效显著,可有效改善患者脑电图频段功率,减少发作频率,且安全性有保障。

Jianpi Gushen Huayu decoction ameliorated diabetic nephropathy through modulating metabolites in kidney,and inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 and JNK/P38 pathways

BACKGROUND Jianpi Gushen Huayu Decoction(JPGS)has been used to clinically treat diabetic nephropathy(DN)for many years.However,the protective mechanism of JPGS in treating DN remains unclear.AIM To evaluate the therapeutic effects and the possible mechanism of JPGS on DN.METHODS We first evaluated the therapeutic potential of JPGS on a DN mouse model.We then investigated the effect of JPGS on the renal metabolite levels of DN mice using non-targeted metabolomics.Furthermore,we examined the effects of JPGS on c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK)/P38-mediated apoptosis and the inflammatory responses mediated by toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)/NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3(NLRP3).RESULTS The ameliorative effects of JPGS on DN mice included the alleviation of renal injury and the control of inflammation and oxidative stress.Untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed that JPGS altered the metabolites of the kidneys in DN mice.A total of 51 differential metabolites were screened.Pathway analysis results indicated that nine pathways significantly changed between the control and model groups,while six pathways significantly altered between the model and JPGS groups.Pathways related to cysteine and methionine metabolism;alanine,tryptophan metabolism;aspartate and glutamate metabolism;and riboflavin metabolism were identified as the key pathways through which JPGS affects DN.Further experimental validation showed that JPGS treatment reduced the expression of TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathways and JNK/P38 pathway-mediated apoptosis related factors.CONCLUSION JPGS could markedly treat mice with streptozotocin(STZ)-induced DN,which is possibly related to the regulation of several metabolic pathways found in kidneys.Furthermore,JPGS could improve kidney inflammatory responses and ameliorate kidney injuries in DN mice via the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway and inhibit JNK/P38 pathwaymediated apoptosis in DN mice.

The potential mechanism of Isodon suzhouensis against COVID-19 via EGFR/TLR4 pathways

Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19)has brought the new challenges to scientific research.Isodon suzhouensis has good anti-inflammatory and antioxidant stress effects,which is considered as a potential treatment for COVID-19.The possibility for the treatment of COVID-19 with I.suzhouensis and its potential mechanism of action were explored by employing molecular docking and network pharmacology.Network pharmacology and molecular docking were used to screen drug targets,and lipopolysaccharide(LPS)induced RAW264.7 and NR8383 cells inflammation model was used for experimental verification.Collectively a total of 209 possible linkages against 18 chemical components from I.suzhouensis and 1194 COVID-19 related targets were selected.Among these,164 common targets were obtained from the intersection of I.suzhouensis and COVID-19.Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enriched 582 function targets and 87 target proteins pathways,respectively.The results from molecular docking studies revealed that rutin,vitexin,isoquercitrin and quercetin had significant binding ability with 3 chymotrypsin like protease(3CLpro)and angiotensin converting enzyme 2(ACE2).In vitro studies showed that I.suzhouensis extract(ISE)may inhibit the activation of PI3K/Akt pathway and the expression level of downstream proinflammatory factors by inhibiting the activation of epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)in RAW264.7 cells induced by LPS.In addition,ISE was able to inhibit the activation of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in NR8383 cells exposed to LPS.Overall,the network pharmacology and in vitro studies conclude that active components from I.suzhouensis have strong therapeutic potential against COVID-19 through multi-target,multi-pathway dimensions and can be a promising candidate against COVID-19.

COL4A2 enhances thyroid cancer cell proliferation through the AKT pathway

Objectives:Thyroid cancer(THCA)is the most common malignant tumor in endocrine system and the incidence has been increasing worldwide.And the number of patients dying from THCA has also gradually risen because the incidence continues to increase,so the mechanisms related to effective targets is necessary to improve the survival.This study was to preliminarily investigate the effects of the COL4A2 gene on the regulation of thyroid cancer(THCA)cell proliferation and the associated pathways.Methods:Bioinformatics analysis revealed that COL4A2 was closely associated with cancer development.COL4A2 expression in THCA tissues was analyzed using immunohistochemistry,and survival information was determined via Kaplan-Meier curves.The expression of COL4A2 and AKT pathway-related genes were analyzed using qPCR and western blot analyses.Colony formation as well as CCK-8 assays exhibited the cell proliferation level and cell activity,respectively.Downstream of COL4A2 was identified by Gene set enrichment analysis(GSEA).The effects of the COL4A2 and AKT pathways on THCA tumor growth in vivo were determined using a mouse model.Results:Bioinformatics analysis exhibited that COL4A2 plays a significant role in cancer and that the AKT pathway is downstream of COL4A2.THCA patients with high COL4A2 expression had shorter recurrence-free survival.Upregulation of COL4A2 gene expression in 2 THCA cell lines promoted tumor cell growth and activity.The use of AKT pathway blockers also restrained the growth and activity of the 2 THCA cell lines.The use of AKT pathway blockers reduced tumor volume and mass and prolonged mouse survival.Conclusions:COL4A2 can promote the growth as well as development of THCA through the AKT pathway and COL4A2 could be used as a target for THCA.

Protective effects of Bifi dobacterium breve on imiquimod-induced psoriasis in mice through secondary bile acid production and FXR-TLR4/NF-κB pathway

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Bifi dobacterium breve CCFM683 on psoriasis and to investigate the underlying mechanisms.B.breve CCFM683 significantly ameliorated psoriasis in mice as well as elevated the deoxycholic acid(DCA)and lithocholic acid(LCA)in the colon compared with those of the imiquimod(IMQ)-treated mice.Meanwhile,B.breve CCFM683 increased the relative abundance of DCA-producing Lachnoclostridium and diminished the harmful Desulfovibrio and Prevotellaceae UCG001.Additionally,the farnesoid X receptor(FXR)in the skin was activated and the expression of the Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB)pathway was inhibited,and the downstream interleukin(IL)-17 and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-αwere downregulated whereas IL-10 was up-regulated.Moreover,the subsequent hyperproliferation of keratinocytes and the dysfunction of the epidermal barrier were improved.In conclusion,CCFM683 administration ameliorated IMQ-induced psoriasis via modulating gut microbiota,promoting the DCA production,regulating the FXR-TLR4/NF-κB pathway,diminishing proinflammatory cytokines,and regulating keratinocytes and epidermal barrier.These findings may be conducive to elucidating the mechanism for probiotics to ameliorate psoriasis and to promote its clinical trials in skin disease.

Branched-chain fatty acids from goat milk alleviate ulcerative colitis via the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway

Branched-chain fatty acids(BCFAs)are new bioactive fatty acids with anti-inflammatory properties.However,the role of BCFAs in alleviating ulcerative colitis has not been clarified.Herein,we evaluated the protective effect of BCFAs from goat milk in mice with colitis induced using dextran sodium sulfate(DSS)and explored the corresponding mechanism.These results show that BCFAs extracted from goat milk can significantly alleviate weight loss in mice,and reduce the disease activity index and the activity of myeloperoxidase while increasing the content of antioxidant enzymes in colon tissue and reducing the oxidation stress response.These data also show that BCFAs can down-regulate the gene and protein expression of the toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/nuclear factorκB p65(NF-κB p65)/NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3(NLRP3)signaling pathway,and at the same time significantly reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α),interleukin 1β(IL-1β),and IL-18 in colon tissue,and significantly increase the expression of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10.In conclusion,these results demonstrated that BCFAs in goat milk exerted effects on colitis-related inflammatory cytokines and inhibited inflammation by inducing the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway to alleviate DSS-induced ulcerative colitis.This study provides evidence for the potential of BCFAs as bioactive fatty acids in food products and to ameliorate ulcerative colitis development in mice.

Kuicolong-yu enema decoction retains traditional Chinese medicine enema attenuates inflammatory response ulcerative colitis through TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway

BACKGROUND Ulcer colitis(UC)is a chronic,nonspecific,and noninfectious inflammatory bowel disease.Recently,Toll-like receptors(TLRs)have been found to be closely associated with clinical inflammatory diseases.Achieving complete remission in patients with intermittent periods of activity followed by dormancy is challenging.Moreover,no study has explored the mechanism by which Kuicolong-yu enema decoction retains traditional Chinese medicine enemas to attenuate the inflammatory response in UC.AIM To explore the mechanism by which Kuicolong-yu enema decoction retains traditional Chinese medicine enemas to attenuate the inflammatory response in UC.METHODS This prospective clinical study included patients who met the exclusion criteria in 2020 and 2021.The patients with UC were divided into two groups(control and experimental).The peripheral blood of the experimental and control groups were collected under aseptic conditions.The expression of TLR4 protein,NF-κB,IL-6,and IL-17 was detected in the peripheral blood of patients in the experimental group and control group before and 1 month after taking the drug.Linear co rrelation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between the expression level of TLR4 protein and the expression levels of downstream signal NF-κB and inflammatory factors IL-6 and IL-17,and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS There were no significant differences in the patient characteristics between the control and experimental groups.The results showed that the expression levels of TLR4 and NF-κB in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The levels of IL-6 and IL-17 in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The TLR4 protein expression in the experimental group was positively correlated with the expression level of downstream signal NF-κB and was positively correlated with the levels of downstream inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-17(r=0.823,P<0.05).CONCLUSION Kuicolong-yu enema decoction retains traditional Chinese medicine enema attenuates the inflammatory response of UC through the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.

基于TLR-4/NF-κB信号通路探讨归术益坤方联合粪菌移植对多囊卵巢综合征大鼠的治疗作用

目的 探讨归术益坤方联合粪菌移植治疗多囊卵巢综合征(Polycystic ovary syndrome, PCOS)的潜在机制。方法 将30只6周龄SD雌性大鼠按随机数字表法分为对照组、模型组、粪菌移植组、中药组、中药联合粪菌移植组,每组各6只。采用来曲唑诱导PCOS大鼠模型,以对照组大鼠新鲜粪便、归术益坤方进行干预,观察大鼠动情周期。检测大鼠血清性激素[黄体生成素(Luteinizing hormone, LH)、促卵泡激素(Follicle-stimulating hormone, FSH)、睾酮(Testosterone, T)]、空腹胰岛素(Fasting insulin, FINS)、空腹血糖(Fasting plasmaglucose, FPG)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR);酶联免疫吸附测定(Enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay, ELISA)检测大鼠白细胞介素-18(Interleukin-18,IL-18)、瘤坏死因子-α(Tumor Necrosis Factor, TNF-α)水平;HE染色观察大鼠卵巢形态学变化;Western Blot检测卵巢组织Toll样受体4(TLR-4)、磷酸化NF-κB p65相对表达量。结果 与对照组比较,模型组大鼠出现动情周期紊乱、卵巢呈多囊样改变,T、LH、LH/FSH、体质量、FPG、FINS、HOMA-IR、IL-18、TNF-α水平均明显升高(P<0.01),卵巢组织TLR-4、磷酸化NF-κB p65表达量上升(P<0.05,P<0.01);与模型组比较,归术益坤方联合粪菌移植可显著改善上述指标(P<0.05);粪菌移植可降低T、LH、LH/FSH、体质量、FPG、HOMA-IR、TNF-α(P<0.05),下调卵巢组织TLR-4、磷酸化NF-κB p65表达(P<0.01),归术益坤方可降低T、LH、LH/FSH、体质量、FPG、FINS、HOMA-IR、IL-18、TNF-α(P<0.05),下调卵巢组织TLR-4、磷酸化NF-κB p65表达量(P<0.01)。结论 归术益坤方联合粪菌移植可明显改善PCOS大鼠生殖功能和代谢异常,潜在机制可能是改善肠道微生态,下调TLR-4/NF-κB信号通路,改善慢性炎症状态。

基于TLR-4/MyD88/NF-κB通路探讨针刺改善血管性痴呆大鼠认知功能的机制

目的研究针刺通过调控Toll样受体4(TLR-4)/髓样分化因子88(MyD88)/核因子κB(NF-κB)信号通路改善血管性痴呆大鼠认知功能的机制。方法将36只SPF级SD雄性大鼠采用随机数表法分成假手术组(A组)、模型组(B组)和针刺组(C组),每组12只。B组和C组采用改良两血管结扎法制备血管性痴呆模型,A组仅手术分离双侧颈总动脉、不结扎。C组采用针刺“百会”“肾俞”“丰隆”穴进行干预,每个疗程6天,共2个疗程;A组、B组正常喂养,不进行干预。每组大鼠进行Morris水迷宫实验,评估其学习记忆能力;ELISA测定大鼠血清IL-1β、TNF-α水平;Real-time PCR测定海马TLR-4、MyD88、NF-κB mRNA的表达;免疫组化测定大脑Iba1、NF-κB蛋白的阳性表达;Western blot测定海马IL-1β、TNF-α相对表达水平。结果与B组相比,C组大鼠逃避潜伏期缩短(P<0.01),穿越平台次数增多(P<0.05);血清中TNF-α、IL-1β浓度明显降低(P<0.01);海马中TLR-4、MyD88、NF-κB mRNA的表达量明显减少(P<0.01);大脑的Iba1、NF-κB蛋白的阳性表达明显减少(P<0.01);海马中的TNF-α、IL-1β相对表达量明显减少(P<0.01)。结论针刺“百会”“肾俞”“丰隆”穴可以改善血管性痴呆大鼠的认知功能障碍,其机制可能与通过抑制TLR-4/MyD88/NF-κB信号通路活性,从而抑制神经炎性反应有关。

吴茱萸碱抑制HMGB1/TLR-4/NF-κB信号通路对类风湿关节炎大鼠的改善作用

目的 探讨吴茱萸碱(Evo)对类风湿关节炎(RA)大鼠滑膜增生和炎性反应的改善作用机制。方法 建立胶原诱导的RA模型大鼠,分为模型组、吴茱萸碱低、中、高剂量组(Evo-L、M、H组)、阳性对照组(美洛昔康组),另设健康大鼠为对照组。评估6组大鼠足跖肿胀度及关节炎指数;HE染色检测滑膜组织病理学变化;TUNEL染色观察滑膜细胞凋亡;微量法检测滑膜组织氧化应激指标(MDA、SOD、GSH Px)水平;ELISA法检测血清炎性因子水平;Western blot法检测滑膜组织高迁移率族蛋白B1(HMGB1)/Toll样受体4(TLR-4)/核因子-κB(NF-κB)信号通路蛋白表达。结果 与模型组比较,Evo-L、M、H组和美洛昔康组大鼠滑膜组织病理学变化不同程度好转,足跖肿胀度及关节炎指数、MDA、IL-6、CRP、TNF-α水平、HMGB1、TLR-4蛋白水平及p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65比值显著下降(P<0.05),滑膜细胞凋亡率、SOD、GSH Px水平显著上升(P<0.05)。结论 吴茱萸碱可能通过抑制HMGB1/TLR-4/NF-κB信号通路,改善RA大鼠的滑膜增生和炎性反应。

抗菌肽CC34对小鼠肠炎的缓解作用

为了揭示抗菌肽CC34对脂多糖(LPS)诱导小鼠肠道炎症的缓解作用及机制,试验选择40只无特定病原体(SPF)级小鼠,随机分为4组,每组10只。CC34组和LPS+CC34组小鼠腹腔注射9 mg/kg CC34,LPS组和Control组小鼠注射等体积生理盐水,持续7 d;第7 d给药1 h后,LPS组、LPS+CC34组小鼠注射7.5 mg/kg LPS,CC34组和Control组注射等体积生理盐水。结果显示,与Control组相比,CC34组小鼠的肝脏、脾脏、心脏指数无显著变化(P>0.05),但结肠长度极显著增长(P<0.01)。与LPS组相比,LPS+CC34组小鼠肝脏中的荷菌数及十二指肠和回肠中炎性因子的含量极显著降低(P<0.01);肠道组织中闭锁小带-1(ZO-1)、封闭蛋白-1(Claudin-1)和闭合蛋白(Occludin)的基因表达水平极显著升高(P<0.01),十二指肠的绒毛高度/隐窝深度值(V/C)显著升高(P<0.05);肠道组织中髓过氧化物酶(MPO)的基因表达水平极显著降低(P<0.01);肠组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)基因的表达及活性极显著升高(P<0.01),丙二醛(MDA)含量极显著降低(P<0.01),总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)极显著增强(P<0.01);肠组织中Toll样受体-4(TLR-4)和髓样分化因子88(MyD88)的基因表达水平极显著下调(P<0.01),十二指肠中p65磷酸化水平极显著降低(P<0.01)。研究表明,CC34通过下调TLR-4/核因子κ(NF-κB)信号通路,缓解了小鼠肠道炎症。

miR-494靶向TLR-4通路在骨质疏松发病中的作用及机制

目的 探究miR-494在骨质疏松大鼠中的表达及其调控机制。方法 选取30只8周龄雌性Sprague-Dawley大鼠,构建骨质疏松大鼠模型。双能X线吸收仪测定骨密度。ELISA检测大鼠血清中骨钙素(BGP)和总碱性磷酸酶(TALP)含量。分类培养大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)。qRT-PCR检测miR-494和TLR4 mRNA的表达。Western blot检测TLR4蛋白的表达。双荧光素酶报告基因验证miR-494与TLR-4的靶向关系。CCK8实验检测各组BMSCs的增殖能力。茜素红S染色检测各组BMSCs成骨分化情况。油红O染色检测各组BMSCs成脂分化情况。结果 和NC组相比,OP组大鼠骨密度、BGP含量、细胞增殖能力、矿化结节数均显著降低,TALP含量、miR-494和TLR4的表达、脂肪细胞数均显著升高(P<0.05)。和OP组相比,OP+miR-494 inhibitor组大鼠骨密度、BGP含量、细胞增殖能力、矿化结节数均显著升高,TALP含量、miR-494和TLR4的表达、脂肪细胞数均显著降低(P<0.05)。和OP+miR-494 inhibitor组相比,OP+miR-494 inhibitor+TLR-4 vector组大鼠骨密度、BGP含量、细胞增殖能力、矿化结节数均显著降低,TALP含量、miR-494和TLR4的表达、脂肪细胞数均显著升高;OP+miR-494 inhibitor+sh TLR-4组大鼠骨密度、BGP含量、细胞增殖能力、矿化结节数均显著升高,TALP含量、miR-494和TLR4的表达、脂肪细胞数均显著降低(P<0.05)。结论 miR-494通过促进TLR-4通路的表达,加快大鼠骨质疏松的进展,为骨质疏松的发病机制提供新的理论依据。

Morroniside ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory damage in iris pigment epithelial cells through inhibition of TLR4/JAK2/STAT3 pathway

AIM:To investigate the effect of morroniside(Mor)on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-treated iris pigment epithelial cells(IPE).METHODS:IPE cells were induced by LPS and treated with Mor.Cell proliferation was detected by cell counting kit(CCK)-8,apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry,the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-6,and IL-8 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)kits,and the protein expression of TLR4,JAK2,p-JAK2,STAT3,and p-STAT3 was analyzed by Western blotting.In addition,overexpression of TLR4 and Mor treatment of LPS-stimulated IPE cells were also tested for the above indices.RESULTS:Mor effectively promoted the proliferation and inhibited the apoptosis of LPS-treated IPE cells.In addition,Mor significantly reduced the levels of TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-8 and significantly inhibited the expression of TLR4,p-JAK2,and p-STAT3 in LPS-treated IPE cells.The effect of Mor on LPS-treated IPE cells was markedly attenuated after overexpression of TLR4.CONCLUSION:These findings suggest that Mor may ameliorate LPS-induced inflammatory damage and apoptosis in IPE through inhibition of TLR4/JAK2/STAT3 pathway.

To investigate the effect of Shenqi Tiaoshen Formula on CSE induced inflammatory response of MH-S cells based on TLR4/NF-kB/NLRP3 pathway

Objective:To study the effects of Shenqi Tiaoshen Formula(SQTS)on the inflammatory response of MH-S cells induced by cigarette smoking extract(CSE)and its mechanism based on TLR4/NF-kB/NLRP3 pathway.Methods:MH-S cells were used as subjects to evaluate cell viability by CCK-8 method.The levels of TNF-α,IL-1βand IL-6 in the supernatant were detected by ELISA.ROS were detected by DCFH-DA fluorescence probe.Western blotting was used to detect the expression of TLR4/NF-kB/NLRP3 pathway protein,and TAK-242,a TLR4 inhibitor,was used to verify the role of SQTS in the TLR4/NF-kB/NLRP3 pathway.Results:Compared with blank group,the cell survival rate of CSE group was decreased,and the contents of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α,IL-1βand IL-6 were increased(P<0.05),ROS fluorescence expression level was significantly increased(P<0.01),TLR4/NF-kB/NLRP3 pathway protein expression was significantly increased(P<0.05);Compared with CSE group,the survival rate of cells in SQTS groups was increased,and the expression levels of the above indexes were decreased(P<0.05),and TLR4/NF-kB/NLRP3 pathway protein decreased in TAK-242 groups(P<0.05).Conclusion:SQTS can reduce the inflammatory response of MH-S cells induced by CSE by inhibiting TLR4/NF-kB/NLRP3 pathway.

Anti-diabetic potential of apigenin,luteolin,and baicalein via partially activating PI3K/Akt/GLUT-4 signaling pathways in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells

Dietary flavonoids are abundant in natural plants and possess multiple pharmacological and nutritional activities.In this study,apigenin,luteolin,and baicalein were chosen to evaluate their anti-diabetic effect in high-glucose and dexamethasone induced insulin-resistant(IR)HepG2 cells.All flavonoids improves the glucose consumption and glycogen synthesis abilities in IR-HepG2 cells via activating glucose transporter protein 4(GLUT4)and phosphor-glycogen synthase kinase(GSK-3β).These fl avonoids signifi cantly inhibited the production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)and advanced glycation end-products(AGEs),which were closely related to the suppression of the phosphorylation form of NF-κB and P65.The expression levels of insulin receptor substrate-1(IRS-1),insulin receptor substrate-2(IRS-2)and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt)pathway in IR-HepG2 cells were all partially activated by the fl avonoids,with variable effects.Furthermore,the intracellular metabolic conditions of the fl avonoids were also evaluated.

Mechanism of Sanshi decoction inhibits macrophage pyroptosis by inhibiting BRD4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway in the treatment of gouty arthritis

Objective:To observe the effect of Sanshi decoction on BRD4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathwaymediated macrophage pyroptosis,so as to elucidate the molecular mechanism of Sanshi decoction in the treatment of gouty arthritis.Methods:THP-1 was induced into macrophages with foboside and the divided into the control group,model group,low-dose,medium-dose,high-dose group of Sanshi decoction,and BRD4 inhibitor group.Except for the control group,the remaining groups were induced with monosodium urate crystals to construct a gouty arthritis cell model.The activity of macrophages was detected by CCK8,the level of macrophage pyroptosis was detected by flow cytometry,the activity of LDH,the content of IL-1β and IL-18 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,and the expression of related proteins in the BRD4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway was detected by Western blot.Results:Compared with the control group,macrophage activity was decreased in the model group,and the level of pyroptosis,LDH activity,contents of IL-1β and IL-18,expression levels of BRD4,p-NF-kB p65,NLRP3,Caspase-1 p20,and IL-1β protein were significantly up-regulated,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05 and P<0.01).Compared with the model group,macrophage activity was up-regulated in the Sanshi Decoction,and the level of pyroptosis,LDH activity,IL-1β and IL-18 contents,expression levels of BRD4,p-NF-kB p65,NLRP3,Caspase-1 p20,and IL-1β protein were significantly decreased with statistically significant differences(P<0.05 and P<0.01).Conclusion:Sanshi decoction inhibits macrophage pyroptosis by inhibiting BRD4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway activation,thus improving the inflammation level of gouty arthritis.

2型糖尿病患者SUA、TLR-4、PINP水平与骨代谢的关系

分析2型糖尿病患者oll样受体-4(TLR-4)、血清尿酸(SUA)、Ⅰ型原胶原N-端前肽(PINP)水平与骨代谢的关系。选择医院2019年1月—2020年3月诊治的2型糖尿病患者69例,将其纳入病例组;根据患者骨量分成骨量正常组(>-1SD)20例、骨量减少组(>-2.5SD)25例、骨质疏松组(<2.5 SD)23例。另选取同期体检健康的患者70例,将其纳入对照组。检测SUA、TLR-4、PINP水平与骨代谢指标,分析其相关性。研究表明,病人的SUA和PINP水平显著降低(P<0.05),而TLR-4的水平显著升高(P<0.05)。在这些研究中还发现,在不同的研究组别,如骨量正常人组、骨量减少组和骨质疏松组,SUA、TLR-4和PINP的水平存在显著的变化,其中,骨质疏松组的SUA和PINP水平是最低的,而TLR-4的水平是最高的,骨钙素(N-OC)和I型胶原C端肽交联(CTX)的水平也都显著降低(P<0.05),而且这些变化在不同的治疗方案中也显示出了显著的相关性。此外,在不同的治疗方案中,SUA和PINP的变化也显著,而且它们之间存在着显著的相关性。经过研究发现2型糖尿病患者的血清生化指标(SUA、TLR-4和PINP)对他们的骨骼健康有重要的影响。因此,在接受治疗的过程中,建议定期监测这些指标,以避免发生骨折。