基于TLR-4/MyD88/NF-κB对健脾化滞丸治疗溃疡性结肠炎的机制进行拆方研究

目的:通过建立脾虚湿蕴型溃疡性结肠炎(UC)大鼠模型,探讨健脾化滞丸及其不同拆方对TLR-4/MyD88/NF-κB通路的影响。方法:64只Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照组8只、模型组56只,采用中医证候联合乙醇-2,4,6-三硝基苯磺酸灌肠法复制UC大鼠模型,造模成功后,将模型大鼠随机分为模型组(M)、美沙拉嗪组(A)、健脾化滞丸全方组(B)、健脾清化方组(C)、健脾清化活血方组(D)、健脾清化导滞方组(E)、清化导滞活血方组(F),每组8只,给予相应药物灌胃4周,疗程结束后处死所有大鼠并取材,观察大鼠体质量变化、疾病活动度及结肠病理改变,ELISA及免疫组化检测大鼠结肠组织TNF-α表达;RT-PCR及Western blot检测大鼠结肠组织TLR-4、MyD88、NF-κB mRNA及蛋白表达。结果:健脾化滞丸全方、健脾清化方、健脾清化活血方组及健脾清化导滞方组大鼠体质量明显高于模型组(P<0.01),各治疗组均能明显改善UC模型大鼠结肠组织病理损伤及疾病活动指数,其中健脾化滞丸全方组及健脾清化活血方组作用最好。各治疗组均可抑制结肠组织TLR-4、MyD88、NF-κB mRNA及蛋白表达(P<0.001),其中美沙拉嗪组、健脾化滞丸全方组、健脾清化导滞方组及清化导滞活血方组在降低NF-κB mRNA及蛋白表达上明显优于健脾清化方组及健脾清化活血方组(P<0.05)。各组均能降低结肠组织TNF-α表达(P<0.001),组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:健脾化滞丸及各拆方均可能通过TLR-4/MyD88/NF-κB通路发挥作用,其中黄连、煨木香、凤尾草、炮姜可能为本方核心药物,对临床具有一定指导意义。

基于TLR-4/MyD88/NF-κB通路探讨针刺改善血管性痴呆大鼠认知功能的机制

目的研究针刺通过调控Toll样受体4(TLR-4)/髓样分化因子88(MyD88)/核因子κB(NF-κB)信号通路改善血管性痴呆大鼠认知功能的机制。方法将36只SPF级SD雄性大鼠采用随机数表法分成假手术组(A组)、模型组(B组)和针刺组(C组),每组12只。B组和C组采用改良两血管结扎法制备血管性痴呆模型,A组仅手术分离双侧颈总动脉、不结扎。C组采用针刺“百会”“肾俞”“丰隆”穴进行干预,每个疗程6天,共2个疗程;A组、B组正常喂养,不进行干预。每组大鼠进行Morris水迷宫实验,评估其学习记忆能力;ELISA测定大鼠血清IL-1β、TNF-α水平;Real-time PCR测定海马TLR-4、MyD88、NF-κB mRNA的表达;免疫组化测定大脑Iba1、NF-κB蛋白的阳性表达;Western blot测定海马IL-1β、TNF-α相对表达水平。结果与B组相比,C组大鼠逃避潜伏期缩短(P<0.01),穿越平台次数增多(P<0.05);血清中TNF-α、IL-1β浓度明显降低(P<0.01);海马中TLR-4、MyD88、NF-κB mRNA的表达量明显减少(P<0.01);大脑的Iba1、NF-κB蛋白的阳性表达明显减少(P<0.01);海马中的TNF-α、IL-1β相对表达量明显减少(P<0.01)。结论针刺“百会”“肾俞”“丰隆”穴可以改善血管性痴呆大鼠的认知功能障碍,其机制可能与通过抑制TLR-4/MyD88/NF-κB信号通路活性,从而抑制神经炎性反应有关。

Effect of dexmedetomidine on the prevention of PSH in patients with severe craniocerebral injury by regulating TLR4/My D88/NF-kappa B signaling pathway

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of dexmedetomidine in the regulation of TLR4/My D88/NF-κB in the prevention of paroxysmal sympathetic over-excitation (PSH) in patients with severe head injury. Methods:One hundred patients with severe head injury who were admitted to our hospital from September 2016 to May 2019 were enrolled. The randomized digital table method was divided into 50 cases in the study group and the control group. Patients in the study group were given dexmedetomidine at a dose of 1.0 μg/kg before anesthesia induction, followed by infusion at 0.4 μg / (kg·h), and the control group was injected with the same amount of normal saline. The incidence of PSH, clinical symptoms, imaging findings, mechanical ventilation time, tracheal intubation/incision duration, ICU hospitalization time, total length of hospital stay, and GCS scores three months after discharge were compared between the two groups. At the same time, the fluorescence intensity, TLR4, NF-κB expression level and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression levels in peripheral blood CD14+ monocytes of the two groups were detected. Results:The incidence of PSH was significantly lower in the study group than in the control group at 7 and 3 months (P<0.05). The total length of hospital stay, duration of ICU hospitalization, intraoperative tracheotomy, and mechanical ventilation time were significantly lower in the study group than in the control group. And the GCS score was higher than the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). In addition, the imaging results showed that there were some differences in the location of imaging lesions between the two groups. The proportion of lesions in the ventricular system and surrounding areas was higher in the control group than in the study group (P<0.05). And the T14-T3 CD14+ PBMC MyD88 fluorescence intensity, TLR4 and NK-κB positive expression rate were significantly higher than those of T0 (P<0.05), but the MyD88 fluorescence intensity, TLR4 and NK-κB positive expression rate in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group at T1~T3 (P<0.05). The levels of serum TNF-α in T1~T3 groups were significantly higher than those in T0 (P<0.05), but the levels of serum TNF-α in T1~T3 in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P< 0.05). Conclusions:Dexmedetomidine can reduce the oxidative stress response in patients with severe head injury by inhibiting TLR4/My D88/NF-κB signaling pathway, thus effectively reducing the risk of PSH and improving the prognosis of patients.

Inhibitory Effect of Bergenin on TLR-4/NF-κB Signal Pathway in Reducing Allergic Rhinitis in Mice

[Objectives]To explore the effect and possible mechanism of bergenin in relieving allergic rhinitis(AR)in mice.[Methods]50 C57/BL6 mice were randomly divided into blank group(n=10),model group(n=10)and high(100 mg/kg),medium(50 mg/kg)and low(25 mg/kg)dose bergenin groups with 10 mice in each group.Except for the blank group,the other mice were sensitized by basic ways combined with attack to replicate the AR model.From the 15th d of modeling(from the second d after the end of the basic modeling),the drug group was given bergenin orally for 15 d,and the blank group and model group were given the same volume of normal saline once a day.24 h after the last establishment of the model,the content of interleukin 4(IL-4),IL-6,TNF-αand IL-1βin nasal lavage fluid and serum of mice in each group was detected by ELISA.The expression of TLR-4,NF-κB and p-NF-κB in nasal mucosa of mice was detected by Western blot.[Results]Compared with the blank group,the content of inflammatory factors IL-4,IL-6,TNF-αand IL-1βin nasal lavage fluid and serum of model group was significantly increased,and the protein expression of TLR-4 and p-NF-κB was significantly increased.After the intervention of bergenin,the content of IL-4,IL-6,TNF-αand IL-1βin nasal lavage fluid and serum and TLR-4 and p-NF-κB protein in tissue was significantly inhibited in bergenin group.[Conclusions]Bergenin can effectively reduce allergic inflammation in AR model mice,and its mechanism may be related to inhibition of inflammation and down-regulation of TLR-4/NF-κB signal pathway.

Bioinformatic Analysis and Experimental Verification of QJHGD on Caerulein-induced Inflammatory Response in SAP Model Rats Based on TLR4/NF-κB/My D88 Pathway

[Objectives]To conduct bioinformatic analysis and experimental verification of Qingjie Huagong Decoction(QJHGD)on caerulein-induced inflammatory response in severe acute pancreatitis(SAP)model rats based on TLR4/NF-κB/MyD88 pathway.[Methods]The effective component groups and potential targets of QJHGD were collected by the network pharmacology method.A drug-component-target network was constructed.The GO and KEGG of targets were enriched and analyzed with the aid of Metascape database,and the target pathway related to SAP inflammation was screened.The SAP rat model was established by caerulein combined with lipopolysaccharide,and QJHGD was intragastrically administered.Pancreatic tissue was observed by HE staining.In addition,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemistry were used to verify the anti-inflammatory effect of QJHGD on SAP rats and its regulatory effect on TLR4/NF-κB/MyD88 target pathway.[Results]A total of 105 active components of QJHGD and 148 key targets of SAP were predicted and screened;KEGG was enriched in 320 different pathways including toll-like receptor and NF-κB classical pathways.Animal experiment verified that QJHGD reduced serum amylase,serum lipase activity,IL-6,TNF-αlevels in SAP rats;HE staining showed the effect of QJHGD on the pathological changes of pancreas,and QJHGD inhibited the positive expression of key proteins of TLR4,NF-κB and MyD88 in the inflammatory transduction pathway.[Conclusions]The mechanism of QJHGD improving pancreatic injury in SAP rats may be related to down-regulating the expression of key proteins in the TLR4/NF-κB/MyD88 pathway.

金丝桃苷对支原体肺炎模型小鼠TLR-4/MyD88/NF-κB信号通路的影响

目的 探讨金丝桃苷对支原体肺炎模型小鼠TLR-4/MyD88/NF-κB信号通路的影响。方法60只BALB/c小鼠通过随机数表法分为对照组(Control)、模型组(MP)及金丝桃苷组(Hyp),每组20只,采用支原体菌液滴鼻感染建立支原体肺炎小鼠模型。HE染色观察各组小鼠肺组织病理学变化;全自动生化分析仪检测血清中C-反应蛋白(CRP)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和心肌型肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)水平,检测肺组织中活性氧簇(ROS)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)水平;酶联免疫方法(ELISA)检测血清白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)与肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的含量;Western blot方法检测各组小鼠肺组织TLR-4、MyD88与NF-κB蛋白的表达。结果 金丝桃苷能够减轻MP感染小鼠肺组织的炎症反应;降低MP感染小鼠血清CRP、ALT、AST、LDH和CK-MB表达水平(P<0.01);降低血清IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α含量(P<0.01);降低MP感染小鼠肺组织ROS表达水平,上调SOD和GSH表达水平(P<0.01);降低TLR-4、MyD88与NF-κB蛋白的表达(P<0.01)。结论 金丝桃苷能够减轻肺炎支原体感染小鼠的炎性反应,其作用机制可能与抑制TLR-4/MyD88/NF-κB信号通路有关。

高压氧对缺氧缺血性脑损伤新生大鼠TLR-4信号通路的影响

目的探讨高压氧对缺氧缺血性脑损伤新生大鼠TLR-4信号通路的影响。方法选取36只7日龄SD新生大鼠,随机分为3组:假手术组(n=12),缺氧缺血性脑损伤组(n=12),高压氧治疗组(n=12)。采用Rice法制作新生大鼠缺氧缺血性脑损伤模型,假手术组大鼠分离左颈总动脉后不结扎直接缝合皮肤,高压氧治疗组大鼠在模型制作成功后,给予高压氧治疗,1 h/d,连续7 d。测定各组大鼠体质量增长率与左/右脑重量比值;应用TUNEL法检测脑组织神经细胞凋亡情况,Western Blot方法与real time PCR方法分别检测各组新生大鼠脑组织TLR-4、MyD88与NF-κB蛋白与mRNA的表达。结果高压氧治疗可使缺氧缺血性脑损伤新生大鼠的体质量增长率和左/右脑重量比值增加(P<0.05)。与假手术组相比,缺氧缺血性脑损伤组新生大鼠脑组织的神经细胞凋亡数目、Toll样受体-4(TLR-4)、髓样分化因子(MyD88)与核转录因子-κB (NF-κB)蛋白与mRNA的表达均显著升高(P<0.01);与缺氧缺血性脑损伤组相比,高压氧治疗组新生大鼠脑组织的神经细胞凋亡数目、TLR-4、MyD88与NF-κB蛋白与mRNA的表达均显著降低(P<0.01)。结论高压氧减轻缺氧缺血性脑损伤新生大鼠的脑组织损伤可能与抑制TLR-4信号通路相关。

Discovery of novel aporphine alkaloid derivative as potent TLR2 antagonist reversing macrophage polarization and neutrophil infiltration against acute inflammation

Toll-like receptor 2(TLR2)mediated macrophages regulate the protective immune response to infectious microorganisms,but the aberrant activation of macrophages often leads to pathological inflammation,including tissue damage.In this study,we identified antagonists of TLR2 by screening2100 natural products and subsequently identified Taspine,an aporphine alkaloid,as an excellent candidate.Furthermore,analysis of the 10 steps chemical synthesis route and structural optimization yielded the Taspine derivative SMU-Y6,which has higher activity,better solubility,and improved drug-feasible property.Mechanistic studies and seq-RNA analysis revealed that SMU-Y6 inhibited TLR2 over other TLRs,hindered the formation of TLR2/MyD88 complex,and blocked the downstream NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathway,thus suppressing the release of inflammatory cytokines.SMU-Y6 could stabilize TLR2 and bind to TLR2 protein with a Kdof 0.18μmol/L.Additionally,SMU-Y6 could efficiently reverse the M1 phenotype macrophage polarization,reduce the production of cytokines as well as infiltration of neutrophiles and alleviate the local inflammation in mice with acute paw edema and colitis.Collectively,we reported the first aporphine alkaloid derivative that selectively inhibits TLR2 with high binding affinity and superior drug-feasible property,thus providing an urgently-needed molecular probe and potential drug candidate for inflammatory and autoimmune disease therapy.