Kuicolong-yu enema decoction retains traditional Chinese medicine enema attenuates inflammatory response ulcerative colitis through TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway

BACKGROUND Ulcer colitis(UC)is a chronic,nonspecific,and noninfectious inflammatory bowel disease.Recently,Toll-like receptors(TLRs)have been found to be closely associated with clinical inflammatory diseases.Achieving complete remission in patients with intermittent periods of activity followed by dormancy is challenging.Moreover,no study has explored the mechanism by which Kuicolong-yu enema decoction retains traditional Chinese medicine enemas to attenuate the inflammatory response in UC.AIM To explore the mechanism by which Kuicolong-yu enema decoction retains traditional Chinese medicine enemas to attenuate the inflammatory response in UC.METHODS This prospective clinical study included patients who met the exclusion criteria in 2020 and 2021.The patients with UC were divided into two groups(control and experimental).The peripheral blood of the experimental and control groups were collected under aseptic conditions.The expression of TLR4 protein,NF-κB,IL-6,and IL-17 was detected in the peripheral blood of patients in the experimental group and control group before and 1 month after taking the drug.Linear co rrelation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between the expression level of TLR4 protein and the expression levels of downstream signal NF-κB and inflammatory factors IL-6 and IL-17,and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS There were no significant differences in the patient characteristics between the control and experimental groups.The results showed that the expression levels of TLR4 and NF-κB in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The levels of IL-6 and IL-17 in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The TLR4 protein expression in the experimental group was positively correlated with the expression level of downstream signal NF-κB and was positively correlated with the levels of downstream inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-17(r=0.823,P<0.05).CONCLUSION Kuicolong-yu enema decoction retains traditional Chinese medicine enema attenuates the inflammatory response of UC through the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.

基于TLR-4/MyD88/NF-κB对健脾化滞丸治疗溃疡性结肠炎的机制进行拆方研究

目的:通过建立脾虚湿蕴型溃疡性结肠炎(UC)大鼠模型,探讨健脾化滞丸及其不同拆方对TLR-4/MyD88/NF-κB通路的影响。方法:64只Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照组8只、模型组56只,采用中医证候联合乙醇-2,4,6-三硝基苯磺酸灌肠法复制UC大鼠模型,造模成功后,将模型大鼠随机分为模型组(M)、美沙拉嗪组(A)、健脾化滞丸全方组(B)、健脾清化方组(C)、健脾清化活血方组(D)、健脾清化导滞方组(E)、清化导滞活血方组(F),每组8只,给予相应药物灌胃4周,疗程结束后处死所有大鼠并取材,观察大鼠体质量变化、疾病活动度及结肠病理改变,ELISA及免疫组化检测大鼠结肠组织TNF-α表达;RT-PCR及Western blot检测大鼠结肠组织TLR-4、MyD88、NF-κB mRNA及蛋白表达。结果:健脾化滞丸全方、健脾清化方、健脾清化活血方组及健脾清化导滞方组大鼠体质量明显高于模型组(P<0.01),各治疗组均能明显改善UC模型大鼠结肠组织病理损伤及疾病活动指数,其中健脾化滞丸全方组及健脾清化活血方组作用最好。各治疗组均可抑制结肠组织TLR-4、MyD88、NF-κB mRNA及蛋白表达(P<0.001),其中美沙拉嗪组、健脾化滞丸全方组、健脾清化导滞方组及清化导滞活血方组在降低NF-κB mRNA及蛋白表达上明显优于健脾清化方组及健脾清化活血方组(P<0.05)。各组均能降低结肠组织TNF-α表达(P<0.001),组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:健脾化滞丸及各拆方均可能通过TLR-4/MyD88/NF-κB通路发挥作用,其中黄连、煨木香、凤尾草、炮姜可能为本方核心药物,对临床具有一定指导意义。

Calcitriol attenuates liver fibrosis through hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 3-transactivated protein 1-mediated TGF β1/Smad3 and NF-κB signaling pathways

BACKGROUND Hepatic fibrosis is a serious condition,and the development of hepatic fibrosis can lead to a series of complications.However,the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis remains unclear,and effective therapy options are still lacking.Our group identified hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 3-transactivated protein 1(NS3TP1) by suppressive subtractive hybridization and bioinformatics analysis,but its role in diseases including hepatic fibrosis remains undefined.Therefore,additional studies on the function of NS3TP1 in hepatic fibrosis are urgently needed to provide new targets for treatment.AIM To elucidate the mechanism of NS3TP1 in hepatic fibrosis and the regulatory effects of calcitriol on NS3TP1.METHODS Twenty-four male C57BL/6 mice were randomized and separated into three groups,comprising the normal,fibrosis,and calcitriol treatment groups,and liver fibrosis was modeled by carbon tetrachloride(CCl4).To evaluate the level of hepatic fibrosis in every group,serological and pathological examinations of the liver were conducted.TGF-β1 was administered to boost the in vitro cultivation of LX-2 cells.NS3TP1,α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),collagen I,and collagen Ⅲ in every group were examined using a Western blot and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.The activity of the transforming growth factor beta 1(TGFβ1)/Smad3 and NF-κB signaling pathways in each group of cells transfected with pcDNA-NS3TP1 or siRNA-NS3TP1 was detected.The statistical analysis of the data was performed using the Student’s t test.RESULTS NS3TP1 promoted the activation,proliferation,and differentiation of hepatic stellate cells(HSCs)and enhanced hepatic fibrosis via the TGFβ1/Smad3 and NF-κB signaling pathways,as evidenced by the presence of α-SMA,collagen I,collagen Ⅲ,p-smad3,and p-p65 in LX-2 cells,which were upregulated after NS3TP1 overexpression and downregulated after NS3TP1 interference.The proliferation of HSCs was lowered after NS3TP1 interference and elevated after NS3TP1 overexpression,as shown by the luciferase assay.NS3TP1 inhibited the apoptosis of HSCs.Moreover,both Smad3 and p65 could bind to NS3TP1,and p65 increased the promoter activity of NS3TP1,while NS3TP1 increased the promoter activity of TGFβ1 receptor I,as indicated by coimmunoprecipitation and luciferase assay results.Both in vivo and in vitro,treatment with calcitriol dramatically reduced the expression of NS3TP1.Calcitriol therapy-controlled HSCs activation,proliferation,and differentiation and substantially suppressed CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in mice.Furthermore,calcitriol modulated the activities of the above signaling pathways via downregulation of NS3TP1.CONCLUSION Our results suggest that calcitriol may be employed as an adjuvant therapy for hepatic fibrosis and that NS3TP1 is a unique,prospective therapeutic target in hepatic fibrosis.

Immunoregulatory polysaccharides from Apocynum venetum L.flowers stimulate phagocytosis and cytokine expression via activating the NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways in RAW264.7 cells

Two immunomodulatory polysaccharides(Vp2a-Ⅱ and Vp3) were isolated and identified from Apocynum venetum L. flowers, and their innate immune-stimulating functions and working mechanisms were evaluated in RAW264.7 cells. Both the level of released nitric oxide(NO) and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) m RNA were significantly enhanced in the RAW264.7 macrophages cells treated by Vp2a-Ⅱ and Vp3. Vp2a-Ⅱ(100–800 μg/m L) and Vp3(400 μg/mL) could significantly increase the phagocytic activity of RAW264.7 cells and the secretion and m RNA expression of TNF-α and IL-6 in a concentrationdependent manner through affecting mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) activity and nuclear factor κB(NF-κB) nuclear translocation. Vp2a-Ⅱ might activate the MAPK signaling pathways and induce the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65, whilst Vp3 likely activated the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways without influencing the p38 MAPK route.

Acupuncture at Back-Shu point improves insomnia by reducing inflammation and inhibiting the ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway

BACKGROUND Insomnia is a disease where individuals cannot maintain a steady and stable sleep state or fail to fall asleep.Western medicine mainly uses sedatives and hypnotic drugs to treat insomnia,and long-term use is prone to drug resistance and other adverse reactions.Acupuncture has a good curative effect and unique advantages in the treatment of insomnia.AIM To explore the molecular mechanism of acupuncture at Back-Shu point for the treatment of insomnia.METHODS We first prepared a rat model of insomnia,and then carried out acupuncture for 7 consecutive days.After treatment,the sleep time and general behavior of the rats were determined.The Morris water maze test was used to assess the learning ability and spatial memory ability of the rats.The expression levels of inflammatory cytokines in serum and the hippocampus were detected by ELISA.qRTPCR was used to detect the mRNA expression changes in the ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway.Western blot and immunohistochemistry were carried out to evaluate the protein expression levels of RAF-1,MEK-2,ERK1/2 and NF-κB.RESULTS Acupuncture can prolong sleep duration,and improve mental state,activity,diet volume,learning ability and spatial memory.In addition,acupuncture increased the release of 1L-1β,1L-6 and TNF-αin serum and the hippocampus and inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of the ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway.CONCLUSION These findings suggest that acupuncture at Back-Shu point can inhibit the ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway and treat insomnia by increasing the release of inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus.

钙结合蛋白S100A4通过TLR4/NF-κB信号通路调控胶质瘤细胞增殖、存活及迁移功能

目的:探索外源性钙结合蛋白S100A4对胶质瘤细胞增殖、存活及迁移功能的影响及机制。方法:利用UCSC数据库下载泛癌数据集,进行S100A4在泛癌中的表达及预后分析;从CGGA数据库中下载胶质瘤患者的转录组数据和临床数据,利用R软件进行分析S100A4表达在胶质瘤患者中的预后与进展;利用在线分析工具GEPIA与STRING进行胶质瘤患者的S100A4蛋白质网络互作分析。体外培养人胶质瘤细胞系(U87与U251),实验分为3组:PBS组、S100A4组、S100A4+TAK242组[瑞沙托维(TAK242)为Toll-样受体4(TLR4)特异性抑制剂]。流式细胞术检测胶质瘤细胞的增殖与凋亡;细胞划痕实验、Transwell实验及克隆形成实验检测U87与U251细胞的迁移及增殖能力;Western blot检测TLR4蛋白、NF-κB相关信号分子蛋白水平。结果:生物信息学结果显示,S100A4在多种肿瘤中显著上调(P<0.05),包括:胶质母细胞瘤(GBM)、低级胶质瘤(LGG)、胃癌(STAD)、肝细胞肝癌(LIHC)等,其中在GBM和LGG中预后较差。与低表达S1004的胶质瘤患者相比,高表达S100A4的胶质瘤患者生存期更短,WHO分级程度更高。此外,胶质瘤患者S100A4蛋白可能与膜联蛋白A2(ANXA2)、TLR4和晚期糖基化终末产物特异性受体(AGER)蛋白存在相互作用。细胞实验中,与PBS组相比,外源性S100A4处理后,胶质瘤U87和U251细胞增殖、迁移能力增强,TLR4、p-ERK1/2、p-p38、p-p65蛋白水平显著上调(P<0.05)。与S100A4组相比,S100A4+TAK242组胶质瘤细胞增殖、迁移能力减弱,TLR4、p-ERK1/2、p-p38、p-p65蛋白水平显著下调(P<0.05)。结论:S100A4可能通过TLR-4/NF-κB信号通路调控胶质瘤细胞增殖、迁移及存活功能。

基于TLR-4/NF-κB信号通路探讨归术益坤方联合粪菌移植对多囊卵巢综合征大鼠的治疗作用

目的 探讨归术益坤方联合粪菌移植治疗多囊卵巢综合征(Polycystic ovary syndrome, PCOS)的潜在机制。方法 将30只6周龄SD雌性大鼠按随机数字表法分为对照组、模型组、粪菌移植组、中药组、中药联合粪菌移植组,每组各6只。采用来曲唑诱导PCOS大鼠模型,以对照组大鼠新鲜粪便、归术益坤方进行干预,观察大鼠动情周期。检测大鼠血清性激素[黄体生成素(Luteinizing hormone, LH)、促卵泡激素(Follicle-stimulating hormone, FSH)、睾酮(Testosterone, T)]、空腹胰岛素(Fasting insulin, FINS)、空腹血糖(Fasting plasmaglucose, FPG)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR);酶联免疫吸附测定(Enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay, ELISA)检测大鼠白细胞介素-18(Interleukin-18,IL-18)、瘤坏死因子-α(Tumor Necrosis Factor, TNF-α)水平;HE染色观察大鼠卵巢形态学变化;Western Blot检测卵巢组织Toll样受体4(TLR-4)、磷酸化NF-κB p65相对表达量。结果 与对照组比较,模型组大鼠出现动情周期紊乱、卵巢呈多囊样改变,T、LH、LH/FSH、体质量、FPG、FINS、HOMA-IR、IL-18、TNF-α水平均明显升高(P<0.01),卵巢组织TLR-4、磷酸化NF-κB p65表达量上升(P<0.05,P<0.01);与模型组比较,归术益坤方联合粪菌移植可显著改善上述指标(P<0.05);粪菌移植可降低T、LH、LH/FSH、体质量、FPG、HOMA-IR、TNF-α(P<0.05),下调卵巢组织TLR-4、磷酸化NF-κB p65表达(P<0.01),归术益坤方可降低T、LH、LH/FSH、体质量、FPG、FINS、HOMA-IR、IL-18、TNF-α(P<0.05),下调卵巢组织TLR-4、磷酸化NF-κB p65表达量(P<0.01)。结论 归术益坤方联合粪菌移植可明显改善PCOS大鼠生殖功能和代谢异常,潜在机制可能是改善肠道微生态,下调TLR-4/NF-κB信号通路,改善慢性炎症状态。

β-arrestin 2 attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury via inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathwaymediated inflammation in mice

AIM To study the role and the possible mechanism of β-arrestin 2 in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced liver injury in vivo and in vitro.METHODS Male β-arrestin 2^(+/+) and β-arrestin 2^(-/-)C57 BL/6 J mice were used for in vivo experiments, and the mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7 was used for in vitro experiments. The animal model was established via intraperitoneal injection of LPS or physiological sodium chloride solution. Blood samples and liver tissues were collected to analyze liver injury and levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Cultured cell extracts were collected to analyze the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and expression of key molecules involved in the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.RESULTS Compared with wild-type mice, the β-arrestin 2 knockout mice displayed more severe LPS-induced liver injury and significantly higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin(IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α, and IL-10. Compared with the control group, pro-inflammatory cytokines(including IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10) produced by RAW264.7 cells in the β-arrestin 2 si RNA group were significantly increased at 6 h after treatment with LPS. Further, key molecules involved in the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, including phosphoIκBα and phosho-p65, were upregulated.CONCLUSION β-arrestin 2 can protect liver tissue from LPS-induced injury via inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathwaymediated inflammation.

Anti-inflammation Effects of Sinomenine on Macrophages through Suppressing Activated TLR4/NF-kB Signaling Pathway

Sinomenine(SN)has been used in the clinical treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis for many years.Studies showed that SN held protective effects such as anti-inflammation,scavenging free radicals and suppressing immune response in many autoimmune diseases.The purpose of the present study is to explore the mechanism of anti-inflammation of SN on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced macrophages activation and investigate whether the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway participated in.Macrophages isolated from mouse peritoneal cavity were stimulated by 1 pg/mL LPS for 24 h.And then the cells were treated with various concentrations of SN,TLR4 inhibitor respectively for additional 48 h.Drug toxicity was detected by MTT assay and Transwell experiment was used to assess chemotaxis.Furthermore,TLR4 and MyD88 mRNA levels were detected by real-time PCR.Western blotting was used to examine TLR4,MyD88 and phosphorylated IκB protein expression in macrophages.Immunofluorescence assay was applied to observe p65 NF-κB protein expression in macrophage nucleus.We extracted macrophages with high purity and activity from the abdominal cavity of mice.SN remarkably inhibited the chemotaxis and secretion function of LPS-stimulated macrophages.It also down-regulated both the protein levels of inflammatory cytokines(TNF-α,IL-β and IL-6)and the RNA and protein levels of the key factors(TLR4,MyD88,p-IkB)in TLR4 pathway.The expression of p65 NF-κB protein in nuclei was down-regulated,which was correlated with a similar decrease in p-IκB protein level.In conclusion,SN can inhibit the LPS induced immune responses in macrophages by blocking the activated TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.These results may provide a therapeutic approach to regulate inflammatory responses.

Effect of dexmedetomidine on the prevention of PSH in patients with severe craniocerebral injury by regulating TLR4/My D88/NF-kappa B signaling pathway

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of dexmedetomidine in the regulation of TLR4/My D88/NF-κB in the prevention of paroxysmal sympathetic over-excitation (PSH) in patients with severe head injury. Methods:One hundred patients with severe head injury who were admitted to our hospital from September 2016 to May 2019 were enrolled. The randomized digital table method was divided into 50 cases in the study group and the control group. Patients in the study group were given dexmedetomidine at a dose of 1.0 μg/kg before anesthesia induction, followed by infusion at 0.4 μg / (kg·h), and the control group was injected with the same amount of normal saline. The incidence of PSH, clinical symptoms, imaging findings, mechanical ventilation time, tracheal intubation/incision duration, ICU hospitalization time, total length of hospital stay, and GCS scores three months after discharge were compared between the two groups. At the same time, the fluorescence intensity, TLR4, NF-κB expression level and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression levels in peripheral blood CD14+ monocytes of the two groups were detected. Results:The incidence of PSH was significantly lower in the study group than in the control group at 7 and 3 months (P<0.05). The total length of hospital stay, duration of ICU hospitalization, intraoperative tracheotomy, and mechanical ventilation time were significantly lower in the study group than in the control group. And the GCS score was higher than the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). In addition, the imaging results showed that there were some differences in the location of imaging lesions between the two groups. The proportion of lesions in the ventricular system and surrounding areas was higher in the control group than in the study group (P<0.05). And the T14-T3 CD14+ PBMC MyD88 fluorescence intensity, TLR4 and NK-κB positive expression rate were significantly higher than those of T0 (P<0.05), but the MyD88 fluorescence intensity, TLR4 and NK-κB positive expression rate in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group at T1~T3 (P<0.05). The levels of serum TNF-α in T1~T3 groups were significantly higher than those in T0 (P<0.05), but the levels of serum TNF-α in T1~T3 in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P< 0.05). Conclusions:Dexmedetomidine can reduce the oxidative stress response in patients with severe head injury by inhibiting TLR4/My D88/NF-κB signaling pathway, thus effectively reducing the risk of PSH and improving the prognosis of patients.

Inhibitory Effect of Bergenin on TLR-4/NF-κB Signal Pathway in Reducing Allergic Rhinitis in Mice

[Objectives]To explore the effect and possible mechanism of bergenin in relieving allergic rhinitis(AR)in mice.[Methods]50 C57/BL6 mice were randomly divided into blank group(n=10),model group(n=10)and high(100 mg/kg),medium(50 mg/kg)and low(25 mg/kg)dose bergenin groups with 10 mice in each group.Except for the blank group,the other mice were sensitized by basic ways combined with attack to replicate the AR model.From the 15th d of modeling(from the second d after the end of the basic modeling),the drug group was given bergenin orally for 15 d,and the blank group and model group were given the same volume of normal saline once a day.24 h after the last establishment of the model,the content of interleukin 4(IL-4),IL-6,TNF-αand IL-1βin nasal lavage fluid and serum of mice in each group was detected by ELISA.The expression of TLR-4,NF-κB and p-NF-κB in nasal mucosa of mice was detected by Western blot.[Results]Compared with the blank group,the content of inflammatory factors IL-4,IL-6,TNF-αand IL-1βin nasal lavage fluid and serum of model group was significantly increased,and the protein expression of TLR-4 and p-NF-κB was significantly increased.After the intervention of bergenin,the content of IL-4,IL-6,TNF-αand IL-1βin nasal lavage fluid and serum and TLR-4 and p-NF-κB protein in tissue was significantly inhibited in bergenin group.[Conclusions]Bergenin can effectively reduce allergic inflammation in AR model mice,and its mechanism may be related to inhibition of inflammation and down-regulation of TLR-4/NF-κB signal pathway.

Study on the Hepatoprotective Effect of Oxalis coriniculata L. and Related Mechanism by Regulating Oxidative Stress and TLR-2/NF-κB Signaling Pathway

[Objectives]This study aimed to explore the protective effect of Oxalis coriniculata L.on rats with acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride(CCl4)and related mechanism by regulating oxidative stress and the TLR-2 TLR-2/NF-κB signaling pathway.[Methods]A total of 48 female rats were randomly and evenly divided into normal group,model group,silymarin group(0.12 g/kg),and high(16 g/kg),middle(8 g/kg)and low-dose(4 g/kg)O.coriniculata L.groups.The rats in the groups were intragastrically administered with 5 mL/kg of corresponding drugs(equal-volume distilled water for normal group and control group),respectively.The administration was conducted twice a day,for 10 consecutive days.After 2 h of the last administration,the rats in all the groups except the normal group were intraperitoneally injected with 12%carbon tetrachloride(CCl4)olive oil solution(5 mL/kg),respectively to establish liver injury rat models.After 16 h,the eyeball blood of the rats was collected,and their liver tissues were collected for preparation of HE sections.The biochemical indicators detected included aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD)and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)activity and malondialdehyde(MDA)content in the serum.The contents of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and interleukin-6(IL-6)in the serum were detected by ELISA.The expression of Toll-like receptor-2(TLR-2)and nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)in liver tissue was detected using Western blotting.The pathological changes of liver were observed under light microscope.[Results]Compared with the normal group,the ALT,AST activity and MDA,IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-αlevels in rat serum significantly increased(P<0.01),the GSH-Px,T-SOD activity in rat serum significantly decreased(P<0.01),and the expression of TLR-2 and NF-κB in liver tissue was up-regulated(P<0.01)in the model group.Compared with the model group,the ALT,AST activity and MDA,IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-αlevels in rat serum reduced(P<0.05,P<0.01),the GSH-Px and T-SOD activity in rat serum increased(P<0.05,P<0.01),and the expression of TLR-2 and NF-κB in liver tissue was down-regulated(P<0.05,P<0.01)in the O.coriniculata L.administration groups.Pathological sections show that O.coriniculata L.had an improving effect on rats with acute liver injury induced by CCl4.[Conclusions]O.coriniculata L.has a good protective effect on rats with acute liver injury induced by CCl4.Its mechanism may be related to inhibition of oxidative stress,inhibition of inflammatory response and regulation of the TLR-2/NF-κB signaling pathway.

基于TLR-4/MyD88/NF-κB通路探讨针刺改善血管性痴呆大鼠认知功能的机制

目的研究针刺通过调控Toll样受体4(TLR-4)/髓样分化因子88(MyD88)/核因子κB(NF-κB)信号通路改善血管性痴呆大鼠认知功能的机制。方法将36只SPF级SD雄性大鼠采用随机数表法分成假手术组(A组)、模型组(B组)和针刺组(C组),每组12只。B组和C组采用改良两血管结扎法制备血管性痴呆模型,A组仅手术分离双侧颈总动脉、不结扎。C组采用针刺“百会”“肾俞”“丰隆”穴进行干预,每个疗程6天,共2个疗程;A组、B组正常喂养,不进行干预。每组大鼠进行Morris水迷宫实验,评估其学习记忆能力;ELISA测定大鼠血清IL-1β、TNF-α水平;Real-time PCR测定海马TLR-4、MyD88、NF-κB mRNA的表达;免疫组化测定大脑Iba1、NF-κB蛋白的阳性表达;Western blot测定海马IL-1β、TNF-α相对表达水平。结果与B组相比,C组大鼠逃避潜伏期缩短(P<0.01),穿越平台次数增多(P<0.05);血清中TNF-α、IL-1β浓度明显降低(P<0.01);海马中TLR-4、MyD88、NF-κB mRNA的表达量明显减少(P<0.01);大脑的Iba1、NF-κB蛋白的阳性表达明显减少(P<0.01);海马中的TNF-α、IL-1β相对表达量明显减少(P<0.01)。结论针刺“百会”“肾俞”“丰隆”穴可以改善血管性痴呆大鼠的认知功能障碍,其机制可能与通过抑制TLR-4/MyD88/NF-κB信号通路活性,从而抑制神经炎性反应有关。

miR-146a-5p affects inflammation response of trophoblast by inhibiting TRAF6/NF-кB signaling pathway

Objective:To investigate the association of Micro-rna(miR)-146a-5p expression with preeclampsia,and further explore the potential mechanism involved.Methods:Compared with the blank control group,the expressions of miR-146a-5p and TRAF6 were detected in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced JEG-3 cells.Chorionic carcinoma cell JEG-3 in vitro culture are divided into control,miR-146a-5p mimic+lipopolysaccharide(lps),miR-146a-5p mimic and miR-146a-5p inhibitor groups.qRT-PCR analysis were used to detect the mRNA of miR-146a-5p,IL-1β,IL-6,IL-8 and TNF-α.Western blot assays were carried out to determine the protein expression of TRAF6/NF-кB pathway related proteins.Results:1.miR-146a expression in miR-146a mimic group were significantly higher than the other three groups(P<0.05).2.Compared with the control group,the expression level of miR-146a-5p in JEG-3 cells induced by LPS was significantly increased,and the expression level of TRAF6 was significantly reduced(P<0.05).3.Compared with the control group,the mRNA expression levels of IL-1β,IL-6,IL-8,and TNF-αdecreased significantly after using miR-146a mimic(P<0.05).After adding miR-146a inhibitor,the mRNA expression levels of IL-1β,IL-6,IL-8,and TNF-αwere significantly increased(P<0.05).However,compared with the mimic+LPS group,the difference was not statistically significant(all P>0.05).The results of Western Blot showed that the expression of TRAF6 and NF-κB protein in JEG-3 cells decreased significantly after adding miR-146a mimic and increased after adding miR-146a inhibitor.Conclusion:MiR-146-5p can affect the inflammation response of Maternal-fetal interface by inhibiting TRAF6/NF-кB signaling pathway in preeclampsia.

Effects of Polysaccharides from Dicliptera chinensis(L.)Nees.on TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Cell Model of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver

[Objectives]To observe the effects of polysaccharides from Dicliptera chinensis(L.)Nees.on the expression of TLR/NF-κB pathway related proteins in HepG2 cells induced by oleic acid,and to explore the possible mechanism of polysaccharides from D.chinensis(L.)Nees.in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).[Methods]HepG2 cells were induced with oleic acid to establish a non-alcoholic fatty liver cell model.After intervention with 0.25 and 0.5 mg/mL of D.chinensis(L.)Nees.polysaccharides,the ALT and AST activity and TG and TC contents were detected with kits,and the changes in the expression of CDK5,TLR4,p-NF-κB and NF-κB were analyzed using Western-blotting.[Results]In the HepG2 cells induced with oleic acid,the ALT and AST activity increased significantly,the TG and TC contents increased significantly,and the expression levels of CDK5,TLR4 and p-NF-κB proteins up-regulated significantly.In the HepG2 cells intervened with D.chinensis(L.)Nees.polysaccharides,the activity of ALT and AST,the contents of TG and TC,and the expression levels of CDK5,TLR4 and p-NF-κB proteins all reduced significantly.[Conclusions]Polysaccharides from D.chinensis(L.)Nees.may interfere with NAFLD by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB pathway.

Mechanism of Sanshi decoction inhibits macrophage pyroptosis by inhibiting BRD4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway in the treatment of gouty arthritis

Objective:To observe the effect of Sanshi decoction on BRD4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathwaymediated macrophage pyroptosis,so as to elucidate the molecular mechanism of Sanshi decoction in the treatment of gouty arthritis.Methods:THP-1 was induced into macrophages with foboside and the divided into the control group,model group,low-dose,medium-dose,high-dose group of Sanshi decoction,and BRD4 inhibitor group.Except for the control group,the remaining groups were induced with monosodium urate crystals to construct a gouty arthritis cell model.The activity of macrophages was detected by CCK8,the level of macrophage pyroptosis was detected by flow cytometry,the activity of LDH,the content of IL-1β and IL-18 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,and the expression of related proteins in the BRD4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway was detected by Western blot.Results:Compared with the control group,macrophage activity was decreased in the model group,and the level of pyroptosis,LDH activity,contents of IL-1β and IL-18,expression levels of BRD4,p-NF-kB p65,NLRP3,Caspase-1 p20,and IL-1β protein were significantly up-regulated,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05 and P<0.01).Compared with the model group,macrophage activity was up-regulated in the Sanshi Decoction,and the level of pyroptosis,LDH activity,IL-1β and IL-18 contents,expression levels of BRD4,p-NF-kB p65,NLRP3,Caspase-1 p20,and IL-1β protein were significantly decreased with statistically significant differences(P<0.05 and P<0.01).Conclusion:Sanshi decoction inhibits macrophage pyroptosis by inhibiting BRD4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway activation,thus improving the inflammation level of gouty arthritis.

吴茱萸碱抑制HMGB1/TLR-4/NF-κB信号通路对类风湿关节炎大鼠的改善作用

目的 探讨吴茱萸碱(Evo)对类风湿关节炎(RA)大鼠滑膜增生和炎性反应的改善作用机制。方法 建立胶原诱导的RA模型大鼠,分为模型组、吴茱萸碱低、中、高剂量组(Evo-L、M、H组)、阳性对照组(美洛昔康组),另设健康大鼠为对照组。评估6组大鼠足跖肿胀度及关节炎指数;HE染色检测滑膜组织病理学变化;TUNEL染色观察滑膜细胞凋亡;微量法检测滑膜组织氧化应激指标(MDA、SOD、GSH Px)水平;ELISA法检测血清炎性因子水平;Western blot法检测滑膜组织高迁移率族蛋白B1(HMGB1)/Toll样受体4(TLR-4)/核因子-κB(NF-κB)信号通路蛋白表达。结果 与模型组比较,Evo-L、M、H组和美洛昔康组大鼠滑膜组织病理学变化不同程度好转,足跖肿胀度及关节炎指数、MDA、IL-6、CRP、TNF-α水平、HMGB1、TLR-4蛋白水平及p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65比值显著下降(P<0.05),滑膜细胞凋亡率、SOD、GSH Px水平显著上升(P<0.05)。结论 吴茱萸碱可能通过抑制HMGB1/TLR-4/NF-κB信号通路,改善RA大鼠的滑膜增生和炎性反应。

Low-temperature Plasma Promotes Fibroblast Proliferation in Wound Healing by ROS-activated NF-κB Signaling Pathway

Low-temperature plasma（LTP） has shown great promise in wound healing,although the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood.In the present study,an argon atmospheric pressure plasma jet was employed to treat L929 murine fibroblasts cultured in vitro and skin wounds in BALB/c mice.The in vitro analysis revealed that treatment of fibroblasts with LTP for 15 s resulted in a significant increase in cell proliferation,secretion of epidermal growth factor（EGF） and transforming growth factor-β1（TGF-β1）,production of intracellular reactive oxygen species（ROS）,and the percentage of cells in S phase,protein expression of phosphorylated p65（P-p65） and cyclin D1,but a noted decrease in the protein expression of inhibitor kappa B（IκB）.The in vivo experiments demonstrated that 30-s LTP treatment enhanced the number of fibroblasts and the ability of collagen synthesis,while 50-s treatment led to the opposite outcomes.These results suggested that LTP treatment promotes the fibroblast proliferation in wound healing by inducing the generation of ROS,upregulating the expression of P-p65,downregulating the expression of IκB,and activating the NF-κB signaling pathway and consequently altering cell cycle progression（increased DNA synthesis in S phage）.

基于TLR-4/NF-κB信号通路研究老鹳草素对四氯化碳致肝损伤小鼠的保肝作用

目的:研究老鹳草素对四氯化碳(CCl_4)致急性肝损伤小鼠的保护作用,并探索其作用机制。方法:将60只小鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、水飞蓟宾(180 mg/kg)阳性对照组及老鹳草素低(50 mg/kg)、中(100 mg/kg)、高(200 mg/kg)剂量组,连续灌胃给药10 d。末次给药2 h后,除正常对照组外,其余各组腹腔注射0.1%CCl_4花生油溶液(10 mL/kg)建立CCl_4致小鼠急性肝损伤模型。16 h后,收集血清和肝组织。生化法测定血清ALT、AST、ALP、TBIL、γ-GT、MDA、T-SOD、GSH-Px水平;ELISA法检测肝组织中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6含量;Western-blot检测肝组织中TLR-4、NF-κB蛋白表达;HE染色观察肝组织病理学变化。结果:与模型组比较,老鹳草素能显著降低肝损伤小鼠血清ALT、AST、ALP、TBIL、γ-GT、MDA水平,显著升高血清T-SOD、GSH-Px活性,显著降低肝组织中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6含量和TLR-4、NF-κB蛋白表达(P<0.05或P<0.01);HE染色结果显示其对肝组织损伤有明显的改善作用。结论:老鹳草素对CCl_4制备的急性肝损伤小鼠具有显著的保护作用,其作用机制可能与抗炎、抗氧化及调控TLR-4/NF-κB信号通路有关。

升降散对呼吸机相关性肺炎TLR-4/NF-κB表达的影响

目的:观察升降散对VAP患者CPIS评分、降钙素原、TNF-α、TLR-4、NF-κB、中医证候积分的影响及病原菌分布情况。方法:将60例VAP患者随机分为治疗组与对照组,对照组给予常规西药治疗;治疗组同时予升降散鼻饲治疗,疗程为7 d。检测治疗前后CPIS评分、降钙素原、TNF-α、TLR-4、NF-κB、中医证候积分变化,取肺泡灌洗液培养病原菌。结果:治疗第3天、第7天后两组CPIS评分、降钙素原、TNF-α、TLR-4、NF-κB、中医证候积分较治疗前显著变化(P<0.05),治疗组相对对照组数值差异明显(P<0.05);升降散能明显减轻VAP患者喘息、黄白黏痰、发热和伤阴证候,解除热毒内盛证。结论:升降散对呼吸机相关性肺炎毒热内盛证具有显著疗效,可能通过TLR-4/NF-κBTNF-α通路实现。