Structure and resistance of concentration polar layer on cation exchange membrane-solution interface

Membrane/solution interface consists of a neutral concentration polai layer(CPL) and a charge layer(CL) under external electrical field, and the neutral CPL can be neglected under high frequency AC electrical field. The relationship of CL thickness e with electrolyte concentration C and fixed ion exchange sites density σ in membrane surface layer can be expressed as e

Mechanical responses of the bio-nano interface: A molecular dynamics study of graphene-coated lipid membrane

Bio-nano interfaces between biological materials and functional nanodevices are of vital importance in relevant energy and information exchange processes, which thus demand an in-depth understanding. One of the critical issues from the application viewpoint is the stability of the bio-nano hybrid under mechanical perturbations. In this work we explore mechanical responses of the interface between lipid bilayer and graphene under hydrostatic coating provides remarkable resistance to the pressure or indentation loads, We find that graphene loads, and the intercalated water layer offers additional protection. These findings are discussed based on molecular dynamics simulation results that elucidate the molecular level mechanisms, which provide a basis for the rational design of bionanotechnology- enabled aoolications such as biomedical devices and nanotheraoeutics.

Correlation analysis between the interface membrane and loose hip prosthesis

Objective To analyze the cause of prosthesis loosening by observing the interface membranes harvested during the hip restoration operation. Methods A total of 28 specimens of interface membrane around the loose prosthesis were harvested from 28 patients undergoing the restoration of total hip replacement. All the specimens underwent the observation of appearance, light microscopy and scanning electronic microscopy(SEM). Results All the gaps around the loose prosthesis were filled with interface membrane of different thickness. The color of the most interface membrane was madder red, and the other one third of membrane was black. The comparatively thicker membrane was similar to scar connective tissue while the thinner was similar to fiber membrane. A large number of wear debris, macrophages and foreign-body giant cells were found under light microscope. With SEM observation a large number of different diameter collagen fibra structures that looked like scar tissues were arranged disorderly in a great mass, foreign particles and bone debris of different size were distributed unevenly, and the fibroblast was distributed in the collagen fiber. Conclusion Wear debris is related to inflammatory cell response around the interface membrane of the loose prosthesis. The wear debris engulfed by macrophage stimulates the interface membrane to release bone resorption factors (such as TNF) which lead to osteolysis, and this is one of the most important causes of the prosthesis loosening.

Water-selective hybrid membranes with improved interfacial compatibility from mussel-inspired dopamine-modified alginate and covalent organic frameworks

Hybrid membranes combining the merits of both polymer matrices and fillers have drawn extensive attention. The rational design of polymer–filler interface in hybrid membranes is vitally important for reducing the occurrence of void defects. Herein, imine-type covalent organic frameworks(COFs) were selected as the fillers due to their totally organic nature and multi-functionalities. Mussel-inspired dopamine-modified sodium alginate(Alg DA) was synthesized as the polymer matrix. The dopamine modification significantly improves the Alg DA–COF compatibility,which enhances the COF content up to 50 wt% in the hybrid membranes. The improved interfacial compatibility enhances the membrane separation selectivity. Accordingly, when utilized for dehydration of ethanol/water mixed solution(water concentration of 10 wt%), the hybrid membrane reveals high water concentration of ~98.7 wt% in permeate, and stable permeation flux larger than 1500 g·m-2·h-1. This work might afford useful insights for fabricating hybrid membranes with high separation selectivity by optimizing the polymer–filler interface.

Temperature-induced hydrophobicity transition of MXene membrane for directly preparing W/O emulsions

Although hydrophilic membranes are desired for reducing resistance to water permeation, hydrophilic surfaces are not used in the water-in-oil(W/O) membrane emulsification process because water spreads on the hydrophilic surface without forming droplets. Here, we report that a hydrophilic ceramic membrane can form a hydrophobic interface in diesel at a higher temperature;interestingly, the experiments show that the contact angle increases when the temperature rises. The hydrophilic membrane surface evolves into a hydrophobic interface, particularly near the boiling point of water, resulting in a water contact angle of 147.5° ± 1.2°. This work established a method for preparing W/O monodispersed emulsions by direct emulsification of hydrophilic ceramic membranes at a temperature close to the boiling point of water.Additionally, it made high flux of membrane emulsification of monodispersed W/O emulsions possible,which satisfied the industrial requirements of fluidized catalytic cracking in the petrochemical industry.

Water-induced electrode poisoning and the mitigation strategy for high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

Engineering failure of membrane electrode assembly caused by increasingly fuel poisoning in the high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells fed with humidified reformate gases is firstly demonstrated herein this work. Based on the results of the in-situ environmental scanning electron microscope, electrochemical analyses, and limiting current method, a water-induced phosphoric acid invasion model is constructed in the porous electrode to elucidate the failure causations of the hindered hydrogen mass transport and the enhanced carbon monoxide poisoning. To optimize the phosphoric acid distribution under the inevitably humidified circumstance, a facile and effective strategy of constructing acid-proofed electrode is proposed and demonstrates outstanding stability with highly humidified reformate gases as anode fuel. This work discusses a potential defect that was rarely studied previously under practical working circumstance for high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells, providing an alternative opinion of electrode design based on the fundamental aspects towards the engineering problems.

The difference of the ionomer–catalyst interfaces for poly(aryl piperidinium)hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cells and proton exchange membrane fuel cells

The microstructures of the ionomer–catalyst interfaces in the catalyst layers are important for the fuel cell performance because they determine the distribution of the active triple-phase boundaries.Here,we investigate the ionomer–catalyst interactions in hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cells(HEMFCs)using poly(aryl piperidinium)and compare them with proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs).It is found that different catalyst layer microstructures are between the two types of fuel cell.The ionomer/carbon(I/C)ratio does not have a remarkable impact on the HEMFC performance,while it has a strong impact on the PEMFC performance,indicating the weaker interaction between the HEMFC ionomer and catalyst.Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate that the HEMFC ionomer tends to distribute on the carbon support,unlike the PEMFC ionomer,which heavily covers the Pt nanoparticles.These results suggest that the poisoning effect of the ionomer on the catalyst is much weaker in HEMFCs,and the improved ionomer/catalyst interaction is beneficial for the HEMFC performances.

健骨二仙丸对人工关节周围界膜TNF-α表达的影响

目的探讨中药健骨二仙丸对体外培养假体周围界膜TNF-α表达的抑制作用,为健骨二仙丸防治假体周围骨溶解提供科学依据。方法将备用的人工关节周围界膜组织培养液加入实验用大鼠含中药健骨二仙丸生药含药血清中,分空白对照组,健骨二仙丸组、固邦组,各组又分别分10%、20%两个浓度亚组,共计6个组,每组8个培养孔,各组添加空白血清或含药血清后在5%CO_2、37℃饱和湿度下培养72h。取上清液,用ELISA法测定TNF-α的含量,上述界膜组织标本同时做细菌培养。结果48个培养孔中的组织培养均成功,全部进入结果分析。①TNF-α水平:10%与20%空白对照组比较差异无显著意义(P>0.05)。10%健骨二仙丸组与空白对照各组相比差异无显著意义(P>0.05);20%健骨二仙丸组低于空白对照各组(P<0.05)。10%与20%固邦组低于空白对照各组(P<0.05和P<0.01)。20%健骨二仙丸组与10%和20%固邦组比较,差异无显著意义(P>0.05)。②人工关节周围界膜组织细菌培养结果为阴性。结论健骨二仙丸能够抑制磨损颗粒诱导的假体周围界膜细胞因子的分泌,进而阻止假体周围破骨细胞性骨溶解,对假体无菌性松动可能具有较好的防治作用。

A Liquid-Liquid Interface Process for Fabricating TiO2 Nanofiber Membrane with High Photocatalytic Activity

A membrane consisting of TiO2 nanofibers was successfully fabricated through a simple solvothermal water/n-hexane interface reaction of tetra-n-butyl titanate with NaOH followed by post treatments of acid washing and calcination. Tetra-n-butyl titanate reacts with NaOH at the interface to form high-quality nanofibers with lateral dimensions below 200 nm and longitudinal dimensions of several tens of micrometers. The membrane is formed by the interpenetration and overlapping of the flexible nanofibers and distributed by holes with sizes ranging from several tens of nanometers to several hundreds of nanometers. Because of the porous structure, this nanofiber membrane exhibited a high efficiency in the photodecomposition of dyes in water.

聚酰亚胺复合膜的制备及其在沼气提纯中的应用

为解决沼气分离过程中单级膜过程产物CO_(2)纯度低及CH4的损失率较高等问题,通过界面聚合法制备了具有超高分离性能的具有聚酰亚胺分离层的复合膜,研究了操作温度、进料侧压力及切割比等因素对分离效果的影响。结果表明:该膜适用的温度及压力范围较广,不同操作条件下的膜均表现出了优异的分离性能,产出的CO_(2)纯度高,CH4的损失率低。低温、低压、低切割比有利于渗透侧高纯CO_(2)的输出;高温、高压、低切割比则有利于渗余侧CH4的回收。使用该膜模拟沼气分离,在切割比为0.1下操作,当进气压力为0.2 MPa、温度为25℃时,通过单级膜过程,渗透侧可得到99%的CO_(2),渗余侧CH4回收率可高达99%。在很宽的操作范围内,本文制备的复合膜在沼气中CO_(2)组分分离时,CH4损失率可控制在1%范围内,是理想的CO_(2)/CH4分离膜。

双极膜水解离性能改进研究进展

双极膜因其独特的水解离性能、易与其他电化学技术集成等优势,在碳捕获、节能减排和资源综合利用等领域具有重要的应用。现有双极膜存在水解离效率低、选择渗透性和稳定性差等问题,严重制约其广泛应用,因此近年来,大量研究工作致力于提升双极膜水解离性能。本文从离子交换层性能优化、中间层催化剂及几何结构调控三方面,梳理了国内外双极膜水解离性能改进及优化策略,重点评述了水解离催化剂、膜结构调控规律等方面的研究进展,并对该领域面临的主要挑战和未来发展方向进行展望,以期为高水解离性能双极膜的开发提供借鉴,从而促进其在能源转化和资源再利用等领域的应用。

氧化石墨烯界面调控纳滤膜制备及性能研究

为提高传统聚酰胺纳滤膜渗透性能和抗污染性能,文章以聚砜(PSF)超滤膜为基材,以哌嗪、均苯三甲酰氯为水相和有机相单体,引入氧化石墨烯(GO)作为亲水改性材料,通过界面聚合法制备氧化石墨烯复合纳滤膜(GO-PA-PSF膜),研究GO占比对膜表面形貌、化学结构及分离性能的影响。结果表明,当GO质量分数为0.01%时,GO-PA-PSF膜表面开始出现褶皱,膜表面粗糙度、亲水性和负电性增强,其渗透通量为50.47 L/(m^(2)·h),对Na_(2)SO_(4)的截留率为98.14%,在30 h脱盐试验中保持良好的稳定性,对3种模型污染物的抗污染性能有所提升。

Physical principles at bio-nano interfaces with active matter

Active matter is characterized by out-of-equilibrium behaviors,offering an attractive,alternative route for revolutionizing disease diagnostics and therapy.A better understanding of how active matter interacts with cell membranes is critical to elucidating the underlying physical mechanisms and broadening the potential biomedical applications.This review provides a conceptual framework on the physiochemical mechanisms underlying active matter-biomembrane interactions.We briefly introduce the physical models of active matter and lipid membranes,and summarize the typical phenomena emerging from various active matter,including artificial active particles,cellular cytoskeletons,bacteria,and membrane proteins.Moreover,the remaining challenges and future perspectives of such non-equilibrium systems in living organisms are discussed.The findings and fundamental principles discussed in this review shed light on the rational design of activity-mediated cellular interaction,and could trigger better strategies to design and develop novel functional systems and materials toward advantageous biomedical applications.

锂单离子导电聚合物电解质的制备及界面稳定性

以苯乙烯磺酰(三氟甲基磺酰)亚胺锂(Li STFSI)、聚乙二醇甲醚甲基丙烯酸酯(PEGM)和2,2,3,3-四氟丙基甲基丙烯酸酯(TFMA)[或甲基丙烯酸八氟戊酯(OFMA)、甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯(DFMA)]为单体,合成了3种锂单离子导电聚合物电解质,并将其制成了隔膜,组装了CR 2025扣式电池。采用FTIR、SEM、EIS和线性扫描伏安法对隔膜进行了表征,对CR 2025扣式电池进行恒电位间歇滴定法测试。结果表明,合成的电解质膜具有较高的离子电导率(90℃,2.0×10^(-5)S/cm)、较宽的电化学稳定窗口(4.5 V)和高的锂离子迁移数(≈1)。电解质膜拥有较高的锂离子扩散系数(60℃,≥3.7×10^(-9)cm^(2)/s)。经热处理后,电解质膜与锂金属的界面稳定性得到明显提升,这归因于含氟侧链基团在聚合物电解质表面的富集。

基于组合结构的双界面液体透镜的设计与分析

为了提高液体透镜的成像质量和变焦范围,应用介电泳和液压驱动,设计了一款基于组合结构的双界面液体透镜,其主要由介电泳双液体透镜和PDMS薄膜液体透镜组成。首先,在Comsol软件中建立液体透镜模型,研究不同电压下的液滴界面和PDMS薄膜的面型变化,并导出两个曲面的面型数据。其次,在Matlab软件中,采用非球面表达式进行拟合,得到不同电压下液滴的界面和薄膜的面型图及其相应的非球面系数。最后,在Zemax软件中,构建出相应的双界面组合液体透镜光学模型,像面选取为高斯像面,并通过相应器件的制备与初步实验研究,将仿真结果和实验数据进行比较分析。结果表明,所设计的基于组合结构的双界面液体透镜仿真和实验的变焦范围基本一致,同时实验获得的变焦比可达2.1254、成像分辨率最大可达101.5937 lp/mm。本文设计的基于组合结构的双界面液体透镜具有结构简单紧凑、界面可调控性强、成像分辨率高的优点。

基于沸石分子筛的CO_(2)分离膜研究进展

综述了基于沸石分子筛材料的CO_(2)分离膜的研究进展,主要介绍了由不同拓扑结构沸石分子筛制备的无机膜和以沸石分子筛作为填料的混合基质膜的CO_(2)/CH_(4)分离性能,探讨了两种膜目前的研究瓶颈和相应的改进方法。针对以上几点,提出未来的研究重点在于超薄无机膜的制备及缺陷修复、混合基质膜的结构调控及构效关系研究,进而推动基于沸石分子筛材料的CO_(2)分离膜向工业化迈进。

细胞伪足断裂的力学行为和微观机制分析

目的阐明细胞伪足断裂过程中发生的细胞骨架与质膜之间界面破坏的力学机制。方法使用共聚焦显微镜动态成像技术,捕捉伪足断裂过程中肌动纤维与细胞膜的变形行为。基于圆柱面界面破坏理论模型,研究伪足断裂过程中界面破坏的力学机制。基于分子动力学模拟方法模拟伪足断裂过程,并将模拟结果与理论预测结果比较。开发具有拉伸扭转耦合运动性质的肌动纤维有限元模型,模拟分析有无细胞膜包裹下肌动纤维在拉伸载荷下的扭转行为。结果理论分析表明,界面破坏的临界载荷与界面裂纹长度之间存在指数关系,临界载荷随着界面强度的增加而增加。纤维截面尺寸对临界载荷的影响与界面裂纹长度有关,在较短和较长尺寸的裂纹下表现出不同的影响。有限元分析表明,细胞膜约束了肌动纤维拉伸过程中的扭转运动。结论本研究揭示了细胞伪足断裂的力学过程和肌动蛋白纤维与细胞膜界面破坏的力学机制,为探究细胞外囊泡释放等与伪足断裂相关的细胞行为机制提供定量的理论支持。

含聚合物防水膜的隧道衬砌界面剪切-滑移力学特性试验研究

为研究隧道衬砌结构中密贴型防水层界面的力学特性,根据隧道喷膜防水衬砌结构的特点,采用粘结强度试验和压剪试验探讨聚合物防水膜复合试件的界面剪切-滑移力学行为和特性。通过粘结强度试验绘制3种类型防水膜的拉伸应力-位移曲线,通过压剪试验绘制界面剪切应力-位移曲线,基于试验结果曲线计算得到防水层的界面参数,包括剪切强度、残余剪切强度、剪切模量、剪切滑移能量和剪切失效位移,并讨论防水材料性能和法向压应力对这些参数的影响。结果表明,防水层界面的剪切-滑移特性主要受防水材料特性和法向压应力的影响,防水材料特性对界面剪切强度和剪切模量的影响较大,而残余剪切强度、剪切滑移能量和剪切失效位移则受到法向压应力的影响更多。

细菌纤维素/羟基磷灰石@聚醚砜骨膜支架的制备及其性能研究

骨膜作为骨缺损修复过程中营养物质的来源及膜内成骨过程中的核心位点,其结构和功能的重建对大尺度骨缺损的修复起到极其重要的作用。基于此,为了模拟天然骨膜的结构和功能,将聚醚砜(PES)和羟基磷灰石(HAp)混合,通过静电纺丝制备HAp@PES静电纺纤维膜(HPES),然后通过膜液界面培养法与细菌纤维素(BC)复合,获得了具有微米―纳米结构的BC/HAp@PES(BC/HPES)支架。扫描电镜结果表明,该支架微米―纳米纤维交错分布,且HAp成功复合在微米纤维上。所制备的支架具有良好的力学性能。进一步研究表明,成骨细胞在支架表面表现出良好的增殖和铺展能力,不仅如此,该支架还具有良好的成骨分化诱导能力。因此,这种具有仿生微纳纤维结构且负载HAp的骨膜支架有望用于大尺度骨缺损修复领域。

聚甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯纳滤膜的制备

为了提高聚甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯(PDM)纳滤膜的渗透分离性能,以聚醚砜(PES)超滤膜为基层膜材料,PDM水溶液为涂层材料,1,3,5-三溴甲基苯(TBB)环己烷溶液为交联剂材料进行界面聚合,制备了PDM/PES复合纳滤膜。考察了制膜工艺对膜渗透分离性能的影响,并用SEM、XPS对膜结构进行表征。结果表明在涂层液PDM质量分数为0.6%,涂层时间为30 s,交联剂溶液TBB浓度为40 mmol/L,交联时间30 s下制备的纳滤膜具有较好的渗透分离性能,对MgSO 4截留率可达91.17%,通量为31.63 L/(m^(2)·h)。