Netrin-1 and its receptors play crucial roles in inducing axonal growth and neuronal migration during neuronal development.Their profound impacts then extend into adulthood to encompass the maintenance of neuronal sur...Netrin-1 and its receptors play crucial roles in inducing axonal growth and neuronal migration during neuronal development.Their profound impacts then extend into adulthood to encompass the maintenance of neuronal survival and synaptic function.Increasing amounts of evidence highlight several key points:(1)Diminished Netrin-1 levels exacerbate pathological progression in animal models of Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease,and potentially,similar alterations occur in humans.(2)Genetic mutations of Netrin-1 receptors increase an individuals’susceptibility to neurodegenerative disorders.(3)Therapeutic approaches targeting Netrin-1 and its receptors offer the benefits of enhancing memory and motor function.(4)Netrin-1 and its receptors show genetic and epigenetic alterations in a variety of cancers.These findings provide compelling evidence that Netrin-1 and its receptors are crucial targets in neurodegenerative diseases.Through a comprehensive review of Netrin-1 signaling pathways,our objective is to uncover potential therapeutic avenues for neurodegenerative disorders.展开更多
Tongluojiunao （TLJN） is an herbal medicine consisting of two main components, geniposide and ginsenoside Rg1. TLJN has been shown to protect primary cultured hippocampal neurons. How-ever, its mechanism of action re...Tongluojiunao （TLJN） is an herbal medicine consisting of two main components, geniposide and ginsenoside Rg1. TLJN has been shown to protect primary cultured hippocampal neurons. How-ever, its mechanism of action remains unclear. In the present study, primary cultured hippocampal neurons treated with Aβ1-42 （10 μmol/L） signiifcantly increased the release of lactate dehydroge-nase, which was markedly reduced by TLJN （2 μL/mL）, speciifcally by the component geniposide （26 μmol/L）, but not ginsenoside Rg1 （2.5 μmol/L）. hTe estrogen receptor inhibitor, ICI182780 （1 μmol/L）, did not block TLJN-or geniposide-mediated decrease of lactate dehydrogenase under Aβ1-42-exposed conditions. However, the phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase or mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway inhibitor, LY294002 （50 μmol/L） or U0126 （10 μmol/L）, respectively blo cked the decrease of lactate dehydrogenase mediated by TLJN or geniposide. hTerefore, these results suggest that the non-classical estrogen pathway （i.e., phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase or mitogen-activated protein kinase） is involved in the neuroprotective effect of TLJN, speciifcally its component, geniposide, against Aβ1-42-mediated cell death in primary cultured hippocampal neurons.展开更多
目的:探讨开玄解毒方对于咪喹莫特诱导银屑病样小鼠模型的症状、体征改善及其对1-磷酸鞘氨醇(sphingosine-1-phosphate,S1P)水平的调节作用。方法:选用BALB/c小鼠25只,随机均分为正常组、模型组、甲氨蝶呤组、开玄解毒中剂量组和高剂量...目的:探讨开玄解毒方对于咪喹莫特诱导银屑病样小鼠模型的症状、体征改善及其对1-磷酸鞘氨醇(sphingosine-1-phosphate,S1P)水平的调节作用。方法:选用BALB/c小鼠25只,随机均分为正常组、模型组、甲氨蝶呤组、开玄解毒中剂量组和高剂量组,除正常组外,其余组采用外涂咪喹莫特法建立银屑病样皮损模型,连续干预7 d后取材。期间对皮损拍照并计算银屑病面积和严重程度指数(psoriasis area and severity index,PASI)评分;HE染色观察皮损病理改变及测量表皮厚度;对脾脏及胸腺拍照并称重;免疫组化法检测表皮Ki67、S1P表达;蛋白质印迹法检测皮损KRT17、Claudin、Occludin表达;qRT-PCR检测IL-17、IL-23、S1PRs mRNA表达水平。结果:与模型组比较,开玄解毒方可缓解咪喹莫特诱导的小鼠银屑病样皮损,降低PASI评分,减轻表皮增生程度(P均<0.01),改善胸腺、脾脏指数及血管增生情况(P<0.01或P<0.05),降低炎症因子IL-17、IL-23 mRNA表达(P<0.01),修复皮肤屏障(P<0.05)。同时,开玄解毒方可下调表皮中S1P及S1PRs mRNA表达(P<0.05)。结论:开玄解毒方能够减轻银屑病局部皮损症状,其药效机制可能与调节S1P水平有关。展开更多
The mitogen-activated protein kinase（MAPK） signaling pathway plays an important role in the regulation of cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, transformation and death. Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosp...The mitogen-activated protein kinase（MAPK） signaling pathway plays an important role in the regulation of cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, transformation and death. Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1（MKP1） has an inhibitory effect on the p38 MAPK and JNK pathways, but it is unknown whether it plays a role in Aβ-induced oxidative stress and neuronal inflammation. In this study, PC12 cells were infected with MKP1 sh RNA, MKP1 lentivirus or control lentivirus for 12 hours, and then treated with 0.1, 1, 10 or 100 μM amyloid beta 42（Aβ42）. The cell survival rate was measured using the cell counting kit-8 assay. MKP1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha（TNF-α） and interleukin-1β（IL-1β） m RNA expression levels were analyzed using quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction. MKP1 and phospho-c-Jun N-terminal kinase（JNK） expression levels were assessed using western blot assay. Reactive oxygen species（ROS） levels were detected using 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate. Mitochondrial membrane potential was measured using flow cytometry. Superoxide dismutase activity and malondialdehyde levels were evaluated using the colorimetric method. Lactate dehydrogenase activity was measured using a microplate reader. Caspase-3 expression levels were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Apoptosis was evaluated using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase d UTP nick end labeling method. MKP1 overexpression inhibited Aβ-induced JNK phosphorylation and the increase in ROS levels. It also suppressed the Aβ-induced increase in TNF-α and IL-1β levels as well as apoptosis in PC12 cells. In contrast, MKP1 knockdown by RNA interference aggravated Aβ-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and cell damage in PC12 cells. Furthermore, the JNK-specific inhibitor SP600125 abolished this effect of MKP1 knockdown on Aβ-induced neurotoxicity. Collectively, these results show that MKP1 mitigates Aβ-induced apoptosis, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation by inhibiting the JNK signaling pathway, thereby playing a neuroprotective role.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Youth Science Fund Project),No.81901292(to GC)the National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2021YFC2502100(to GC)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82071183(to ZZ).
文摘Netrin-1 and its receptors play crucial roles in inducing axonal growth and neuronal migration during neuronal development.Their profound impacts then extend into adulthood to encompass the maintenance of neuronal survival and synaptic function.Increasing amounts of evidence highlight several key points:(1)Diminished Netrin-1 levels exacerbate pathological progression in animal models of Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease,and potentially,similar alterations occur in humans.(2)Genetic mutations of Netrin-1 receptors increase an individuals’susceptibility to neurodegenerative disorders.(3)Therapeutic approaches targeting Netrin-1 and its receptors offer the benefits of enhancing memory and motor function.(4)Netrin-1 and its receptors show genetic and epigenetic alterations in a variety of cancers.These findings provide compelling evidence that Netrin-1 and its receptors are crucial targets in neurodegenerative diseases.Through a comprehensive review of Netrin-1 signaling pathways,our objective is to uncover potential therapeutic avenues for neurodegenerative disorders.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China No.81072901the New Teacher Fund for Doctor Station,Ministry of Education,No.20120013110013+1 种基金grants from the Nautical Traditional Chinese Medicine Discipline,No.522/0100604054grants from the Nautical Traditional Chinese Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center,No.522/0100604299
文摘Tongluojiunao （TLJN） is an herbal medicine consisting of two main components, geniposide and ginsenoside Rg1. TLJN has been shown to protect primary cultured hippocampal neurons. How-ever, its mechanism of action remains unclear. In the present study, primary cultured hippocampal neurons treated with Aβ1-42 （10 μmol/L） signiifcantly increased the release of lactate dehydroge-nase, which was markedly reduced by TLJN （2 μL/mL）, speciifcally by the component geniposide （26 μmol/L）, but not ginsenoside Rg1 （2.5 μmol/L）. hTe estrogen receptor inhibitor, ICI182780 （1 μmol/L）, did not block TLJN-or geniposide-mediated decrease of lactate dehydrogenase under Aβ1-42-exposed conditions. However, the phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase or mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway inhibitor, LY294002 （50 μmol/L） or U0126 （10 μmol/L）, respectively blo cked the decrease of lactate dehydrogenase mediated by TLJN or geniposide. hTerefore, these results suggest that the non-classical estrogen pathway （i.e., phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase or mitogen-activated protein kinase） is involved in the neuroprotective effect of TLJN, speciifcally its component, geniposide, against Aβ1-42-mediated cell death in primary cultured hippocampal neurons.
文摘目的:探讨开玄解毒方对于咪喹莫特诱导银屑病样小鼠模型的症状、体征改善及其对1-磷酸鞘氨醇(sphingosine-1-phosphate,S1P)水平的调节作用。方法:选用BALB/c小鼠25只,随机均分为正常组、模型组、甲氨蝶呤组、开玄解毒中剂量组和高剂量组,除正常组外,其余组采用外涂咪喹莫特法建立银屑病样皮损模型,连续干预7 d后取材。期间对皮损拍照并计算银屑病面积和严重程度指数(psoriasis area and severity index,PASI)评分;HE染色观察皮损病理改变及测量表皮厚度;对脾脏及胸腺拍照并称重;免疫组化法检测表皮Ki67、S1P表达;蛋白质印迹法检测皮损KRT17、Claudin、Occludin表达;qRT-PCR检测IL-17、IL-23、S1PRs mRNA表达水平。结果:与模型组比较,开玄解毒方可缓解咪喹莫特诱导的小鼠银屑病样皮损,降低PASI评分,减轻表皮增生程度(P均<0.01),改善胸腺、脾脏指数及血管增生情况(P<0.01或P<0.05),降低炎症因子IL-17、IL-23 mRNA表达(P<0.01),修复皮肤屏障(P<0.05)。同时,开玄解毒方可下调表皮中S1P及S1PRs mRNA表达(P<0.05)。结论:开玄解毒方能够减轻银屑病局部皮损症状,其药效机制可能与调节S1P水平有关。
文摘The mitogen-activated protein kinase（MAPK） signaling pathway plays an important role in the regulation of cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, transformation and death. Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1（MKP1） has an inhibitory effect on the p38 MAPK and JNK pathways, but it is unknown whether it plays a role in Aβ-induced oxidative stress and neuronal inflammation. In this study, PC12 cells were infected with MKP1 sh RNA, MKP1 lentivirus or control lentivirus for 12 hours, and then treated with 0.1, 1, 10 or 100 μM amyloid beta 42（Aβ42）. The cell survival rate was measured using the cell counting kit-8 assay. MKP1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha（TNF-α） and interleukin-1β（IL-1β） m RNA expression levels were analyzed using quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction. MKP1 and phospho-c-Jun N-terminal kinase（JNK） expression levels were assessed using western blot assay. Reactive oxygen species（ROS） levels were detected using 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate. Mitochondrial membrane potential was measured using flow cytometry. Superoxide dismutase activity and malondialdehyde levels were evaluated using the colorimetric method. Lactate dehydrogenase activity was measured using a microplate reader. Caspase-3 expression levels were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Apoptosis was evaluated using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase d UTP nick end labeling method. MKP1 overexpression inhibited Aβ-induced JNK phosphorylation and the increase in ROS levels. It also suppressed the Aβ-induced increase in TNF-α and IL-1β levels as well as apoptosis in PC12 cells. In contrast, MKP1 knockdown by RNA interference aggravated Aβ-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and cell damage in PC12 cells. Furthermore, the JNK-specific inhibitor SP600125 abolished this effect of MKP1 knockdown on Aβ-induced neurotoxicity. Collectively, these results show that MKP1 mitigates Aβ-induced apoptosis, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation by inhibiting the JNK signaling pathway, thereby playing a neuroprotective role.
