Rheological Behavior for Polymer Melts and Concentrated Solutions——Part Ⅶ: A Quantitative Verification for the Molecular Theory of Non-linear Viscoelasticity with Entanglement Constraints in Polymer Melts

Based on the molecular theory of non-linear viscoelasticity with constrained entanglements in polymer melts, the material functions in simple shear flow were formulated, the theoretical relations between. eta((gamma) over dot), psi (10)((gamma) over dot) and shear rate ((gamma) over dot), and topologically constrained dimension number n ' and a were derived. Linear viscoelastic parameters (eta (0) and G(N)(0)) and topologically constrained dimension number (n ' a and <(<upsilon>)over bar>) as a function of the primary molecular weight (M-n), molecular weight between entanglements (M-C) and the entanglement sites sequence distribution in polymer chain were determined. A new method for determination of viscoelastic parameters (eta (0), psi (10), G(N)(0) and J(e)(0)), topologically constrained dimension number (n ', a and v) and molecular weight (M-n, M-c and M-e) from the shear flow measurements was proposed. It was used to determine those parameters and structures of HDPE, making a good agreement between these values and those obtained by other methods. The agreement affords a quantitative verification for the molecular theory of nonlinear viscoelasticity with constrained entanglement in polymer melts.

Integrating Activity-Based Costing （ABC） and Theory of Constraint （TOC） for Improved and Sustained Cost Management

Implementing effective cost management approaches has recently gained momentum due to intense competition and increasing customer demands. Moreover, effective cost management approaches have contributed to firms＇ competitive advantage in relation to cost leadership strategy. Consequently, firms have implemented contemporary cost management systems, such as activity-based management, business process re-engineering, life-cycle costing, target costing, and theory of constraint （TOC）, to enable them to become low-cost producers and compete effectively and sustain their performance. Furthermore, focusing on cost management to improve profitability has led to the integration of activity-based costing （ABC） and TOC. Therefore, the aim of this study is to review literature and discuss how integration of ABC and TOC can result in improved and sustained cost management. While these methods have different approaches in addressing cost management, treating them as complementary cost management approaches can result in improved cost management due to improved product costing, improved cost reporting, improved product-mix decisions, and improved cycle-time management. Improvement in cost management will then result in sustained cost management. Sustained cost management is further enhanced with the investment in information customer and shareholder value technology that supports cross-functional decision making to continue creating to remain competitive in the market.

Theory of Flexural Shear, Bending and Torsion for a Thin-Walled Beam of Open Section

Aspects of the general Vlasov theory are examined separately as applied to a thin-walled channel section cantilever beam under free-end end loading. In particular, the flexural bending and shear that arise under transverse shear and axial torsional loading are each considered theoretically. These analyses involve the location of the shear centre at which transverse shear forces when applied do not produce torsion. This centre, when taken to be coincident with the centre of twist implies an equivalent reciprocal behaviour. That is, an axial torsion applied concentric with the shear centre will twist but not bend the beam. The respective bending and shear stress conversions are derived for each action applied to three aluminium alloy extruded channel sections mounted as cantilevers with a horizontal principal axis of symmetry. Bending and shear are considered more generally for other thin-walled sections when the transverse loading axes at the shear centre are not parallel to the section = s centroidal axes of principal second moments of area. The fixing at one end of the cantilever modifies the St Venant free angular twist and the free warping displacement. It is shown from the Wagner-Kappus torsion theory how the end constrained warping generates an axial stress distribution that varies with the length and across the cross-section for an axial torsion applied to the shear centre. It should be mentioned here for wider applications and validation of the Vlasov theory that attendant papers are to consider in detail bending and torsional loadings applied to other axes through each of the centroid and the web centre. Therein, both bending and twisting arise from transverse shear and axial torsion applied to each position being displaced from the shear centre. Here, the influence of the axis position upon the net axial and shear stress distributions is to be established. That is, the net axial stress from axial torsional loading is identified with the sum of axial stress due to bending and axial stress arising from constrained warping displacements at the fixing. The net shear stress distribution overlays the distributions from axial torsion and that from flexural shear under transverse loading. Both arise when transverse forces are displaced from the shear centre.

INTEGRAL THEORY FOR THE DYNAMICS OF NONLINEAR NONHOLONOMIC SYSTEM IN NONINERTIAL REFERENCE FRAMES

This paper establishes the integral theory for the dynamics of nonlinear nonholonomic system in noninertial reference frame. Firstly, based on the Routh equation of the relative motion of nonlinear nonholonomic system gives the first integral of the system. Secondly, by using cyclic integral or energy integral reduces the order of the equation and obtains generalized Routh equation and Whittaker equation respectively. Thirdly, derives canonical equation and variation equation and by using the first integral constructs integral invariant. And then, establishes the basic integral variants and the integral invariant of Poincare-Cartan type. Finally, we give a series of deductions.

NOETHER’S THEORY OF VACCO DYNAMICS

In this paper, we first study the latent relation between the conservative quantity and the symmetry of nonholonomic dynamical systems without any additional restrictive conditions to its virtual displacement, and then establish Noether's theorem and Noether's inverse theorem of Vacco dynamics. Lastly, we give two examples to illustrate the application of result of this paper.

Modeling and Adaptive Neural Network Control for a Soft Robotic Arm With Prescribed Motion Constraints

This paper presents a dynamic model and performance constraint control of a line-driven soft robotic arm.The dynamics model of the soft robotic arm is established by combining the screw theory and the Cosserat theory.The unmodeled dynamics of the system are considered,and an adaptive neural network controller is designed using the backstepping method and radial basis function neural network.The stability of the closed-loop system and the boundedness of the tracking error are verified using Lyapunov theory.The simulation results show that our approach is a good solution to the motion constraint problem of the line-driven soft robotic arm.

TOC理论和Witness仿真在汽车产业链整合价值的应用

以某汽车产业链整合企业作为研究对象,以约束理论(TOC)为基础,运用约束理论五步骤法对汽车产业链整合企业进行Witness仿真优化,明显提高了此汽车产业链整合企业的利润收入,达到增加企业价值的目标。

Over-Constraints and a Unified Mobility Method for General Spatial Mechanisms Part 2:Application of the Principle

The pre-research on mobility analysis presented a unified-mobility formula and a methodology based on reciprocal screw theory by HUANG, which focused on classical and modem parallel mechanisms. However its range of application needs to further extend to general multi-loop spatial mechanism. This kind of mechanism is not only more complex in structure but also with strong motion coupling among loops, making the mobility analysis even more complicated, and the relevant research has long been ignored. It is focused on how to apply the new principle for general spatial mechanism to those various multi-loop spatial mechanisms, and some new meaningful knowledge is further found. Several typical examples of the genera/multi-loop spatial mechanisms with motion couple even strong motion couple are considered. These spatial mechanisms include different closing way： over-constraint appearing in rigid closure, in movable closure, and in dynamic closure as well; these examples also include two different new methods to solve this kind of issue： the way to recognize over-constraints by analyzing relative movement between two connected links and by constructing a virtual loop to recognize over-constraints. In addition, over-constraint determination tabulation is brought to analyze the motion couple. The researches above are all based upon the screw theory. All these multi-loop spatial mechanisms with different kinds of structures can completely be solved by following the directions and examples, and the new mobility theory based on the screw theory is also proved to be valid. This study not only enriches and develops the theory and makes the theory more universal, but also has a special meaning for innovation in mechanical engineering.

Transition sets of bifurcations of dynamical systems with two statevariables with constraints

Bifurcation of periodic solutions widely exists in nonlinear dynamical systems. In this paper, categories of bifurcations of systems with two state variables with different types of constraints are discussed, where some new types of transition sets are added. Additionally, the bifurcation properties of two-dimensionM systems without constraints are compared with the ones with constraints. The results obtained in this paper can be used by engineers for the choice of the structural parameters of the systems.

Discussion on Rural Finanical Problems From the Perspective of Theory of Constaint

Inadequate rural financial services and low service efficiency lead to the situation that a large sum of money flows from rural areas to urban areas through commercial banks. The situation goes against the development of rural production and causes the extreme lack of rural capital, the difficuties in loaning and the prevalence of uaurious loan. In view of the problems exsited in rural financial system, the rural financial developmental trend, rural gross production, rural financial scale and rural financial efficiency from 1983 to 2008 are empirically analyzed by using the Pagano model in endogenous growth theory. The research assumes that, rural financial scale has positive relation with rural economic output, that is to say, the expansion of rural fiancial scale can facilitate the development of rural economy; the rural financial efficiency has negative relation with rural economic development. In Chinese rural areas, the economic development still relies on the expansion of rural fianance. However, at the same time of increasing the financial scale, the efficiency of rural finance is deceasing gradually. Thus, the support of rural finance on rural economic growth lies at the low level. Therefore, in view of the basic rerequisite of rural economic development, two solutions are adopted and Japanese and Kereaon experince are used. The measures are as follows. First, conducting organization innovation through promoting new village construction and gathering dispersed farmers to form rural cooperative organization to reduce trasaction cost. Second, transforming financial support from exogeneity to endogenity and marketizing rural finance so as to effectively solve the efficiency of rural finance.

Simulation Research of the TOC-Based Cost Accounting Impacting on Organizational Performance

After introducing a new management philosophy called Theory of Constraints (TOC), Dr Eli Goldratt applied it to the field of accounting, and formed a new set of measures for cost accounting. These measures are Throughput Contribution, Inventory and Operating Expenses. This paper applied the constraint-based cost accounting to three kinds of strategies decisions including contraction, cost and market, and uses the Gedunken experiment to do a contrastive research between the cost accounting based on TOC and the full-absorption cost accounting. The experiment proves that the cost accounting based on TOC outperforms the traditional cost accounting, and greatly improves organizational performance.

Corporate Social Responsibility and Green Innovation-The Mediating Effect of Financing Constraints

Green innovation has become a strategic direction for the country and enterprises,and it is an important facet in achieving high-quality economic development.Whether corporate social responsibility(CSR),as a key competitive strategy for achieving sustainable economic development,can promote corporate green innovation and the path of evolution has become a hot topic of current research.This paper takes Chinese manufacturing A share listed companies as its sample and uses Stata sofware to conduct regression analysis to test the relationship between CSR,financing constraints,and green innovation,respectively.It further distinguishes the sample into different technological properties and different regions to study the degree of differentiation of the mediating effect on financing constraints.The results show that CSR can not only directly promote corporate green innovation,but that it also can further positively influence corporate green innovation by alleviating financing constraints.Financing constraints play a mediating role in the relationship between CSR and green innovation,especially in enterprises with strong innovation demand and in regions with high levels of regional economic development.The findings enrich the research perspective on the relationship between CSR and green innovation and provide realistic data support for subsequent studies.

Supply Chain Management Analysis and Design for a Variety of Economic Scenarios, Including Data and System Administration

Due to the rapid progress of information technology, organizations anticipate significant changes in the planning, scheduling, and optimization aspects of operation and supply chain management (SCM) shortly. Two primary types of risk have an impact on supply chain management and design. The first group deals with the difficulties in matching supply and demand, whereas the second group deals with disruptions to regular business operations. The essay offers a theoretical framework that combines the cooperative efforts of risk assessment and mitigation, which are critical for effectively handling potential supply chain interruptions. This content provides insightful viewpoints on the strategic resources and operational structure needed to improve organizational success. We utilized the partial least squares (PLS) method to address the problem of multicollinearity and measurement mistakes in examining cause-and-effect constructs. The statistical method, Least Squares (PLS), used in structural equation modeling, is based on partial variance. The Partial Least Squares (PLS) strategy uses a two-stage estimate procedure to calculate weights, loadings, and route estimations. Initially, several simple and complex regressions were performed with the provided model. The procedure was repeated until a solution was found, resulting in a set of weights used to determine the latent variable scores. In the second step, non-iterative PLS regression yields loadings, path coefficients, mean scores, and location parameters. According to the structural study, implementing Sustainable Supply Chain Management (SSCM) can significantly improve a business’s operational and financial performance. The findings offer a comprehensive understanding of several elements of supply chain management (SSCM), including information systems, organizational configurations, supply chain network architecture (SCND), and supply chain strategy (SCS). The supply chain is essential for effectively moving goods over great distances and encouraging cooperation between parties. Therefore, these connections are established precisely, quickly, and cheaply via a knowledgeable and efficient supply chain. Two key components are necessary for a supply chain (SC) to be successful: efficient collaboration and the smooth integration of information-sharing platforms.

Ashtekar-Kodama Gravity as a Classical and Quantum Extension of Loop Quantum Gravity

This paper presents a new theory of gravity, called here Ashtekar-Kodama (AK) gravity, which is based on the Ashtekar-Kodama formulation of loop quantum gravity (LQG), yields in the limit the Einstein equations, and in the quantum regime a full renormalizable quantum gauge field theory. The three fundamental constraints (hamiltonian, gaussian and diffeomorphism) were formulated in 3-dimensional spatial form within LQG in Ashtekar formulation using the notion of the Kodama state with positive cosmological constant Λ. We introduce a 4-dimensional covariant version of the 3-dimensional (spatial) hamiltonian, gaussian and diffeomorphism constraints of LQG. We obtain 32 partial differential equations for the 16 variables Emn (E-tensor, inverse densitized tetrad of the metric) and 16 variables Amn (A-tensor, gravitational wave tensor). We impose the boundary condition: for large distance the E-generated metric g(E) becomes the GR-metric g (normally Schwarzschild-spacetime). The theory based on these Ashtekar-Kodama (AK) equations, and called in the following Ashtekar-Kodama (AK-) gravity has the following properties. • For Λ = 0 the AK equations become Einstein equations, A-tensor is trivial (constant), and the E-generated metric g(E) is identical with the GR-metric g. • When the AK-equations are developed into a Λ-power series, the Λ-term yields a gravitational wave equation, which has only at least quadrupole wave solutions and becomes in the limit of large distance r the (normal electromagnetic) wave equation. • AK-gravity, as opposed to GR, has no singularity at the horizon: the singularity in the metric becomes a (very high) peak. • AK-gravity has a limit scale of the gravitational quantum region 39 μm, which emerges as the limit scale in the objective wave collapse theory of Gherardi-Rimini-Weber. In the quantum region, the AK-gravity becomes a quantum gauge theory (AK quantum gravity) with the Lie group extended SU(2) = ε-tensor-group(four generators) as gauge group and a corresponding covariant derivative. • AK quantum gravity is fully renormalizable, we derive its Lagrangian, which is dimensionally renormalizable, the normalized one-graviton wave function, the graviton propagator, and demonstrate the calculation of cross-section from Feynman diagrams.

基于TOC理论对铸造工序的瓶颈探寻及改善

针对某精密铸造企业面临的市场需求变化和生产规模扩大的挑战,着重探讨了产品生产的瓶颈优化问题。基于约束理论(TOC),对该企业铸造工序进行了分析,建立了适用于该企业的生产能力核算方法,探寻其当前产品瓶颈现状;首先,运用全局设备效率(OEE)及瓶颈指标等定量分析方法测算企业生产流程的瓶颈工序;其次,根据各工序在制品库存积压数量和采用快速流动法等定性分析方法进行识别,确定了瓶颈工序为熔炼浇注工序,找出影响产能的具体问题;最后提出工序优化方法及改进具体措施,为企业提高生产效率、降低成本提供一定的参考。

TOC构造过程模型驱动产品创新设计

简要分析了产品冲突问题的约束理论(theory of constraints,TOC)思维流程,介绍了发明问题解决理论(theory of inventive problem solving,TRIZ)创新设计过程.描述了TOC中5个逻辑图表及其相互之间的关系.提出一种将TRIZ与TOC相结合的产品冲突问题解决过程构造模型的设计方法,利用所构造的产品当前实现树、逻辑图表和TRIZ的矛盾冲突解决矩阵来解决产品冲突问题.实例证明TRIZ与TOC相结合的方法用于驱动产品创新设计是切实可行的.

考虑外包能力拓展的TOC产品组合优化研究(Ⅰ)

针对外包两种不同形式(不带料外包和带料外包),建立了考虑外包的TOC产品组合优化的统一模型,并分析比较了自制和外包集成优化模型和各自独立优化模型的最优有效产出,得出了自制和外包各自独立优化结果不优于自制和外包集成优化结果的结论,也从另一方面证明了提前整体规划可消除传统TOC产品组合规划的保守和接单的损失。通过对瓶颈和非瓶颈的定义和归类,将混杂在约束中的第一类、第二类非瓶颈约束剔除,简化了TOC产品组合优化模型,降低了问题求解的复杂度,为产品组合优化的仿真奠定了基础。最后通过算例分析验证了模型的有效性和实用性。

TOC在项目风险管理中的应用

通过TOC在项目资源安排中成功应用的启示以及对项目风险管理传统模式的分析,将TOC理念引入到项目风险管理中,得出一个动态的循环的风险管理模式。

TOC会计

主要介绍TOC的基本原理、TOC会计以及产品组合。

基于TOC与TRIZ的产品概念设计方法及应用

为有效地完成产品设计,提出了一种基于约束理论与创造性解决问题的理论矛盾分析的产品设计方法。该方法首先采用约束理论的当前实现树,发现产品设计中的关键问题,运用矛盾解决图对技术性问题进行分析,以确定产品设计过程中的矛盾,并采用创造性解决问题的理论矛盾分析形成解决方案,以解决矛盾,实现设计目标。最后,用一个汽车气囊设计的应用实例验证了该方法的有效性。