Daily Total Column Ozone (TCO) measurements compiled from Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) and Ozone Monitoring Instruments (OMI) were used to analyze the global and hemispherical TCO interannual variations. Tw...Daily Total Column Ozone (TCO) measurements compiled from Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) and Ozone Monitoring Instruments (OMI) were used to analyze the global and hemispherical TCO interannual variations. Two periods of TCO measurements were analyzed separately covering full years. For the 1978-1994 period, the TCO showed a global decade decrease rate of 13.45 DU (about -4.3%). For the Northern Hemisphere(NH) the decade decrease rate was of 12.96 DU (-4.0%), while in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) was of 13.57 DU (-4.5%). These decreases in ozone trends, using the totality of TOMS and OMI satellite measurements, are greater than those reported in literature. The 1998-2014 period global TCO decade decrease rate was of 1.56 DU, corresponding 0.94 DU and 0.138 DU for the NH and SH, respectively. The global TCO variations must show a double annual periodicity, the first one with maxima in March due to the Northern Hemisphere (NH) and the second one during September due to the Southern Hemisphere (SH). However, the maxima due to SH TCO interannual variations have gradually vanished. A disturbance in the SH TCO interannual variations has appeared since 1980;graphically the periodicity brakes down and transforms to a double peak from 1985 and on. This effect can be attributed to the hemispheric impact of the ozone hole at the South Pole. Between October 1, 2004 and December 14, 2005 TOMS and OMI have recorded this disturbance unequivocally. We conclude that the disturbance in SH TCO has an irreversible character.展开更多
This paper uses Dobson spectrometer total ozone data,Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer(TOMS) data and radiosonde reports from Kunming,which is located in southwest China,from 1980 to 2008 to analyze the total ozone-cli...This paper uses Dobson spectrometer total ozone data,Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer(TOMS) data and radiosonde reports from Kunming,which is located in southwest China,from 1980 to 2008 to analyze the total ozone-climate relationship.The total ozone decadal long-term trend and abrupt change were studied using enhanced Dobson data whose missing data were amended by the TOMS data.Stepwise linear regression was used for the selection of the key factors that influence total ozone,including temperatures,geopotential heights,depressions of the dew point,wind velocities,and total solar radiation.The relationship between the selected factors and total ozone was analyzed using the methods of stepwise regression and partial least squares regression(PLSR).Results showed that although the PLSR method was slightly better and more reasonable to study the relationship than stepwise regression,while the two regression results were only slightly different.It was also suggested that local climate,especially local circulation and temperature,were important for the variations in total ozone,and the local climate could almost linearly explain 80% of the variance of total ozone.The relationship also indicated that the abrupt change of total ozone in the year 1994 may be related to abrupt local climate change.展开更多
汤姆布鞋(TOMS)在品牌创立之初,提出“One for One”的想法,即每销售一双鞋,就免费为贫困儿童捐赠一双新鞋。该项目基于贫困儿童的实际需求,为其提供爱心物资支持,为孩子点燃生活的希望。同时,“One for One”项目不断完善,拓展项目外延...汤姆布鞋(TOMS)在品牌创立之初,提出“One for One”的想法,即每销售一双鞋,就免费为贫困儿童捐赠一双新鞋。该项目基于贫困儿童的实际需求,为其提供爱心物资支持,为孩子点燃生活的希望。同时,“One for One”项目不断完善,拓展项目外延,已成为汤姆布鞋(TOMS)的品牌项目。本文从项目管理的专业理论入手,浅谈“One for One”项目的成功原因。展开更多
<正>'One for One~'(一比一匹配捐赠)是TOMS公司闪亮又温暖的招牌。2006年,美国一位才华横溢的设计师Blake Mycoskie前往阿根廷旅游,他发现当地儿童需要步行数英里寻找清洁水源或上学,却没有鞋子护脚,于是,他在阿根廷...<正>'One for One~'(一比一匹配捐赠)是TOMS公司闪亮又温暖的招牌。2006年,美国一位才华横溢的设计师Blake Mycoskie前往阿根廷旅游,他发现当地儿童需要步行数英里寻找清洁水源或上学,却没有鞋子护脚,于是,他在阿根廷当地传统布鞋中找到灵感,创立了TOMS,承诺每当顾客购买一双TOMS鞋子,将会送一双新鞋给需要的孩子。此后七年里,TOMS鞋以新潮、环保。展开更多
文摘Daily Total Column Ozone (TCO) measurements compiled from Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) and Ozone Monitoring Instruments (OMI) were used to analyze the global and hemispherical TCO interannual variations. Two periods of TCO measurements were analyzed separately covering full years. For the 1978-1994 period, the TCO showed a global decade decrease rate of 13.45 DU (about -4.3%). For the Northern Hemisphere(NH) the decade decrease rate was of 12.96 DU (-4.0%), while in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) was of 13.57 DU (-4.5%). These decreases in ozone trends, using the totality of TOMS and OMI satellite measurements, are greater than those reported in literature. The 1998-2014 period global TCO decade decrease rate was of 1.56 DU, corresponding 0.94 DU and 0.138 DU for the NH and SH, respectively. The global TCO variations must show a double annual periodicity, the first one with maxima in March due to the Northern Hemisphere (NH) and the second one during September due to the Southern Hemisphere (SH). However, the maxima due to SH TCO interannual variations have gradually vanished. A disturbance in the SH TCO interannual variations has appeared since 1980;graphically the periodicity brakes down and transforms to a double peak from 1985 and on. This effect can be attributed to the hemispheric impact of the ozone hole at the South Pole. Between October 1, 2004 and December 14, 2005 TOMS and OMI have recorded this disturbance unequivocally. We conclude that the disturbance in SH TCO has an irreversible character.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) under Grant 2009CB421406 the Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant KZCX-YW-Q1-02
文摘This paper uses Dobson spectrometer total ozone data,Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer(TOMS) data and radiosonde reports from Kunming,which is located in southwest China,from 1980 to 2008 to analyze the total ozone-climate relationship.The total ozone decadal long-term trend and abrupt change were studied using enhanced Dobson data whose missing data were amended by the TOMS data.Stepwise linear regression was used for the selection of the key factors that influence total ozone,including temperatures,geopotential heights,depressions of the dew point,wind velocities,and total solar radiation.The relationship between the selected factors and total ozone was analyzed using the methods of stepwise regression and partial least squares regression(PLSR).Results showed that although the PLSR method was slightly better and more reasonable to study the relationship than stepwise regression,while the two regression results were only slightly different.It was also suggested that local climate,especially local circulation and temperature,were important for the variations in total ozone,and the local climate could almost linearly explain 80% of the variance of total ozone.The relationship also indicated that the abrupt change of total ozone in the year 1994 may be related to abrupt local climate change.
文摘汤姆布鞋(TOMS)在品牌创立之初,提出“One for One”的想法,即每销售一双鞋,就免费为贫困儿童捐赠一双新鞋。该项目基于贫困儿童的实际需求,为其提供爱心物资支持,为孩子点燃生活的希望。同时,“One for One”项目不断完善,拓展项目外延,已成为汤姆布鞋(TOMS)的品牌项目。本文从项目管理的专业理论入手,浅谈“One for One”项目的成功原因。
基金supported by the CAS Knowledge Innovation Project(Grant No.KZCX3-SW-217)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.40375013 and 40333034).
文摘<正>'One for One~'(一比一匹配捐赠)是TOMS公司闪亮又温暖的招牌。2006年,美国一位才华横溢的设计师Blake Mycoskie前往阿根廷旅游,他发现当地儿童需要步行数英里寻找清洁水源或上学,却没有鞋子护脚,于是,他在阿根廷当地传统布鞋中找到灵感,创立了TOMS,承诺每当顾客购买一双TOMS鞋子,将会送一双新鞋给需要的孩子。此后七年里,TOMS鞋以新潮、环保。
