Effects of obesity on breast size,thoracic spine structure and function,upper torso musculoskeletal pain and physical activity in women

Purpose:This study investigated the effects of obesity on breast size,thoracic spine structure and function,upper torso musculoskeletal pain and physical activity participation in women living independently in the community.Methods:A total of 378 women were divided into 3 groups(Not Overweight:body mass index(BMI)=22.5±0.2 kg/m^2(mean±SE);Overweight:BMI=27.4±0.3 kg/m^2;Obese:BMI=35.4±0.3 kg/m^2).Outcome variables of breast volume(mL),thoracic flexion torque(N·m),thoracic kyphosis(degrees),upper torso musculoskeletal pain(score) and time spent in physical activity(min) were calculated and compared among the 3 groups,adjusting for between-group differences in age.Results:There was a significant main effect of BMI on all outcome variables.Participants classified as Obese displayed significantly larger breasts,had greater thoracic flexion torques and reported less time participating in physical activity relative to the participants who were classified as Not Overweight and Overweight.Participants in the Obese group also displayed significantly more thoracic kyphosis and reported significantly more upper torso musculoskeletal pain compared to their counterparts who were classified as Not Overweight.Conclusion:This study is the first to demonstrate that increased obesity levels were associated with compromised kyphosis and loading of the thoracic spine,as well as increased symptoms of upper torso musculoskeletal pain and reduced time spent in physical activity in women living in the community.We recommend further research to determine whether evidence-based interventions designed to reduce the flexion torque generated on the thoracic spine can improve these symptoms of upper torso musculoskeletal pain and the ability of women with obesity to participate in physical activity.

The forward and inverse problem of cardiac magnetic fields based on concentric ellipsoid torso-heart model

This paper constructs a concentric ellipsoid torso-heart model by boundary element method and investigates the impacts of model structures on the cardiac magnetic fields generated by both equivalent primary source--a current dipole and volume currents. Then by using the simulated magnetic fields based on torso-heart model as input, the cardiac current sources--an array of current dipoles by optimal constrained linear inverse method are constructed. Next, the current dipole array reconstruction considering boundaries is compared with that in an unbounded homogeneous medium. Furthermore, the influence of random noise on reconstruction is also considered and the reconstructing effect is judged by several reconstructing parameters.

GE Signa 1.5T核磁共振TORSO线圈断线故障的修复探索

总结了GESignaMR/i磁共振成像系统TORSO线圈断线故障的修复方法。同时 ,从修复材料到方法进行了阐述 ,并给出了重要的注意事项。

Impact of prehospital medical evacuation (MEDEVAC) transport time on combat mortality in patients with noncompressible torso injury and traumatic amputations: a retrospective study

Background: In combat operations, patients with traumatic injuries require expeditious evacuation to improve survival. Studies have shown that long transport times are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Limited data exist on the influence of transport time on patient outcomes with specific injury types. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of the duration of time from the initial request for medical evacuation to arrival at a medical treatment facility on morbidity and mortality in casualties with traumatic extremity amputation and noncompressible torso injury(NCTI).Methods: We completed a retrospective review of MEDEVAC patient care records for United States military personnel who sustained traumatic amputations and NCTI during Operation Enduring Freedom between January 2011 and March 2014. We grouped patients as traumatic amputation and NCTI(AMP+NCTI), traumatic amputation only(AMP),and neither AMP nor NCTI(Non-AMP/NCTI). Analysis was performed using chi-squared tests, Fisher's exact tests,Cochran-Armitage Trend tests, Shapiro-Wilks tests, Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis techniques and Cox proportional hazards regression modeling.Results: We reviewed 1267 records, of which 669 had an injury severity score(ISS) of 10 or greater and were included in the analysis. In the study population, 15.5% sustained only amputation injuries(n=104, AMP only), 10.8% sustained amputation and NCTI(n=72, AMP+NCTI), and 73.7% did not sustain either an amputation or an NCTI(n=493,Non-AMP/NCTI). AMP+NCTI had the highest mortality(16.7%) with transport time greater than 60 min. While the AMP+NCTI group had decreasing survival with longer transport times, AMP and Non-AMP/NCTI did not exhibit the same trend.Conclusions: A decreased transport time from the point of injury to a medical treatment facility was associated with decreased mortality in patients who suffered a combination of amputation injury and NCTI. No significant association between transport time and outcomes was found in patients who did not sustain NCTI. Priority for rapid evacuation of combat casualties should be given to those with NCTI.

日本女装Torso原型与文化式第八代原型的对比分析

对比分析日本Torso原型与文化式第八代原型的异同。Torso原型衣长达到臀围,文化式原型只到腰围,二者均为紧身原型,如要实现成衣化生产需要,则Torso原型更有优势。在制图过程中,Torso原型以重心线作为参考线,照顾到了衣身平衡。二者计算均较复杂,但Torso原型比例法与短寸法结合,既可以通过公式计算满足成衣化生产需要又能针对个人进行精确测量定制,实际操作更加便捷。

带仿生躯干的被动行走机器人步态特性

为改善被动行走机器人的步态特性,受人体躯干同时具有刚性骨骼和柔性软组织启发,提出一种带刚柔仿生躯干的被动行走机器人模型,并研究其非线性动力学特性.将仿生躯干柔性部分等效为带质量的弹簧阻尼器,建立仿生躯干被动行走机器人的动力学模型.分别分析仿生躯干的等效弹性系数、等效阻尼系数、等效质量对被动行走机器人的行走步长和步行速度的影响规律,并与刚性躯干模型的结果进行对比.研究结果表明:相比于刚体躯干,仿生躯干使得被动行走具有更加丰富的步态行为;仿生躯干柔性不仅影响被动行走的行走步长及行走速度,还影响被动行走的稳定性;适当的躯干柔性可以在维持稳定周期步态的同时,提高被动行走机器人的行走步长及步行速度;与刚性躯干相比,带仿生躯干的被动行走步长能提高12%,行走速度能提高2%.

Effi cacy of partial and complete resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta in the hemorrhagic shock model of liver injury

BACKGROUND:Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta(REBOA)can temporarily control traumatic bleeding.However,its prolonged use potentially leads to ischemia-reperfusion injury(IRI).Partial REBOA(pREBOA)can alleviate ischemic burden;however,its security and eff ectiveness prior to operative hemorrhage control remains unknown.Hence,we aimed to estimate the effi cacy of pREBOA in a swine model of liver injury using an experimental sliding-chamber ballistic gun.METHODS:Twenty Landrace pigs were randomized into control(no aortic occlusion)(n=5),intervention with complete REBOA(cREBOA)(n=5),continuous pREBOA(C-pREBOA)(n=5),and sequential pREBOA(S-pREBOA)(n=5)groups.In the cREBOA and C-pREBOA groups,the balloon was inflated for 60 min.The hemodynamic and laboratory values were compared at various observation time points.Tissue samples immediately after animal euthanasia from the myocardium,liver,kidneys,and duodenum were collected for histological assessment using hematoxylin and eosin staining.RESULTS:Compared with the control group,the survival rate of the REBOA groups was prominently improved(all P<0.05).The total volume of blood loss was markedly lower in the cREBOA group(493.14±127.31 mL)compared with other groups(P<0.01).The pH was significantly lower at 180 min in the cREBOA and S-pREBOA groups(P<0.05).At 120 min,the S-pREBOA group showed higher alanine aminotransferase(P<0.05)but lower blood urea nitrogen compared with the cREBOA group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:In this trauma model with liver injury,a 60-minute pREBOA resulted in improved survival rate and was effective in maintaining reliable aortic pressure,despite persistent hemorrhage.Extended tolerance time for aortic occlusion in Zone I for non-compressible torso hemorrhage was feasible with both continuous partial and sequential partial measures,and the significant improvement in the severity of acidosis and distal organ injury was observed in the sequential pREBOA.

步枪弹侵彻背部穿硬防护人体靶标钝击效应研究

针对枪弹侵彻穿防弹衣人体背部产生脊柱脊髓钝性损伤,建立了DBP10式5.8 mm步枪弹侵彻NIJⅢ级SiC/UHMWPE防弹插板的数值模型,采用JHB本构和基于Abaqus二次开发的VUMAT本构分别模拟SiC陶瓷和UHMWPE层合板;开展了5.8 mm步枪弹侵彻NIJⅢ级SiC/UHMWPE防弹插板的数值模拟,通过基于高速摄影的弹道实验结果对比验证了数值模型的准确性;基于枪弹侵彻防弹插板的数值模拟结果,开展了5.8 mm步枪弹以910 m/s入靶速度侵彻背部穿硬防护人体躯干靶标的数值模拟,明确了步枪弹击中防弹衣后压力波在肌肉-脊柱内的传导规律,还原了枪弹侵彻过程中人体典型器官(心、肝、肺、胃等)的应力波传递过程。结果表明:人体背部在枪弹钝击作用下会在脊椎椎骨上产生瞬时高应力,可能导致椎骨骨折、椎间盘突出和脊柱不稳定;致伤点T10椎体后方脊髓最大应力为1.04 MPa,可能导致脊髓改变;对脊髓上应力与加速度线性回归分析表明,压力与加速度呈正相关。

上躯干皮肤温度冷热变化与热量调节区划分

针对制冷与加热一体式服装中冷热调节区域设计问题,以皮肤温度为依据,探究人体受冷热环境影响上躯干各部位的冷热需求程度。分别测量冷与热2种环境下,青年男子在静坐、站立、步行、快走4种运动状态中上躯干不同区域的皮肤温度,分析各部位皮肤温度变化来判断人体局部区域的冷热情况,对皮肤温度变化值采用聚类分析来进行冷热调节区域的划分。结果表明:在冷环境下,人体上躯干皮肤温度在任一状态下侧胸、后肩温度均较低,且在静坐、站立阶段中明显低于人体平均皮肤温度;热环境下,任一状态下前肩、后肩温度均较高,前肩、后肩、中背明显高于人体平均皮肤温度,故侧胸、前肩及后肩等部位的冷热需求是功能服装设计的重点。

帕金森病躯干前屈症发病机制及治疗

姿势障碍是帕金森病的常见致残性运动症状,其中躯干前屈症是最常见的姿势障碍,可加重帕金森病运动障碍,严重降低患者日常生活活动能力和生活质量。本文综述帕金森病躯干前屈症的发病机制及治疗进展,为深入探究其发病机制提供理论依据并辅助临床诊断与治疗。

大劣按蚊Torso⁃like基因鉴定分子结构及表达特征

目的鉴定大劣按蚊Torso⁃like(tsl)基因及表达特征,为深入研究tsl基因功能提供理论基础。方法根据黑腹果蝇和冈比亚按蚊tsl基因,检索大劣按蚊全基因组并鉴别大劣按蚊tsl基因,设计特异性引物,并采用PCR和逆转录PCR技术扩增目的基因。利用生物信息学软件分析tsl基因编码TSL蛋白的理化性质、信号肽、跨膜结构、蛋白质二级结构和三级结构,并进行系统发育进化分析。利用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测该基因在大劣按蚊各组织中的表达水平。结果大劣按蚊tsl基因全长16751 bp,CDS区长1134 bp,编码377个氨基酸。TSL蛋白属于亲水性稳定蛋白。经生物信息学预测,TSL蛋白为位于膜外的分泌蛋白,且包含信号肽;其二级结构含α⁃螺旋(51.72%)、延伸链(12.20%)、β⁃折叠(4.78%)和无规则卷曲(31.30%),且能以5cj9.1.A为模板进行3D同源建模。系统发育进化分析发现大劣按蚊TSL蛋白与法老按蚊TSL蛋白亲缘关系较近。实时荧光定量PCR检测显示,tsl基因在大劣按蚊头、胸、腹、足均有表达,且在头部表达量最高、足部表达量较低。结论本研究从基因组水平鉴定了大劣按蚊tsl基因,分析了其蛋白结构及组织特异性表达特征,为进一步深入研究该基因功能奠定了基础。

Management of non-compressible torso hemorrhage:An update

With the widespread adoption of advanced tourniquets,the mortality rate of limb wound hemorrhage has decreased significantly,and non-compressible torso hemorrhage has gradually occupied the leading position of potentially preventable death,both in military and civilian circumstances.With the emergence of novel hemostatic devices and materials,strategies for the management of non-compressible torso hemorrhage have changed significantly.This review summarizes the current treatment strategies and types of equipment for non-compressible torso hemorrhage and suggests future research directions,hoping to provide a comprehensive review for the medical personnel and researchers engaging in this field.

The receptor tyrosine kinase torso regulates ecdysone homeostasis to control developmental tinning in Bombyx mori

Insect growth and development are precisely controlled by hormone homeostasis.The prothoracicotropic hormone(PTTH)receptor,Torso,is a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase family in insects.Activation of Torso by PTTH triggers biosynthesis and release of the steroid hormone in the prothoracic gland(PG).Although numbers of genes functioning in steroid hormone synthesis and metabolism have been identified in insects,the PTTH transduction pathway via its receptor Torso is poorly understood.In the current study,we describe a loss-of-function analysis of Torso in the silkworm,Bombyx mori,by targeted gene disruption using the transgenic CRISPR/Cas9(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/RNA-guided Cas9 nucleases)system.Depletion of B.mori Torso(BmTorso)did not eventually affect larval ecdysis and metamorphosis processes.Instead,BmTorso deficiency resulted in significant extension of developing time during larval and pupal stages with increased pupa and cocoon sizes.The eedysteriod titers in the hemolymph of BmTorso mutants sharpy declined.Transcriptional levels of genes involved in ecdysone biosynthesis and eedysteroid signaling pathways were significantly reduced in BniTorso-defic'iQnt animals.Additionally,RNA-Seq analysis revealed that genes involved in the longevity pathway and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum pathway were affected after BmTorso deletion.These results indicate that Torso is critical for maintaining steroid hormone homeostasis in insects.

基于无监督学习的动作捕捉躯干弯曲度估计方法

人体姿态估计是行为识别的研究热点,基于深度学习的人体运动捕捉技术是人体姿态估计的重要方法。然而,基于骨骼模型的研究,通常使用二维的人体姿态估计,在人体中间部位缺少胸部、骨盆、脊柱等关键点,大部分方法只包含人体中间部分有限的关键点。由于人体整体结构的复杂性,跟踪方法只估计人体表面,估计躯干内部的弯曲度较困难。通过在基于骨架的模型中添加新的关键点来优化现有的深度学习模型,并提出一种基于无标记动作骨架的曲线弯曲算法来估计躯干的弯曲度。借助惯性测量智能套装,用惯性测量法对该方法进行验证,该方法能够较好地估计出人体躯干弯曲度。实验表明,无标记的躯干弯曲估计模型,为进一步提高人体估计姿态的躯干弯曲精度提供新的研究思路。

LARM PKM solutions for torso design in humanoid robots

似人类的躯干特征在类人动物机器人是必要的。在这份报纸，为机器的躯干的解决方案的设计和操作的问题被指在一种纸牌戏在机器人学和 Mechatronics (LARM ) 的实验室被开发了的经验和图案讨论，意大利。一个新解决方案作为为走和用躯干支撑了的手臂操作做性能的一个合适的分区的腰箱子结构与概念的看法被介绍。

An experimental characterization of human torso motion

躯干在类人动物的似人类的操作起一个重要作用。在这份报纸，一个方法被建议由使用惯性、磁性的察觉到的工具分析人的躯干的行为。实验被进行在日常生活操作期间描绘人的躯干的运动表演。而且，在这些操作期间对人的身体起作用的力量被评估设计并且验证一个类人动物机器人的表演。

变长度柔性双足机器人行走控制及稳定性分析

针对传统双足机器人模型缺少脚质量和躯干的问题,提出考虑摆动腿动态及躯干影响的柔性双足机器人模型,并对其行走控制及稳定性进行研究。首先,建立系统的动力学模型并采用欧拉-拉格朗日法推导了系统的动力学方程;同时,在弹簧负载倒立摆(SLIP)模型的基础上添加刚性躯干、脚质量及采用变长度伸缩腿,充分考虑躯干及摆动腿动力学对机器人行走步态的影响;其次,设计基于变长度腿的反馈线性化控制器来跟踪目标轨迹,以及调节摆动腿和躯干的姿态;最后,利用Newton-Raphson迭代法和庞加莱映射分析机器人的不动点及轨道稳定性条件,并在理论分析的基础上进行仿真。仿真结果表明,所提控制器可以实现机器人的周期行走,对外界干扰具有良好的鲁棒性,且雅可比矩阵所有特征值的模均小于1,能形成稳定的极限环,证明系统是轨道稳定的。

代谢综合征患者脏腑红外热成像特征研究

目的:应用红外热成像(IRTI)技术探究代谢综合征(MS)患者脏腑功能反射区红外热成像特征。方法:研究对象为2021年8月至2022年4月在中国中医科学院广安门医院南区内分泌门诊及病房就诊的MS患者和健康受试者,经严格筛查,符合纳入排除标准且实验室指标完整者共120例,其中MS组96例,健康对照组24名。分析受试者躯干部位感兴趣区域(ROI)体表平均温度。结果:MS组患者红外热图呈现明显凉偏离,且分布不均匀、不连续、不对称;与健康对照组比较,MS组青年患者胃脘、大腹、任脉、右腰、左腰及督脉等ROI体表平均温度降低(P<0.01或P<0.05),MS组中年患者ROI体表平均温度降低(P<0.01或P<0.05);不同年龄受试者ROI体表平均温度呈现随代谢异常指标增多而降低的趋势,大腹、右腰明显凉偏离;MS组11例患者ROI体表平均温度与代谢指标腰围负相关(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论:腰围是MS重要特异指标;MS患者躯干部位脏腑功能反射区红外热图存在凉偏离的特征性表现,尤其在大腹及右腰,提示脾肾阳气不足,脏腑功能低下,代谢障碍是MS红外特征形成的重要原因。

久坐行为与坐姿舒适性评价

为了对久坐期间的坐姿变化进行研究,确定其与坐姿不舒适的关系,探究不同高度座椅是否影响坐姿变化。18名长期从事办公工作的志愿者参与实验,座椅采用新疆吉瑞祥科技股份有限公司生产的人机工程学座椅,在2 h的久坐工作中,分别按照36~40 cm、40~44 cm、44~48 cm三个不同座椅高度范围进行分组实验测试,具体的高度取决于受试者。使用Tekscan人体压力分布测量系统来量化椅面压力和躯干摆动参数,设计并记录了主观坐姿不舒适评分表。结果表明人体躯干摆动参数随时间呈上升趋势,不同组之间存在统计学差异,座椅高度为40~44 cm时坐姿不适评分较低。可见坐姿变化与坐姿不舒适具有一致性,座椅高度为40~44 cm时有利于减少坐姿不舒适,保持坐姿45 min后,就应该起身运动或休息。

不稳定表面躯干训练对不完全性脊髓损伤患者下肢运动功能的影响

目的:分析不稳定表面躯干训练对不完全性脊髓损伤患者下肢运动功能的影响。方法:选取宁波市鄞州区第二医院2020年4月至2021年12月胸腰段骨折所致不完全性脊髓损伤患者80例,随机分为对照组和观察组,各40例。除常规训练外,对照组进行稳定表面躯干训练,观察组进行不稳定表面躯干训练。比较两组的步态、下肢肌力、平衡功能、下肢功能、活动能力及神经功能。结果:两组跨步长、步频、舒适步速较治疗前均明显增加(均P<0.05),且观察组优于对照组(均P<0.05);股四头肌、臀大肌、腘绳肌、胫前肌、腓肠肌肌力水平较治疗前均明显升高(均P<0.05),且观察组高于对照组(均P<0.05);静态睁眼重心移动总轨迹长、静态闭眼重心移动总轨迹长较治疗前均明显缩短(均P<0.05),且观察组短于对照组(均P<0.05);动态稳定极限范围及美国脊髓损伤学会(ASIA)下肢运动评分、Berg平衡量表、改良Barthel指数量表评分较治疗前均明显升高(均P<0.05),且观察组高于对照组(均P<0.05);ASIA分级较治疗前明显改善(均P<0.05),且观察组改善情况优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:不稳定表面躯干训练可有效改善不完全性脊髓损伤患者的步态及下肢肌力,提高患者的下肢运动功能。