Fibria近日宣布,将在其位于南马托格罗索州（Mato Grosso do Sul）的Tres Lagoas基地投建1个新的苗圃。该苗圃将引进荷兰最新一代技术,整个桉木树苗培育流程将采用全自动化控制,这在行业内是前所未有的。据介绍,Fibria将成为第一家采用...Fibria近日宣布,将在其位于南马托格罗索州（Mato Grosso do Sul）的Tres Lagoas基地投建1个新的苗圃。该苗圃将引进荷兰最新一代技术,整个桉木树苗培育流程将采用全自动化控制,这在行业内是前所未有的。据介绍,Fibria将成为第一家采用机器人种植桉木树苗的制浆企业。树苗种植是整个工艺流程的第一步,以往这一步需要依靠人工完成。展开更多
Background:The Mesoamerican dominion is a biogeographic area of great interest due to its complex topography and distinctive climatic history.This area has a large diversity of habitats,including tropical deciduous fo...Background:The Mesoamerican dominion is a biogeographic area of great interest due to its complex topography and distinctive climatic history.This area has a large diversity of habitats,including tropical deciduous forests,which house a large number of endemic species.Here,we assess phylogeographic pattern,genetic and morphometric variation in the Cinnamon Hummingbird complex Amazilia rutila,which prefers habitats in this region.This resident species is distributed along the Pacific coast from Sinaloa—including the Tres Marías Islands in Mexico to Costa Rica,and from the coastal plain of the Yucatán Peninsula of Mexico south to Belize.Methods:We obtained genetic data from 85 samples of A.rutila,using 4 different molecular markers(mtDNA:ND2,COI;nDNA:ODC,MUSK)on which we performed analyses of population structure(median-joining network,STRU CTU RE,FST,AMOVA),Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic analyses,and divergence time estimates.In order to evaluate the historic suitability of environmental conditions,we constructed projection models using past scenarios(Pleistocene periods),and conducted Bayesian Skyline Plots(BSP)to visualize changes in population sizes over time.To analyze morphometric variation,we took measurements of 5 morphological traits from 210 study skins.We tested for differences between sexes,differences among geographic groups(defined based on genetic results),and used PCA to examine the variation in multivariate space.Results:Using mtDNA,we recovered four main geographic groups:the Pacific coast,the Tres Marías Islands,the Chiapas region,and the Yucatán Peninsula together with Central America.These same groups were recovered by the phylogenetic results based on the multilocus dataset.Demography based on BSP results showed constant population size over time throughout the A.rutila complex and within each geographic group.Ecological niche model projec-tions onto past scenarios revealed no drastic changes in suitable conditions,but revealed some possible refuges.Mor-phometric results showed minor sexual dimorphism in this species and statistically significant differences between geographic groups.The Tres Marías Islands population was the most differentiated,having larger body size than the remaining groups.Conclusions:The best supported evolutionary hypothesis of diversification within this group corresponds to geo-graphic isolation(limited gene flow),differences in current environmental conditions,and historical habitat fragmen-tation promoted by past events(Pleistocene refugia).Four well-defined clades comprise the A.rutila complex,and we assess the importance of a taxonomic reevaluation.Our data suggest that both of A.r.graysoni(Tres Marías Islands)and A.r.rutila(Pacific coast)should be considered full species.The other two strongly supported clades are:(a)the Chiapas group(southern Mexico),and(b)the populations from Yucatán Peninsula and Central America.These clades belong to the corallirostris taxon,which needs to be split and properly named.展开更多
The terminus of the Middle America Trench has been traditionally represented as an arc, concave towards the continent. Tres Marías Islands are located at the terminus of the Middle America Trench in western Mexic...The terminus of the Middle America Trench has been traditionally represented as an arc, concave towards the continent. Tres Marías Islands are located at the terminus of the Middle America Trench in western Mexico, and their location is not only intriguing but also a key to the re-construction of the position of Baja California peninsula before separation from the North America plate. Previous re-constructions suggested various places around the location of Tres Marías Islands for the position of the tip of the peninsula, and several converge to a position that invades the area occupied by the islands, offering no explanation for the overlap. Before peninsular separation from North America, the Guadalupe trench followed a smooth curve;recreating the position of this paleo-trench yields a baseline for fixing the position of the peninsula, as well as the original position of the Tres Marías Islands fragment. A new tectonic view of the structure of the Middle America Trench terminus is proposed, replacing the traditional arc representation with a series of en echelon blocks, the northernmost terminates at the Tres Marías Escarpment. The long sides of the blocks correspond to previously identified geological faults in the Bahía de Banderas region, while their offshore continuation is supported by topographic observations. As a test of this model I show the corresponding re-construction of the position of Baja California prior to separation from the North America plate and the positional evolution of the peninsula and the Tres Marías fragment from Chron 4n.2 (7.90 Ma) to Chron 3n.4 (5.12 Ma).展开更多
In recent years, West Africa has been confronted with hydro-climatic disasters causing crises in both urban and rural areas. The tragedy in the occurrence of such events lies in the recurrent aspect of high water and ...In recent years, West Africa has been confronted with hydro-climatic disasters causing crises in both urban and rural areas. The tragedy in the occurrence of such events lies in the recurrent aspect of high water and associated floods. The devastating floods observed in Africa’s major rivers have revealed the need to understand the causes of these phenomena and to predict their behavior in order to improve the safety of exposed people and property. The aim of this study is to reproduce flood flows using the GR4J (Rural Engineering Four Daily Parameters) model to analyze flood risk in the Oti watershed in Togo. Daily data on flows (m3/s), potential evapotranspiration (mm/day) and average precipitation (mm) over the basin from 1961-2022 collected at the National Meteorological Agency of Togo (ANAMET) and the Department of Water Resources in Lome, were used with the R software package airGR. The Data from the West African Cordex program from 1961-2100 were used to analyze projected flows. The results obtained show the GR4J model’s effectiveness in reproducing flood flows, indicating that observed flows are well simulated during the calibration and validation periods, with KGE values ranging from 0.73 to 0.85 at calibration and 0.62 to 0.81 at validation. These KGE values reflect the good performance of the GR4J model in simulating flood flows in the watershed. However, a deterioration in the KGE value was observed over the second validation period. Under these conditions, there may be false or missed alerts for flood prediction, and the use of this model should be treated with the utmost caution for decision-support purposes.展开更多
文摘Fibria近日宣布,将在其位于南马托格罗索州（Mato Grosso do Sul）的Tres Lagoas基地投建1个新的苗圃。该苗圃将引进荷兰最新一代技术,整个桉木树苗培育流程将采用全自动化控制,这在行业内是前所未有的。据介绍,Fibria将成为第一家采用机器人种植桉木树苗的制浆企业。树苗种植是整个工艺流程的第一步,以往这一步需要依靠人工完成。
基金supported by PAPIIT/DGAPAUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México(UNAM)through a grant to Blanca E.Hernández-Banos(IN220620)the Postdoctoral scholarship provided by DGAPA-UNAM。
文摘Background:The Mesoamerican dominion is a biogeographic area of great interest due to its complex topography and distinctive climatic history.This area has a large diversity of habitats,including tropical deciduous forests,which house a large number of endemic species.Here,we assess phylogeographic pattern,genetic and morphometric variation in the Cinnamon Hummingbird complex Amazilia rutila,which prefers habitats in this region.This resident species is distributed along the Pacific coast from Sinaloa—including the Tres Marías Islands in Mexico to Costa Rica,and from the coastal plain of the Yucatán Peninsula of Mexico south to Belize.Methods:We obtained genetic data from 85 samples of A.rutila,using 4 different molecular markers(mtDNA:ND2,COI;nDNA:ODC,MUSK)on which we performed analyses of population structure(median-joining network,STRU CTU RE,FST,AMOVA),Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic analyses,and divergence time estimates.In order to evaluate the historic suitability of environmental conditions,we constructed projection models using past scenarios(Pleistocene periods),and conducted Bayesian Skyline Plots(BSP)to visualize changes in population sizes over time.To analyze morphometric variation,we took measurements of 5 morphological traits from 210 study skins.We tested for differences between sexes,differences among geographic groups(defined based on genetic results),and used PCA to examine the variation in multivariate space.Results:Using mtDNA,we recovered four main geographic groups:the Pacific coast,the Tres Marías Islands,the Chiapas region,and the Yucatán Peninsula together with Central America.These same groups were recovered by the phylogenetic results based on the multilocus dataset.Demography based on BSP results showed constant population size over time throughout the A.rutila complex and within each geographic group.Ecological niche model projec-tions onto past scenarios revealed no drastic changes in suitable conditions,but revealed some possible refuges.Mor-phometric results showed minor sexual dimorphism in this species and statistically significant differences between geographic groups.The Tres Marías Islands population was the most differentiated,having larger body size than the remaining groups.Conclusions:The best supported evolutionary hypothesis of diversification within this group corresponds to geo-graphic isolation(limited gene flow),differences in current environmental conditions,and historical habitat fragmen-tation promoted by past events(Pleistocene refugia).Four well-defined clades comprise the A.rutila complex,and we assess the importance of a taxonomic reevaluation.Our data suggest that both of A.r.graysoni(Tres Marías Islands)and A.r.rutila(Pacific coast)should be considered full species.The other two strongly supported clades are:(a)the Chiapas group(southern Mexico),and(b)the populations from Yucatán Peninsula and Central America.These clades belong to the corallirostris taxon,which needs to be split and properly named.
文摘The terminus of the Middle America Trench has been traditionally represented as an arc, concave towards the continent. Tres Marías Islands are located at the terminus of the Middle America Trench in western Mexico, and their location is not only intriguing but also a key to the re-construction of the position of Baja California peninsula before separation from the North America plate. Previous re-constructions suggested various places around the location of Tres Marías Islands for the position of the tip of the peninsula, and several converge to a position that invades the area occupied by the islands, offering no explanation for the overlap. Before peninsular separation from North America, the Guadalupe trench followed a smooth curve;recreating the position of this paleo-trench yields a baseline for fixing the position of the peninsula, as well as the original position of the Tres Marías Islands fragment. A new tectonic view of the structure of the Middle America Trench terminus is proposed, replacing the traditional arc representation with a series of en echelon blocks, the northernmost terminates at the Tres Marías Escarpment. The long sides of the blocks correspond to previously identified geological faults in the Bahía de Banderas region, while their offshore continuation is supported by topographic observations. As a test of this model I show the corresponding re-construction of the position of Baja California prior to separation from the North America plate and the positional evolution of the peninsula and the Tres Marías fragment from Chron 4n.2 (7.90 Ma) to Chron 3n.4 (5.12 Ma).
文摘In recent years, West Africa has been confronted with hydro-climatic disasters causing crises in both urban and rural areas. The tragedy in the occurrence of such events lies in the recurrent aspect of high water and associated floods. The devastating floods observed in Africa’s major rivers have revealed the need to understand the causes of these phenomena and to predict their behavior in order to improve the safety of exposed people and property. The aim of this study is to reproduce flood flows using the GR4J (Rural Engineering Four Daily Parameters) model to analyze flood risk in the Oti watershed in Togo. Daily data on flows (m3/s), potential evapotranspiration (mm/day) and average precipitation (mm) over the basin from 1961-2022 collected at the National Meteorological Agency of Togo (ANAMET) and the Department of Water Resources in Lome, were used with the R software package airGR. The Data from the West African Cordex program from 1961-2100 were used to analyze projected flows. The results obtained show the GR4J model’s effectiveness in reproducing flood flows, indicating that observed flows are well simulated during the calibration and validation periods, with KGE values ranging from 0.73 to 0.85 at calibration and 0.62 to 0.81 at validation. These KGE values reflect the good performance of the GR4J model in simulating flood flows in the watershed. However, a deterioration in the KGE value was observed over the second validation period. Under these conditions, there may be false or missed alerts for flood prediction, and the use of this model should be treated with the utmost caution for decision-support purposes.
