Electrodeposition of aluminium and aluminium-copper alloys from a room temperature ionic liquid electrolyte containing aluminium chloride and triethylamine hydrochloride

The electrodeposition of A1 and A1-Cu binary alloys on to gold substrates from a room temperature ionic liquid electrolyte containing A1C13-EtaNHC1 was studied. The electrochemical behavior of the electrolyte and the mechanism of deposition were investigated through cyclic voltammetry （CV）, and the properties of deposits obtained were assessed by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （SEM-EDS） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. A1 of 70μm in thickness and an A1-Cu alloy of 30μm in thickness with 8at% copper were deposited from the electrolyte. SEM images of the deposits indicate that the A1 deposit was smooth and uniform, whereas the Al-Cu deposit was nodular. The average crystalline size, as determined by XRD patterns, was found to be （30±5） and （29±5） nm, respectively, for A1 and A1-Cu alloys. Potentiodynamic polarization （Tafel plots） and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic （EIS） measurements showed that Al-Cu alloys are more corrosion resistant than Al.

PHOTO-CIDNP STUDIES OF PHTHALIMIDE DERIVATIVES IN THE PRESENCE OF TRIETHYLAMINE

The photoreactivity of some phthalimides was tested by CIDNP studies on the reactions with triethylamine.

STUDY ON THE TREATMENT OF INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER CONTAINING TRIETHYLAMINE WITH POLYMERIC ADSORBENTS

The treatment of the industrial wastewater, in which the concentration of triethylamine (TEN) and CODcr was around 3450 mg/L and 22400 mg/L respectively, was studied by adsorption of macroporous resins. Results demonstrate that the polymeric adsorbent CHA-111 has excellent effect on the adsorption and desorption of TEN. The concentration of TEN in the effluent is less than 30mg/L, and the removal efficiency of TEN and total CODcr exceed 99% and 95% respectively. The accumulation and resource reuse of TEN can be realized in this process.

Triethylamine-catalyzed Isomerization of Glucose to Fructose under Low Temperature Conditions in Aqueous Phase

Isomerization of glucose derived from lignocellulosic biomass is an important step in biorefinery.Fructose isomerized from glucose,is used as a highly attractive sweetener in the food and beverages industries.However,the prevalence of side reactions at high glucose concentrations is a serious issue,leading to a significant reduction in the fructose yield,especially in the aqueous phase.In this study,an efficient method for the conversion of highly concentrated glucose into fructose under low temperature conditions using triethylamine as the catalyst was developed.It was demonstrated that high fructose yield could be maintained at high glucose concentration.At 60℃,fructose yield of 38.7%and fructose selectivity of 80.6%were achieved in 1 mol/L(approximately 17 wt%)glucose.When glucose concentration was increased to 2 mol/L(approximately 31 wt%),the fructose yield and selectivity were maintained at 34.7%and 77.4%,respectively.13C nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectrometer was used to examine the glucose isomerization reaction.Compared to the NaOH catalytic system,triethylamine acted as a buffer to provide a stable alkaline environment for the catalytic system,further maintaining a high level of catalytic efficiency for the isomerization of glucose to fructose.

LaMnO_(3)/Co_(3)O_(4) nanocomposite for enhanced triethylamine sensing properties

LaMnO_(3) modified Co_(3)O_(4) nanocomposites were prepared by simple hydrothermal method co mbined with sol-gel method.The gas sensitivity properties of pure Co_(3)O_(4) and LaMnO_(3)/Co_(3)O_(4) with different composite proportions are compared.It is found that 0.6-LMO/Co_(3)O_(4) sensor has higher sensitivity to triethylamine(TEA)than pure Co_(3)O_(4) sensor,which is improved by 9.27 times.And the working temperature is reduced from 150 to 130℃.Besides,it has excellent gas selectivity and repeatability.The improvement of the gas sensitivity of LaMnO_(3)/Co_(3)O_(4) sensor may be due to the fact that LaMnO_(3) is an effective catalyst,and the catalytic performance perhaps is beneficial to improving the sensing performance.In addition,the formation of p-p heterojunctions may be the key factor to improve the gas sensing performance.This work provides a new Co_(3)O_(4)-based gas sensing material for the detection of TEA.

Porous 2D CuO nanosheets for efficient triethylamine detection at low temperature

The freshness of seafood can be judged by detecting the concentration of triethylamine(TEA). In this work, 2D Cu O porous nanosheets(Cu O PNs) were prepared by a graphene oxide template method and their particle sizes were regulated by changing the calcination temperature. Their structure, morphology and gas sensing performances were investigated by various characterization methods. The response(Rg/Ra) of the gas sensor based on Cu O PNs calcined at 700oC was as high as 440-100 ppm TEA at the operating temperature of 40 ℃. The detection limit was as low as 0.25 ppm. In addition, the gas sensor has good selectivity and stability. The excellent TEA sensitivity is mainly resulted from the appropriate particle size and loose porous framework. This work not only paves the way to explore the novel low temperature TEA gas sensors, but also provides deep insight on improving the structure and properties of gas sensitive materials by controlling the calcination temperature.

Effect of triethylamine treatment of titanium silicalite-1 on propylene epoxidation

Titanium silicalite- 1 （TS- 1） treated with triethy- lamine （TEA） solution under different conditions was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction （XRD）, Fourier- transform infrared spectrum （FTIR）, ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectrum （UV-Vis）, nitrogen physical adsorption and desorption, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. The characterization results show that many irregular hollows are generated in the TS-1 crystals due to the random dissolution of framework silicon and the volume of the hollow cavities increase with increasing the TEA con- centration, and the treatment temperature and time. The modified TS-1 samples improved in varying degrees the catalyst life for the epoxidation of propylene in a fixed-bed reactor probably due to the generation of the hollows to make it easy for the reactants and products to diffuse out of the channels.

Pr-doped ln203 nanocubes induce oxygen vacancies for enhancing triethylamine gas-sensing performance

Nanocubes derived from pure In2O3 and xPr-In2O3 (x= 1, 2, 3 and 5 mol.%) were synthesized using a facile hydrothermal method, followed by calcination. The morphological and structural characterization demonstrated that as-synthesized samples presented regular cubes that decreased in size with the increase of the Pr doping. The data showed that the sensing performances of sensors based on In203 were notably improved after the Pr doping. Among them, the sensor based on 2 mol.% Pr-In2O3 had the best sensing performance towards the triethylamine (TEA) gas, including a high response (RaIRg = 260 to 100 ppm TEA gas, which is about 12 times higher than that of the sensor based on pure In2O3), a short response time (2s), and a low detection limit (0.2 ppm) at 350℃. The mechanism responsible for the enhancement of sensing performance was attributed to the improvement of the vacancy content of 2 mol.% Pr-ln203, which promoted the oxidation—reduction reaction with the TEA gas that occurred on the materials surface.

Improved triethylamine sensing properties of fish-scale-like porous SnO_(2) nanosheets by decorating with Ag nanoparticles

Three dimensional(3D)porous nanostructures assembled by low-dimensional nanomaterials are widely applied in gas sensor according to porous structure which can facilitate the transport of gas molecules.In this work,fish-scale-like porous SnO 2 nanomaterials assembled from ultrathin nanosheets with thick-ness of 16.8 nm were synthesized by a facile hydrothermal route.Then Ag nanoparticles were decorated on the surface of SnO_(2) nanosheets via one-step method to improve their gas-sensing performances.The sensing properties of pristine SnO_(2) and Ag/SnO_(2) nanosheets were investigated intensively.After deco-rating with Ag nanoparticles,the characteristics of SnO_(2) based sensor for triethylamine detection were significantly improved.Especially,the Ag/SnO_(2) based sensor with Ag content of 2 at%exhibited the highest triethylamine sensing sensitivity at optimum work temperature of 170?C.The improved sensing properties of Ag/SnO_(2) sensors were attributed to the sensitizing actions of Ag nanoparticles as well as the unique hierarchical porous architecture.

Interfacial energy barrier tuning of hierarchical Bi_(2)O_(3)/WO_(3) heterojunctions for advanced triethylamine sensor

Traditional triethylamine(TEA)sensors suffer from the drawback of serious cross-sensitivity due to the low charge-transfer ability of gas-sensing materials.Herein,an advanced anti-interference TEA sensor is designed by utilizing interfacial energy barriers of hierarchical Bi_(2)O_(3)/WO_(3) composite.Benefiting from abundant slit-like pores,desirable defect features,and amplification effect of heterojunctions,the sensor based on Bi_(2)O_(3)/WO_(3) composite with 40%Bi_(2)O_(3)(0.4-Bi_(2)O_(3)/WO_(3))demonstrates remarkable performance in terms of faster response/recovery time(1.7-fold/1.2-fold),higher response(2.1-fold),and lower power consumption(30℃-decrement)as compared with the pristine WO_(3) sensor.Furthermore,the composite sensor exhibits long-term stability,reproducibility,and negligible response towards interfering molecules,indicating the promising potential of Bi_(2)O_(3)/WO_(3) heterojunctions in anti-interference detection of low-concentration TEA in real applications.This work not only offers a rational solution to design advanced gas sensors by tuning the interfacial energy barriers of heterojunctions,but also provides a fundamental understanding of hierarchical Bi_(2)O_(3) structures in the gas-sensing field.

Synthesis of Some New 1,4-Dihydropyridine Derivatives through a Facile One-pot Hantzsch Condensation Catalyzed by Triethylamine

A facile and efficient synthesis of new 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives was reported via Hantzsch three-com- ponent condensation reaction of aldehydes or formylphenylboronic acids, ethyl acetoacetate, and ammonium acetate in the presence of a catalytic amount of triethylamine under solvent-free conditions. The method described here of- fers several advantages including high yields, short reaction times, and simple work-up procedure.

Simple self-assembly of 3D laminated CuO/SnO2 hybrid for the detection of triethylamine

Tin dioxide is important gas sensor material and has wide applications in the detection of toxic gases and volatile organic compounds.Here,we synthesized a 3D laminated structural CuO/SnO2 material possessing p-n heterostructures.The morphology and structure were characterized by XRD,SEM,TEM and XPS techniques and the sensing properties were investigated for the detection of triethylamine(TEA).The results indicate that 3D laminated CuO/SnO2 material,assembled by lamellae consisting of ordered nanoparticles,exhibit an enhanced sensing performance compared with SnO2,and notably,CuO/SnO2 with size less than 1μm has obvious high selectivity in the detection of 100 ppm TEA.Particularly,it has a high response and stability to 1 and 5 ppm TEA(S is 8 and 33),and that is higher than SnO2 material,suggesting 3D laminated CuO/SnO2 is an effective ca ndidate material served as sensor platform to detect low-concentration amines.

Pseudo four-component and regioselective synthesis of 4-amino-3,5-dicyano-6-arylphthalates using triethylamine catalyst

An efficient triethylamine-catalyzed synthesis of 4-amino-3,5-dicyano-6-arylphthalates is described.A one-pot,simple pseudo four-component reaction between arylaldehydes,dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates, and twice as much malononitrile gave 4-amino-3,5-dicyano-6-arylphthalates in good to excellent yields.

Rational construction and triethylamine sensing performance of foam shapedα-MoO_(3)@SnS_(2) nanosheets

Owing to their high surface area,stable structure and easy fabrication,composite nanomaterials with encapsulation structures have attracted considerable research interest as sensing materials to detect volatile organic compounds.Herein,a hydrothermal route is designed to prepare foam shapedα-MoO_(3)@SnS_(2)nanosheets that exhibit excellent sensing performance for triethylamine(TEA).The developed sensor,based onα-MoO_(3)@SnS_(2)nanosheets,displays a high response of 114.9 for 100 ppm TEA at a low working temperature of 175℃with sensitivity higher than many other reported sensors.In addition,the device shows a wide concentration detection range(from 500 ppb to 500 ppm),good stability after exposure to air for 80 days,and excellent selectivity.The superior sensing characteristics of the developed sensor are attributed to the high crystallinity ofα-MoO_(3)/SnS_(2),excessive and accessible active sites provided by the good permeability of porous SnS_(2)shells,and the excellent conductivity of the encapsulation heterojunction structure.Thus,the foam shapedα-MoO_(3)@SnS_(2)nanosheets presented herein have promising practical applications in TEA gas sensing devices.

A Convenient Synthesis of 2-Arylnaphtho[1,2-d]oxazole Derivatives Promoted by Triethylamine

A variety of 2-arylnaphtho[ 1,2-d]oxazole derivatives were efficiently synthesized in moderate to high yields by the reaction of aromatic aldehydes with 1-amino-2-naphthol derivatives in the presence of triethylamine in refluxing ethanol in air. Seven new 2-arylnaphtho[1,2-d]oxazole derivatives were obtained and characterized by the spectral data and elemental analysis. In addition, the X-ray crystal structures of 2-[4-（N,N-dimethylamino）phenyl]naphtho[ 1,2-d] oxzole （3d） and 1, 1＇-bis（naphtho[ 1,2-d]oxazol-2-yl）ferrocene （3n） have been determined.

Viscosities and ultrasonic speeds of binary mixtures of benzene with triethylamine and tributylamine at different temperatures:An experimental and theoretical study

The viscosities, η, and ultrasonic speeds, u, of pure benzene, triethylamine, （TEA） tributylamine, （TBA）, and those of their binary mixtures, with benzene as common component, covering the whole composition range have been measured at 278.15 K, 283.15 K, 288.15 K, 293.15 K, 298.15 K, 303.15 K, 308.15 K, 313.15 K, and 318.15 K. From the experimental data the deviations in viscosity, △η, deviations in Gibbs free energy, AG, deviations in ultrasonic speed, △u, deviations in entropies, △S^＊, and deviations in enthalpies, △H^＊, of activation of viscous flow have been determined. The sign and magnitude of these parameters were found to be sensitive towards interactions prevailing in the studied systems. Further, the excess molar volumes, VE, were calculated using data for the binary mixtures. Moreover, theoretical values of viscosities and ultrasonic speeds of the binary mixtures were calculated using different empirical relations and theories. The results were in experimental and theoretical values. discussed in terms of average deviations （AD）

Design of narrow bandgap Fe_(2)O_(3)/MoO_(3) heterostructure for boosting triethylamine sensing performance

To achieve the rapid and real-time detection of triethylamine(TEA)gas,this study synthesized a gas sensor based on heterostructures of Fe_(2)O_(3)/MoO_(3) using a hydrothermal method.Fe_(2)O_(3)/MoO_(3) composites with a narrow bandgap(1.1 eV)were successfully synthesized by constructing heterostructures.The rapid and efficient detection of triethylamine was achieved at 220℃.The response and response/recovery times of the Fe_(2)O_(3)/MoO_(3) sensor with 50×10^(−6) triethylamine were 132 s and 5 s/10 s,respectively.The Fe_(2)O_(3)/MoO_(3) sensor maintained a good response to triethylamine gas,even at 80%relative humidity.The sensing mechanism of the Fe_(2)O_(3)/MoO_(3) sensor can be described in terms of adsorption energy and electronic behavior of the sensing layer using density functional theory(DFT).The results are consistent with the excellent selectivity and rapid response/recovery of the Fe_(2)O_(3)/MoO_(3) gas sensor for triethylamine.Therefore,the construction of heterostructures to facilitate electron transmission is an effective strategy to achieve rapid detection of triethylamine and is worthy of further exploration and investigation.

重离子径迹影像探测器研制及初步实验测试

研制了一套基于气体雪崩电离室和CCD(charge-coupled device)影像获取系统的重离子径迹影像探测器。利用239Pu放出的α粒子,对所研制的重离子径迹影像探测器系统进行了初步的实验测试。测试结果显示,所研制的重离子径迹影像探测器系统能够成功地抓拍到α粒子的径迹,其径迹形貌与气体雪崩电离室中工作气体的气压、CCD相机的曝光时间等参数密切相关。对工作气体气压为15 hPa、曝光时间10 s的α粒子径迹影像数据分析表明,径迹分布呈轴对称,径迹宽度沿轴向逐渐减小,径迹影像的像点密度沿轴向逐渐增加。

A graphitized expanded graphite cathode for aluminum-ion battery with excellent rate capability

Aluminum-ion battery(AIB)is very promising for its safety and large current charge–discharge.However,it is challenging to build a high-performance AIB system based on low-cost materials especially cathode&electrolyte.Despite the low-cost expanded graphite-triethylaminehydrochloride(EG-ET)system has been improved in cycle performance,its rate capability still remains a gap with the expensive graphene-alkylimidazoliumchloride AIB system.In this work,we treated the cheap EG appropriately through an industrial high-temperature process,employed the obtained EG3K(treated at 3000℃)cathode with AlCl_(3)-ET electrolyte,and built a novel,high-rate capability and double-cheap AIB system.The new EG3K-ET system achieved the cathode capacity of average 110 m Ah g^(-1)at 1 A g^(-1)with 18,000cycles,and retained the cathode capacity of 100 m Ah g^(-1)at 5 A g^(-1)with 27,500 cycles(fast charging of 72 s).Impressively,we demonstrated that a battery pack(EG3K-ET system,12 m Ah)had successfully driven the Model car running 100 m long.In addition,it was confirmed that the improvement of rate capability in the EG3K-ET system was mainly derived by deposition,and its capacity contribution ratio was about 53.7%.This work further promoted the application potential of the low-cost EG-ET AIB system.

Solid and liquid phase equilibria and solid-hydrate formation in binary mixtures of water with amines

Solid and liquid phase diagrams have been constructed for {water+triethylamine,or+N,N-dimethylformamide(DMF) or+N,N-dimethlacetamide (DMA)} Solid-hydrates form with the empirical formulae N(C2H5)3 3H2O,DMF 3H2O,DMF 2H2O,DMA 3H2O and (DMA)2 3H2O.All are congruently melting except the first which melts incongruently.The solid-hydrate formation is attributed to hydrogen bond.The results are compared with the references