Titanium-rich TS-1 zeolite for highly efficient oxidative desulfurization

The exploration of highly efficient catalysts based on nano-sized Ti-rich titanosilicate zeolites with controllable active titanium species is of great importance in zeolite catalytic reactions.Herein,we reported an efficient and facile synthesis of nano-sized Ti-rich TS-1(MFI)zeolites by replacing tetrabutyl orthotitanate(TBOT)with tetrabutyl orthotitanate tetramer(TBOT-tetramer)as the titanium source.The introduced TBOT-tetramer slowed down the zeolite crystallization process,and accordingly balanced the rate of incorporating Ti and the crystal growth and inhibited the massive formation of anatase species.Notably,the prepared Ti-rich TS-1 zeolite sample had a Si/Ti as low as 27.6 in contrast to conventional one with a molar ratio of 40.The TBOT-tetramer endowed the titanosilicate zeolites with enriched active titanium species and enlarged external surface area.It also impeded the formation of anatase species,resulting in superior catalytic behavior toward the oxidative desulfurization of dibenzothiophene compared with the conventional TS-1 zeolite counterpart prepared with TBOT.

The synthetic strategies of hierarchical TS-1 zeolites for the oxidative desulfurization reactions

With the increasingly stringent standards for limiting sulfide content in liquid fuels,oxidative desulfurization(ODS)has become a promising ultra-deep desulfurization process in fuel desulfurization.TS-1 zeolites show great potential as catalysts for ODS reactions,due to its remarkable oxidation activity at low temperatures and pressure.However,the inherent microporous structure of conventional TS-1 zeolites restricts the mass transportation and renders the active sites in the microporous space of TS-1 zeolites inaccessible for bulky aromatic organosulfur compounds.Fabrication of hierarchical TS-1 zeolites by incorporating meso-/macropores into microporous TS-1 zeolites is an effective strategy to improve mass transportability.In recent years,abundant efforts have been dedicated to developing synthetic strategies of hierarchical TS-1 zeolite,thereby improving its catalytic performance in the ODS process.This mini-review addresses the synthetic methods of hierarchical TS-1 catalysts and their catalytic performance in the ODS reactions.In addition,some current problems and prospects of synthesis routes for constructing hierarchical TS-1 catalysts have also been revised.We expect this mini-review to shed light on the more efficient preparation strategies of hierarchical TS-1 zeolites for the ODS process.

Aromatic compounds-mediated synthesis of anatase-free hierarchical TS-1 zeolite:Exploring design strategies via machine learning and enhanced catalytic performance

Simultaneous achievement of constructing mesopores and eliminating anatase is a long-term pursuit for enhancing the catalytic performance of TS-1.Here,we developed an aromatic compounds-mediated synthesis method to prepare anatase-free and hierarchical TS-1 for olefin epoxidation.A series of hierarchical TS-1 zeolites were prepared by introducing aromatic compounds containing different functional groups via the crystallization process.The formation of intercrystalline mesopores and insertion of titanium into framework were facilitated at different extent.The synergistic coordination of carboxyl and hydroxyl in aromatic compounds with Ti(OH)4 realizes the uniform distribution of titanium species and eliminates the generation of anatase.Noteworthily,eight machine learning models were trained to reveal the mechanism of additive functional groups and preparation conditions on anatase formation and microstructure optimization.The prediction accuracy of most models can reach more than 80%.Benefiting from the larger mesopore volumes(0.37 cm3⋅g−1)and higher content of framework Ti species,TS-DHBDC-48h samples exhibit a higher catalytic performance than other zeolites,giving 1-hexene conversion of 49.3%and 1,2-epoxyhenane selectivity of 99.9%.The paper provides a facile aromatic compounds-mediated synthesis strategy and promotes the application of machine learning toward the design and optimization of new zeolites.

Au/TS-1 catalyst for propylene epoxidation with H_(2)and O_(2):Effect of surface property and morphology of TS-1 zeolite

The catalytic performances over propylene epoxidation with H_(2)and O_(2)(HOPO process)are significantly affected by the properties(e.g.,surface properties,Ti coordination,morphology)of titanosilicate zeolite.Introducing urea into zeolite synthesis is a simple and convenient method to modify these properties of titanosilicate zeolite.Uncalcined pore-blocked titanium silicalite-1(TS-1,i.e.,TS-1-B)with the lower urea dosage possesses more defective structure and unsaturated coordinated Ti sites verified by 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)analysis,which results in a high initial activity and hydrogen efficiency;while the high surface acidity generated by these Ti species leads to a continuous decrease in the activity and the propylene oxide(PO)selectivity during the reaction.As the amount of urea gradually increases,the TS-1-B samples present the reduced surface defects and defective and unsaturated Ti species.Specially,TS-1-B-0.30U presents the weaker PO adsorption on PO-diffusion reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectra(DRIFTS),thus results in the high stable PO formation rate and selectivity over its Au catalyst.Furthermore,a flat-plate-like shape with a shorter thickness of 100 nm along the b-axis direction is observed on the urea-modified TS-1.Compared with the conventional ellipsoidal TS-1 with crystal sizes of 200 and 500 nm,the flat-plate-like TS-1-0.30U displays the less surface defects,unsaturated Ti species,the weaker Lewis acid,which is favorable for the desorption and intracrystalline diffusion of PO,thus reduces the occurrence of side reactions for the improved selectivity and stability.This work may provide a reference for developing titanium-containing materials with high activity and stability over HOPO reaction.

TS-1分子筛研究进程及催化应用

TS-1是一类独特的用于液相选择性氧化反应的分子筛催化剂,在高结晶沸石框架中具有四面体配位Ti^(4+)离子。TS-1/H_(2)O_(2)绿色反应体系已经取得了相当大的突破。TS-1分子筛的催化性能与其拓扑结构、晶体形态、四面体Ti的含量和反应微环境有关。当前石油化工和精细化工等行业对大分子氧化催化剂的需求日益增长,开发催化性能显著提高的新型TS-1的研究成为热点。综述TS-1分子筛近年的研究进展及催化应用。

Elucidating the effect of oxides on the zeolite catalyzed alkylation of benzene with 1-dodecene

In the present work, the effect of oxides on the alkylation of benzene with 1-dodecene was comprehensively investigated over MCM-49 n-heptanol, n-heptaldehyde and n-heptanoic acid were selected as the model oxides herein, and obvious decrease of lifetime could be caused by only trace amount of oxides added in the feedstocks. However, the deactivated catalysts were difficult to be regenerated by extraction with hot benzene. Additionally, coke-burning was also proved to be incapable to regenerate the deactivated catalysts mainly for the dealumination during calcination. Further characterizations complementary with DFT calculations were conducted to demonstrate that the deactivation was mainly due to the firm adsorption of oxides on the acid sites.

Tailoring Porosity and Titanium Species of TS-1 Zeolites via Organic Base-assisted Sequential Post-treatment

The exploration of high-efficient catalysts based on hierarchical Ti-containing zeolites with optimized active titanium species distribution is of great value in enhancing the epoxidation of bulky olefins. Herein, hierarchical TS-1(MFI) zeolite with an extra-large external surface area(210 m2/g) and highly active octahedral- coordinated Ti species was prepared via organic base-assisted sequential post-treatment. Such a catalyst afforded a high turnover number value(TON, 114) in 1-octene epoxidation reaction, which was over twice than that(53) of the untreated conventional microporous TS-1 parent. According to the detailed characterization results, we revealed the hierarchical porosity construction effect of tetrapropylamonium hydroxide(TPAOH) treatment(first step) and the octahedral-coordinated Ti species fabrication effect of ethylamine(EA) treatment(second step) under hydrothermal condition. Such a facile post-treatment strategy reported in this work may provide guidance for the rational synthesis of TS-1 zeolite with enhanced catalytic activity.

TS-1光催化剂的制备及应用研究进展

钛硅分子筛(TS-1)因具有优异的吸附能力、高选择性的催化活性中心和良好的稳定性而成为一类具有应用潜力的光催化材料。然而,其活性仍受限于电荷分离较低和光吸收不足。在众多光催化剂改性方法中,构建异质光催化体系具有简单可行、形式多样和性能突出等优点,在能源环境方面具有广阔的应用前景。本文总结了TS-1的制备方法、提出了与碳材料偶联、金属/非金属掺杂、贵金属负载和与半导体异质复合4种策略来TS-1光催化活性,分析了TS-1异质光催化剂在水分解制氢、CO 2还原和污染物的降解应用方面的研究现状。

多级孔NiMo负载TS-1分子筛催化剂的制备及其加氢脱硫性能

钛硅(TS-1)分子筛的微孔孔道严重限制了其在复杂分子催化转化中的应用,为了克服这一问题,通过酸洗脱、碱刻蚀及二者相结合的方法制备了多级孔TS-1分子筛,并采用等体积共浸渍法制备了相应的NiMo负载型催化剂;使用X射线衍射(XRD)、N2吸附-脱附、吡啶吸附红外光谱(Py-FTIR)、氢气程序升温还原(H_(2)-TPR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和高分辨透射电子显微镜(HR-TEM)等方法对多级孔TS-1分子筛的理化性质进行了表征;以二苯并噻吩(DBT)为探针对催化剂的加氢脱硫(HDS)性能进行了评价。结果表明,和常规TS-1分子筛相比,多级孔TS-1分子筛保持了MFI拓扑结构,比表面积增大且具有介孔结构,分子筛表面形成了适量的Br?nsted酸中心;相应催化剂上活性金属与载体间相互作用得以改善,MoS_(2)片晶长度和堆垛层数适宜,形成了更多的NiMoS活性相;催化剂活性和选择性均有所提升,尤其是酸洗脱获得的NiMo/AT-TS-1催化剂的活性相较未经处理的NiMo/TS-1催化剂提升了1.2倍,直接脱硫(DDS)路径选择性提升了22%。

金属改性对钛硅分子筛TS-1上油酸甲酯环氧化性能的影响

环氧植物油可广泛用作各种化工材料,为提高植物油环氧化催化剂钛硅分子筛TS-1的活性,采用沉淀沉积法制备了系列金属改性的TS-1催化剂(M/TS-1,M为Mn、Fe、Cu、Mg),对其进行了表征,并以油酸甲酯环氧化为探针反应,考察了金属改性对TS-1上油酸甲酯环氧化性能的影响。结果表明:Fe和Cu的引入提高了TS-1的催化活性,但Mg和Mn改性却抑制了油酸甲酯的环氧化,Cu/TS-1催化剂的催化活性最高;结合多种表征结果发现,Cu/TS-1催化剂的高活性归因于Cu的引入有效地改变了Ti活性中心的电子环境,并增加了新的中强酸性位点;Cu/TS-1催化油酸环氧化的最佳工艺条件为反应温度80℃、H_(2)O_(2)与油酸甲酯物质的量比3∶1、油酸甲酯与催化剂质量比10∶1~20∶1;Cu/TS-1重复使用5次后,油酸甲酯转化率和环氧油酸甲酯收率略有降低。综上,采用Cu改性TS-1可显著提高其催化活性,且Cu/TS-1具有良好的再生性能。

Pt supported on Zn modified silicalite-1 zeolite as a catalyst for n-hexane aromatization

Platinum(Pt)supported on Zinc(Zn)modified silicalite-1(S-1)zeolite(denoted as Pt-Zn/S-1)was prepared by using a wetness-impregnation method and applied in the n-hexane aromatization reaction for the first time.Both Lewis and Bronsted acid sites were detected in Pt-Zn/S-1 catalyst by means of FT-IR adsorption of NH3 experiment,which were identified as mostly weak and medium ones.Besides,Pt and Zn species showed strong interaction,as revealed by the TPR(Temperature-programmed reduction)and XPS(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy)experiments.Pt-Zn/S-1 catalyst exhibited excellent aromatization function rather than isomerization and cracking side reactions in the conversion of n-hexane.Pulse experimental study showed that 75.6%of n-hexane conversion and 76.8%of benzene selectivity were obtained over Pt0.1-Zn60/S-l catalyst at 550℃ and under atmospheric pressure.By spectroscopy tests and pulse experimental results,it was concluded that the n-hexane aromatization over Pt-Zn/S-1 catalyst follows a metal-acid bifunctional mechanism.Furthermore,with the assistance of Zn,the electron-deficient Pt species in Pt-Zn/S-1 showed good sulfur tolerance performance.

Quasi-solid state synthesis of EU-1 zeolite and its catalytic properties for the isomerization of C_8 aromatics

In this study,EU-1 zeolite was successfully synthesized via a quasi-solid state approach and assembled to catalyst for the C 8 aromatics isomerization process.The catalytic properties were tuned through careful modification of the acidity of EU-1 zeolites and metal-doping of the catalyst.It was shown that EU-1 was an excellent candidate for the C 8 aromatics isomerization process due to its unique structure.In addition,steam treatment of EU-1 at 450-500 ℃ could optimize the acidic properties of the catalyst,hence enhance its catalytic performance.The effect of the amount of Pt on ethylbenzene conversion was studied and the optimum amount was determined to be about 0.3-0.4 wt%.It was confirmed that EU-1 zeolite prepared via a quasi-solid state approach and then dealuminated by steam treatment had better activity and selectivity than conventional mordenite（MOR） zeolite and could be an excellent candidate for C 8 aromatics isomerization.

计算TS-1分子筛催化1-己烯反应中底物扩散阈值的综合实验设计

该综合化学实验首先在不同TPAOH/SiO 2摩尔比条件下合成了一系列晶粒尺寸不同的TS-1分子筛,并用其催化1-己烯反应。结果显示,当TS-1分子筛的晶粒尺寸处于1.2μm和3.5μm之间时,其与TS-1分子筛催化反应时的TON值呈负相关,说明底物扩散会直接影响TS-1分子筛的催化性能。且计算得出1-己烯在TS-1分子筛孔道内的扩散阈值约为320 nm。该综合实验系统性强,内容新颖,紧跟研究领域前沿。该实验的实施不仅能锻炼学生关于TS-1分子筛催化剂的合成、表征等方面的实验技能,同时能增强学生发现问题、分析问题、解决问题的能力。

Optimization of dendritic TS-1/Silica micro–mesoporous composites for efficient hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene

A novel composite material(TD)composed of TS-1 microcrystalline and dendritic mesoporous silica nanospheres(DMSNs)was successfully prepared.The TD composite material had open pore structure and large specific surface area,which was conducive to the mass transfer of reactants and products.The Ti element in TS-1 could be used as an electron assistant,and the spillover d-electrons were conducive to the improvement of the sulfidation and dispersion of MoS_(2),thereby forming more type II MoS_(2) active phases.The incorporation of Ti could bring more Brønsted(B)and Lewis(L)acid,which was conducive to the hydrogenation pathway(HYD)selectivity(41.2%)of dibenzothiophene(DBT)hydrodesulfurization(HDS)and isomerization(ISO)route selectivity(21.9%)of 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene(4,6-DMDBT)HDS,thus improve the HDS activity of DBT and 4,6-DMDBT.NiMo/TD-70(Aging temperature=70℃)had the best HDS activities of DBT(99.0%)and 4,6-DMDBT(93.7%)due to its large open pore structure,good acidity,suitable metal-support interaction(MSI)and perfect dispersion of the metallic active sites.

MCM-36 zeolites tailored with acidic ionic liquid to regulate adsorption properties of isobutane and 1-butene

Adsorption properties of an adsorbent or a catalyst towards adsorbates are crucial in the process of adsorption separation or catalytic reaction. Surface morphology and structure of adsorbents have a significant impact on the adsorption properties. In this study, a novel acidic ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-(triethoxysilylpropyl)imidazolium hydrogen sulfate(i.e., [BTPIm][HSO_4]), was synthesized and subsequently grafted onto the MCM-36 zeolite for the regulation of its adsorption properties towards isobutane and 1-butene. The resultant [BTPIm][HSO_4]-immobilized MCM-36(i.e., MCM-36-IL) was characterized by FT-IR, XPS, XRD, SEM, TG/DTG and N_2 adsorption–desorption measurement. It was found that the specific surface area, micropore volume and mesopore volume of the MCM-36 support underwent a reduction upon the immobilization of ionic liquid,while the surface density of acid increased from 0.0014 to 0.0035 mmol·m^(-2). The adsorption capacity of isobutane and 1-butene on the MCM-36-IL was determined by a static volumetric method. Results demonstrated that the interaction between isobutane and MCM-36-IL was enhanced and the interaction between 1-butene and MCM-36-IL was reduced. As a result, a tunable adsorption ratio of isobutane/1-butene on MCM-36 was achieved.With the increase in surface density of acid and the tunable adsorption ratio of isobutane and 1-butene on the functionalized MCM-36, the acidic ionic liquid-immobilized zeolites are beneficial to obtain an improved reaction yield and a prolonged catalyst life in the reactions catalyzed by solid acid.

Synthesis, characteristics of hierarchical EU-1 zeolite for xylene isomerization probe reaction

Introduced a method of synthesizing hierarchical EU-1 zeolite with organosilanes as additive, and studied the influences of following different kinds of organosilanes on the synthesis of hierarchical EU-1 zeolite: γ-glycidoxy propyl trimethoxy silane(GPTMS), N-β-(aminoethyl)-γ-aminopropyl methyl dimethoxyl silane(APAEDMS),and N-(β-aminoethyl)-γ-aminopropyl dimethoxyl(ethyoxyl) silane(TMPED). The hierarchical EU-1 samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, N_2 adsorption, FT-IR and NH_3-TPD to analyze the crystallinity, morphology, surface area, pore size distribution and acidity. The results showed that hierarchical EU-1 zeolites were successfully synthesized; organosilanes have great influence on crystal morphology of EU-1 zeolites; the exterior surface area of hierarchical EU-1 zeolite, which synthesized with organosilanes(APAEDMS) adding into synthesis system, increased by 62.1% and mesopore volume increased by 129.1% compared with conventional EU-1 zeolites, thus can reduce the diffusional restriction markedly in catalytic reaction. The catalytic performance of hierarchical EU-1zeolites were evaluated in m-xylene isomerization on fixed bed reactor. The catalytic data showed that the isomerization activity PX/X of the hierarchical EU-1 zeolites reached around 24.09% in theoretical thermodynamic equilibrium from 23.83%, and the selectivity of C_8 aromatic hydrocarbon increased from 75.16% to 84.87%. The conversion of p-xylene increased from 16.30% to 18.41%.

过渡金属负载Silicalite-1分子筛的制备及其催化糠醛加氢性能研究

糠醛是一种重要的生物质平台分子,研发具有高活性和稳定性的糠醛加氢催化剂是当前的研究焦点,但贵金属催化剂的高成本问题使得其难以满足大规模工业生产的需求。利用一步水热法成功地合成了过渡金属负载Silicalite-1分子筛催化剂,并探讨了引入不同类型的过渡金属(如Ni、Co、Cu和Fe)对Silicalite-1分子筛结构产生的影响。研究结果表明:低金属负载量并不会对分子筛结构的形成产生影响,同时金属物种在分子筛载体的表面也能均匀分布。在糠醛的加氢转化过程中,Ni基催化剂S-Ni2展现出优异的糠醛转化能力,糠醛的转化率高达96%,产物呋喃的选择性保持在71%左右。Cu基催化剂S-Cu1表现出优异的糠醇选择性,产物选择性接近100%,这一性能明显优于通过浸渍法制得的铜基催化剂(76%)。因此,与浸渍法相比,采用一步水热法可以获得具有高选择性的催化剂,且该方法简单易操作。本研究为寻找高效、稳定且经济的金属加氢催化剂开辟了新的方向,并促进了生物质资源的高值化应用。

Experiment and Modeling of Pure and Binary Adsorption of n-Butane and Butene-1 on ZSM-5 Zeolites with Different Si/Al Ratios

Four ZSM-5 zeolite catalysts with different Si/Al ratios for the catalytic cracking of C4 fractions to produce ethylene and propylene were prepared in this study.First,the adsorption isotherms of pure n-butane and butene-1 and their mixtures on these catalysts at 300K and p=0—100kPa were measured using the intelligent gra- vimetric analyzer.The experimental results indicate that the presence of Al can significantly affect the adsorption of butene-1 than that of n-butane on ZSM-5 zeolites.Then,the double Langmuir(DL)model was applied to study the pure gas adsorption on ZSM-5 zeolites for pure n-butane and butene-1.By combining the DL model with the ideal adsorbed solution theory(IAST),the IAST-DL model was applied to model the butene-1(1)/n-butane(2)binary mixture adsorption on ZSM-5 zeolites with different Si/Al ratios.The calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental data,indicating that the IAST-DL model is effective for the present systems.Finally,the adsorp- tion over a wide range of variables was predicted at low pressure and 300K by the model proposed.It is found that the selectivity of butene-1 over n-butane increases linearly with the decrease of Si/Al ratio.A correlation between the selectivity and Si/Al ratio of the sample was proposed at 300K and p=0.08MPa.

A convenient synthesis of 1,5-diarylpyrazoles from Baylis-Hillman adducts using HY-zeolite

A facile and convenient protocol was developed for the synthesis of 1,5-diarylpyrazoles using Baylis-Hillman adducts in the presence of HY-zeolite as an efficient recyclable heterogeneous catalyst in reasonable reaction times(1.5-2.5 h) and high yields (78-90%).

Studies of Cyclohexane Catalytic Oxidation Processes over Titanium Silicate-1 Zeolite

The catalytic oxidation processes for cyclohexane/H2O2/acetone system over the TS-1 zeolite was studied. Study results have revealed that the cyclohexane conversion was 27% after the reaction proceeded at 100C for 2 hours at a cyclohexane/H2O2 molar ratio of 0.8. The cyclohexanol/cyclohexanone molar ratio was 1.3along with a certain amount of organic acids and esters, the formation of which was closely associated with the oxidation of reaction solvent and deep oxidation of cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol contained in the reaction products. With respect to the catalytic oxidation of cyclohexane/H2O2 system the selection of appropriate solvent was critically important.