Titanium-rich TS-1 zeolite for highly efficient oxidative desulfurization

The exploration of highly efficient catalysts based on nano-sized Ti-rich titanosilicate zeolites with controllable active titanium species is of great importance in zeolite catalytic reactions.Herein,we reported an efficient and facile synthesis of nano-sized Ti-rich TS-1(MFI)zeolites by replacing tetrabutyl orthotitanate(TBOT)with tetrabutyl orthotitanate tetramer(TBOT-tetramer)as the titanium source.The introduced TBOT-tetramer slowed down the zeolite crystallization process,and accordingly balanced the rate of incorporating Ti and the crystal growth and inhibited the massive formation of anatase species.Notably,the prepared Ti-rich TS-1 zeolite sample had a Si/Ti as low as 27.6 in contrast to conventional one with a molar ratio of 40.The TBOT-tetramer endowed the titanosilicate zeolites with enriched active titanium species and enlarged external surface area.It also impeded the formation of anatase species,resulting in superior catalytic behavior toward the oxidative desulfurization of dibenzothiophene compared with the conventional TS-1 zeolite counterpart prepared with TBOT.

The synthetic strategies of hierarchical TS-1 zeolites for the oxidative desulfurization reactions

With the increasingly stringent standards for limiting sulfide content in liquid fuels,oxidative desulfurization(ODS)has become a promising ultra-deep desulfurization process in fuel desulfurization.TS-1 zeolites show great potential as catalysts for ODS reactions,due to its remarkable oxidation activity at low temperatures and pressure.However,the inherent microporous structure of conventional TS-1 zeolites restricts the mass transportation and renders the active sites in the microporous space of TS-1 zeolites inaccessible for bulky aromatic organosulfur compounds.Fabrication of hierarchical TS-1 zeolites by incorporating meso-/macropores into microporous TS-1 zeolites is an effective strategy to improve mass transportability.In recent years,abundant efforts have been dedicated to developing synthetic strategies of hierarchical TS-1 zeolite,thereby improving its catalytic performance in the ODS process.This mini-review addresses the synthetic methods of hierarchical TS-1 catalysts and their catalytic performance in the ODS reactions.In addition,some current problems and prospects of synthesis routes for constructing hierarchical TS-1 catalysts have also been revised.We expect this mini-review to shed light on the more efficient preparation strategies of hierarchical TS-1 zeolites for the ODS process.

多级孔NiMo负载TS-1分子筛催化剂的制备及其加氢脱硫性能

钛硅(TS-1)分子筛的微孔孔道严重限制了其在复杂分子催化转化中的应用,为了克服这一问题,通过酸洗脱、碱刻蚀及二者相结合的方法制备了多级孔TS-1分子筛,并采用等体积共浸渍法制备了相应的NiMo负载型催化剂;使用X射线衍射(XRD)、N2吸附-脱附、吡啶吸附红外光谱(Py-FTIR)、氢气程序升温还原(H_(2)-TPR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和高分辨透射电子显微镜(HR-TEM)等方法对多级孔TS-1分子筛的理化性质进行了表征;以二苯并噻吩(DBT)为探针对催化剂的加氢脱硫(HDS)性能进行了评价。结果表明,和常规TS-1分子筛相比,多级孔TS-1分子筛保持了MFI拓扑结构,比表面积增大且具有介孔结构,分子筛表面形成了适量的Br?nsted酸中心;相应催化剂上活性金属与载体间相互作用得以改善,MoS_(2)片晶长度和堆垛层数适宜,形成了更多的NiMoS活性相;催化剂活性和选择性均有所提升,尤其是酸洗脱获得的NiMo/AT-TS-1催化剂的活性相较未经处理的NiMo/TS-1催化剂提升了1.2倍,直接脱硫(DDS)路径选择性提升了22%。

Optimization of dendritic TS-1/Silica micro–mesoporous composites for efficient hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene

A novel composite material(TD)composed of TS-1 microcrystalline and dendritic mesoporous silica nanospheres(DMSNs)was successfully prepared.The TD composite material had open pore structure and large specific surface area,which was conducive to the mass transfer of reactants and products.The Ti element in TS-1 could be used as an electron assistant,and the spillover d-electrons were conducive to the improvement of the sulfidation and dispersion of MoS_(2),thereby forming more type II MoS_(2) active phases.The incorporation of Ti could bring more Brønsted(B)and Lewis(L)acid,which was conducive to the hydrogenation pathway(HYD)selectivity(41.2%)of dibenzothiophene(DBT)hydrodesulfurization(HDS)and isomerization(ISO)route selectivity(21.9%)of 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene(4,6-DMDBT)HDS,thus improve the HDS activity of DBT and 4,6-DMDBT.NiMo/TD-70(Aging temperature=70℃)had the best HDS activities of DBT(99.0%)and 4,6-DMDBT(93.7%)due to its large open pore structure,good acidity,suitable metal-support interaction(MSI)and perfect dispersion of the metallic active sites.

Rh(OH)_x/TS-1@KCC-1双功能催化剂上一锅反应合成伯酰胺(英文)

在微乳液体系中成功地将花瓣状介孔氧化硅微球(KCC-1)包覆在钛硅分子筛TS-1表面,得到了一种新型微孔/介孔复合核壳结构材料TS-1@KCC-1.详细考察了TS-1@KCC-1的合成条件及可能的形成机理.适宜的合成温度及时间分别为373–393 K和4h.壳层厚度可方便地通过改变硅源正硅酸乙酯和TS-1的比例在25–80 nm间进行调控.以TS-1@KCC-1为载体负载Rh(OH)x后即得到双功能催化材料Rh(OH)x/TS-1@KCC-1,该材料同时具有Ti和Rh(OH)x活性中心,可以高效催化醛、氨水和过氧化氢经一锅串联反应直接制备得到伯酰胺.

TS-1分子筛催化剂的制备和表征

以四丙基氢氧化铵为模板剂,正硅酸乙酯为硅源,钛酸四丁酯为钛源,异丙醇为络合剂,碳酸铵为晶化调节剂,对经典水热法进行改进,制备出形貌规则且粒径约为200 nm的TS-1分子筛,考察晶化时间、正硅酸乙酯水解时间及络合剂种类对骨架Ti含量的影响,并采用XRD、SEM、FTIR和UV-Vis等对合成的样品进行表征。结果表明,当正硅酸乙酯水解2 h和晶化时间3天时,异丙醇的加入可有效阻止TiO_2沉淀的产生,同时加入(NH_4)_2CO_3能够促进钛物种进入TS-1分子筛骨架,提高骨架中的Ti含量。

硅胶微球负载钛硅分子筛TS-1催化剂的制备及对苯氧化合成苯酚的催化性能

将硅胶微球浸渍于钛硅分子筛(TS-1)合成液中,经晶化、焙烧制得负载TS-1分子筛硅胶微球催化剂。用XRD、IR和SEM测试技术对其进行表征,将其用于过氧化氢氧化苯合成苯酚的反应中。结果显示,TS-1分子筛能够很好地负载于硅胶表面,晶化温度160℃,晶化时间72 h,焙烧温度550℃,焙烧时间6 h时,获得的催化剂显示良好的催化性能。在苯和H2O2初始原料量分别为0.5和0.1 mo、l催化剂加入量为8 g、反应温度为60℃条件下,经过3 h的反应,苯的转化率达到10.32%,苯酚选择性达到97.12%。9次重复使用后的苯转化率为9.42%,苯酚选择性为93.14%。

无机方法制TS-1催化剂上的环己酮氨氧化反应

用无机方法合成了钛硅分子筛催化剂TS-1,并优化了TS-1催化环己酮氨氧化反应的条件。结果表明,无机催化剂可以取代有机催化剂。同时,物料比、溶剂以及温度都对氨氧化反应有很大影响。适当调整反应条件,可得到较好的结果。其最优的反应条件为:n(氨)∶n(酮)=2,n(H2O2)∶n(酮)=1.5,溶剂用蒸馏水,n(水)∶n(酮)=7.5,反应温度为74℃。

纳米TS-1分子筛的合成及环己酮肟化反应性能

采用预晶化后补充硅源的合成方法,在模硅物质的量比0.15条件下,合成晶粒尺寸300 nm的TS-1分子筛。考察模板剂用量和预晶化时间对分子筛合成的影响,并采用XRD、SEM、TEM、UV-vis和N2吸附-脱附对分子筛进行表征,通过环己酮肟化反应考察分子筛催化性能。结果表明,相对于传统法合成的TS-1分子筛,采用预晶化补硅法合成的TS-1分子筛具有较大的比表面积和介孔体积,而且其非骨架钛含量减少,能够有效地提高环己酮肟化反应的转化率、选择性和催化剂寿命。

TS-1分子筛在环己酮氨肟化反应中的应用

叙述了TS-1分子筛在环己酮氨肟化反应中的应用研究进展,阐述了国内外对环己酮氨肟化催化剂的研究概况及在工业化应用中所存在的问题,指出了TS-1分子筛在环己酮氨肟化反应中的应用研究主要集中在催化剂合成技术、分离和回收以及降低生产成本等方面。

MTS-1、MTS-2、MTS-3对苯甲醚羟化反应催化性能的研究

愈创木酚在医药、香料工业应用很广泛,主要由木馏油进行分馏或由邻甲氧基苯胺经重氮化和水解而制得,我们选用成本低廉的新型的杂原子沸石分子筛MTS-1、MTS-2、MTS-3为催化剂,进行了苯甲醚羟化制邻甲氧基苯酚(愈创木酚)的研究,首次把杂原子沸石分子筛催化剂拓展应用到苯甲醚羟化制愈创木酚的反应中,取得了较好的效果,为苯甲醚再利用生成愈创木酚的应用开拓了广阔的前景。

Synthesis of 3-(1-Cyclohexenyl)-2-butanone via Environmentally Friendly Catalysts

We substituted several environmentally friendly catalysts which included HY and H- β zeolites, various cation-exchanged β zeolites, and solid-supported ferric chloride for conventional catalysts for the synthesis of 3-(1-cyclohexenyl)-2-butanone from the reaction of ethylidenecyclohexane with acetic anhydride at room temperature. HY zeolite was found to be the most effective for this reaction, and gave the acylated product in a 72% yield under the conditions of n (ethylidenecyclohexane)/ n (acetic anhydride)/ m (HY zeolite)=1 mmol/10 mmol/0 100 g, reaction temperature 25 ℃ and reaction time 2 h. The used HY zeolite can be recovered, regenerated and gave almost the same yield as the fresh one. The lifetime of the HY zeolite is over 80 h. The effect of different factors on the reaction has also been investigated.

Post-treatment of TS-1 with Mixtures of TPAOH and Ammonium Salts and the Catalytic Properties in Propylene Epoxidation

TS-1/SiO_2 extrudate was post-treated with mixed solution of tetrapropyl ammonium hydroxide(TPAOH)and various ammonium salts solution(NH_4F,(NH_4)_3PO_4,(NH_4)_2CO_3,(NH_4)_2SO_4,NH_4CH_3CO_2,NH_4NO_3,NH_4Cl and(NH_4)_2TiF_6).The obtained hierarchical TS-1 catalysts were characterized by many techniques and tested for propylene epoxidation using hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant in a fixed-bed reactor.It was shown that the physicochemical and catalytic properties of the treated TS-1/SiO_2 extrudate depended on the types of ammonium salts added.Compared to the treatment with TPAOH alone,the treatment with a mixed solution of TPAOH and some ammonium salts can greatly improve the catalytic properties of the treated TS-1/SiO_2 extrudate.Some of these ammonium salts were favorable for the incorporation of titanium in the framework,and the beneficial effect depended on the types of ammonium salt.TS-1/SiO_2 extrudate treated with a mixed solution of TPAOH and(NH_4)_3PO_4 exhibited the highest catalyst stability in propylene epoxidation.Such catalytic property can be correlated to high crystallinity,more framework titanium,large specific surface area and large external surface area.

Aromatic compounds-mediated synthesis of anatase-free hierarchical TS-1 zeolite:Exploring design strategies via machine learning and enhanced catalytic performance

Simultaneous achievement of constructing mesopores and eliminating anatase is a long-term pursuit for enhancing the catalytic performance of TS-1.Here,we developed an aromatic compounds-mediated synthesis method to prepare anatase-free and hierarchical TS-1 for olefin epoxidation.A series of hierarchical TS-1 zeolites were prepared by introducing aromatic compounds containing different functional groups via the crystallization process.The formation of intercrystalline mesopores and insertion of titanium into framework were facilitated at different extent.The synergistic coordination of carboxyl and hydroxyl in aromatic compounds with Ti(OH)4 realizes the uniform distribution of titanium species and eliminates the generation of anatase.Noteworthily,eight machine learning models were trained to reveal the mechanism of additive functional groups and preparation conditions on anatase formation and microstructure optimization.The prediction accuracy of most models can reach more than 80%.Benefiting from the larger mesopore volumes(0.37 cm3⋅g−1)and higher content of framework Ti species,TS-DHBDC-48h samples exhibit a higher catalytic performance than other zeolites,giving 1-hexene conversion of 49.3%and 1,2-epoxyhenane selectivity of 99.9%.The paper provides a facile aromatic compounds-mediated synthesis strategy and promotes the application of machine learning toward the design and optimization of new zeolites.

用于异丁烷/1-丁烯烷基化反应的SO4^(2-)/ZrO2/β分子筛复合催化材料的合成

通过原位沉积法制备了SO_4^(2-)/ZrO_2/β分子筛复合材料,并用XRFS、BET、X射线衍射、NH_3-TPD、Hammett指示剂法等技术对复合材料的组成、结构、酸性质进行了研究。结果表明, ZrO_2在β分子筛表面高度分散,使复合材料仍具有较高的比表面积,复合材料还具有超强酸性和较高的强酸中心密度。与β分子筛相比,SO_4^(2-)/ZrO_2/β分子筛复合材料能在较低的异丁烷/1-丁烯烷基化反应温度下,具有较高的高辛烷值目的产物选择性。

碱催化促进Ni-W/β分子筛催化剂氢解纤维素产1,2-丙二醇的研究

为提高纤维素催化氢解产醇类产物中1,2-丙二醇(1,2-PG)的收率,采用等体积浸渍法制备了以β分子筛为载体负载Ni和W的催化剂。结果表明,当7Ni-20W/β分子筛作为催化剂时,在240℃反应温度和6.0 MPa H_2的条件下反应30 min后,纤维素实现完全转化,1,2-PG和乙二醇(EG)产率分别达到19.3%和45.3%;不同于其他载体催化剂,β分子筛可以明显提高1,2-PG选择性。当不同碱催化剂加入到Ni-W/β分子筛催化剂反应体系后,可以进一步提高1,2-PG的选择性。尤其是当加入Ba(OH)_2后,1,2-丙二醇产率从19.3%提高了32.5%。为了探究碱催化剂在反应中的作用,以葡萄糖为底物进行了一系列的碱催化反应。结果表明,碱催化剂主要作用是有助于将葡萄糖异构化为果糖,从而促进纤维素转化为1,2-PG。催化剂在两次回收重复利用之后1,2-PG的收率只下降3.9%,乙二醇产率收率下降4.1%。

LB-16有机硅杂化分子筛催化剂的制备及其在长链烷基苯合成中的应用

长链烷基苯(LAB)是制备合成洗涤剂烷基苯磺酸钠的主要原料,传统上LAB采用无机液体酸(HF)为催化剂将苯和长链烯烃烷基化而制得。在LAB的诸多异构体中,2-LAB因其更高的溶解性和可降解性而更受欢迎。使用低温成胶的策略,以水热合成法合成LB-16有机硅杂化分子筛催化剂,并考察其在LAB合成中的催化性能。结果表明,在反应温度190℃、空速0.2 h-1、苯烯物质的量比15∶1条件下,经过1 000 h催化试验,1-十二烯转化率大于99%,2-LAB选择性51%。LB-16有机硅杂化分子筛催化剂对苯与1-十二烯合成反应具有较好的催化活性和稳定性,同时对2-LAB具有较高的选择性,具有工业化应用前景。

Tailoring Porosity and Titanium Species of TS-1 Zeolites via Organic Base-assisted Sequential Post-treatment

The exploration of high-efficient catalysts based on hierarchical Ti-containing zeolites with optimized active titanium species distribution is of great value in enhancing the epoxidation of bulky olefins. Herein, hierarchical TS-1(MFI) zeolite with an extra-large external surface area(210 m2/g) and highly active octahedral- coordinated Ti species was prepared via organic base-assisted sequential post-treatment. Such a catalyst afforded a high turnover number value(TON, 114) in 1-octene epoxidation reaction, which was over twice than that(53) of the untreated conventional microporous TS-1 parent. According to the detailed characterization results, we revealed the hierarchical porosity construction effect of tetrapropylamonium hydroxide(TPAOH) treatment(first step) and the octahedral-coordinated Ti species fabrication effect of ethylamine(EA) treatment(second step) under hydrothermal condition. Such a facile post-treatment strategy reported in this work may provide guidance for the rational synthesis of TS-1 zeolite with enhanced catalytic activity.

焙烧温度对HZSM-5分子筛催化1-丁烯齐聚性能的影响

考察焙烧温度对HZSM-5分子筛催化剂结构及1-丁烯齐聚性能的影响,采用XRD、SEM和NH3-TPD对催化剂进行表征。结果表明,升高焙烧温度,对HZSM-5分子筛催化剂的晶相和晶粒尺寸没有影响,催化剂中弱酸与强酸的酸强度和酸量均随焙烧温度的升高逐渐减弱。在催化剂晶粒尺寸一定条件下,催化剂酸性对催化剂的齐聚性能有较大影响,焙烧温度500℃时,C5+收率和C10+选择性最佳。

纳米小晶粒EU-1分子筛的合成及其催化裂解反应性能

采用动态水热晶化法合成纳米小晶粒EU-1分子筛,通过在合成体系中加入表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵以及一定量EU-1晶种的方法,动态水热条件下一步得到纳米小晶粒EU-1分子筛。详细研究表面活性剂用量、晶种含量以及转动烘箱转速对合成样品的影响,并在此基础上研究其催化裂解反应性能。结果表明,适当的表面活性剂用量、晶种含量以及转动烘箱转速更有利于纳米小晶粒EU-1分子筛的形成。过多的表面活性剂用量以及过快的转速均不利于分子筛稳定凝胶的形成,使所得样品为无定型硅铝凝胶以及结晶度较低的EU-1分子筛。另外,较高的晶种含量加快了EU-1晶体的形成,进而使所得样品晶粒尺寸较大。与传统静态水热法所得EU-1分子筛样品相比,纳米小晶粒EU-1分子筛表现出更多的介孔含量,而且酸量和酸强度均明显增加。催化裂解反应表明,纳米小晶粒EU-1分子筛具有更高的活性稳定性和低碳烯烃(乙烯和丙烯)收率,有望成为一种新型的工业催化裂解催化剂或添加剂,促进反应过程中低碳烯烃收率的提高。