A new two-step variational model for multiplicative noise removal with applications to texture images

Multiplicative noise removal problems have attracted much attention in recent years.Unlike additive noise,multiplicative noise destroys almost all information of the original image,especially for texture images.Motivated by the TV-Stokes model,we propose a new two-step variational model to denoise the texture images corrupted by multiplicative noise with a good geometry explanation in this paper.In the first step,we convert the multiplicative denoising problem into an additive one by the logarithm transform and propagate the isophote directions in the tangential field smoothing.Once the isophote directions are constructed,an image is restored to fit the constructed directions in the second step.The existence and uniqueness of the solution to the variational problems are proved.In these two steps,we use the gradient descent method and construct finite difference schemes to solve the problems.Especially,the augmented Lagrangian method and the fast Fourier transform are adopted to accelerate the calculation.Experimental results show that the proposed model can remove the multiplicative noise efficiently and protect the texture well.

Temperature-dependent photoluminescence on organic inorganic metal halide perovskite CH_3NH_3Pb I_(3-)Cl_ prepared on ZnO/FTO substrates using a two-step method

Temperature-dependent photoluminescence characteristics of organic-inorganic halide perovskite CH3NH3Pb I3-xClx films prepared using a two-step method on ZnO/FTO substrates were investigated. Surface morphology and absorption characteristics of the films were also studied. Scanning electron microscopy revealed large crystals and substrate coverage. The orthorhombic-to-tetragonal phase transition temperature was-140 K. The films＇ exciton binding energy was 77.6 ± 10.9 meV and the energy of optical phonons was 38.8 ± 2.5 meV. These results suggest that perovskite CH3NH3Pb I（3-x）Clx films have excellent optoelectronic characteristics which further suggests their potential usage in perovskitebased optoelectronic devices.

Applying the Dynamic Two-Step Method to Forecast Remaining Oil Distribution of Lower Series ,Xiaermen Oilfield

The distribution of remaining oil is often described qualitatively. The remaining oil distributed in the whole reservoir is calculated according to the characteristics of the space distribution of the saturation of remaining oil. Logging data are required to accomplish this. However, many such projects cannot be completed. Since the old study of remaining oil distribution could not be quantified efficiently, the ＂dynamic two-step method＂ is presented. Firstly, the water cut of every flow unit in one well at one time is calculated according to the comprehensive water cut of a single well at one time. Secondly, the remaining oil saturation of the flow unit of the well at one time is calculated based on the water cut of the flow unit at a given time. The results show that ＂dynamic two-step method＂ has characteristics of simplicity and convenience, and is especially suitable for the study of remaining oil distribution at high water-cut stage. The distribution of remaining oil presented banding and potato form, remaining oil was relatively concentrated in faultage neighborhood and imperfect well netting position, and the net thickness of the place was great. This proposal can provide an effective way to forecast remaining oil distribution and enhance oil recovery, especially applied at the high water-cut stage.

The convergence ball and error analysis of the two-step Secant method

Under the assumption that the nonlinear operator has Lipschitz continuous divided differences for the first order,we obtain an estimate of the radius of the convergence ball for the two-step secant method.Moreover,we also provide an error estimate that matches the convergence order of the two-step secant method.At last,we give an application of the proposed theorem.

Solution of Nonlinear Integro Differential Equations by Two-Step Adomian Decomposition Method (TSAM)

The Adomian decomposition method (ADM) can be used to solve a wide range of problems and usually gets the solution in a series form. In this paper, we propose two-step Adomian Decomposition Method (TSAM) for nonlinear integro-differential equations that will facilitate the calculations. In this modification, compared to the standard Adomian decomposition method, the size of calculations was reduced. This modification also avoids computing Adomian polynomials. Numerical results are given to show the efficiency and performance of this method.

功能梯度石墨烯增强自旋圆柱壳的振动特性

目的为了研究旋转状态下功能梯度石墨烯增强复合材料(FG-GPLRC)圆柱壳的振动特性,方法基于改进的Halpin-Tsai微观力学模型与复合材料夹杂理论预测多种分布模式下石墨烯增强结构的等效材料属性。同时,考虑由旋转引起的科氏力与离心力作用,采用一阶剪切变形理论对FG-GPLRC自旋圆柱壳的能量表达式进行推导。之后,选取切比雪夫多项式构造位移容许函数,基于Rayleigh-Ritz法对FG-GPLRC自旋圆柱壳的行波振动特性进行分析,得到壳体的动力学微分方程进而求解出行波振动频率。最后,通过与现有文献数据进行对比,验证本文方法的准确性,并分析分层数、转速、石墨烯片的质量分数与分布模式等因素对旋转壳体振动特性的影响。结果石墨烯片分层数为10层时,即可实现对FG-GPLRC自旋圆柱壳振动特性的预测;石墨烯质量分数小于2%时,每增加0.5%,壳体的前后行波频率明显提高;在不同模态下,GPL-X分布模式的壳体行波频率最高,GPL-O分布模式最低,且行波频率随转速的提高而增大;弹性边界条件下,壳体行波振动频率随轴向半波数的增大而增加。结论石墨烯片在GPL-X分布模式下使得FG-GPLRC自旋圆柱壳的等效弹性模量增大,对壳体结构刚度的增强效果最佳,且前后行波频率与壳体转速同步增大。

Arrhenius relationship and two-step scheme in AF hyperdynamics simulation of diffusion of Mg/Zn interface

The accelerating factor （AF） method is a simple and appropriate way to investigate the atomic long-time deep diffusion at solid-solid interface. In the framework of AF hyperdynamics （HD） simulation, the relationship between the diffusion coefficient along the direction of z-axis which is normal to the Mg/Zn interface and temperature was investigated, and the AF＇s impact on the diffusion constant （D0） and activation energy （Q^＊） was studied. Then, two steps were taken to simulate the atomic diffusion process and the formation of new phases： one for acceleration and the other for equilibration. The results show that： the Arrhenius equation works well for the description of Dz with different accelerating factors; the AF has no effect on the diffusion constant Do in the case of no phase transition; and the relationship between Q＊ and Q conforms to Q^＊=Q/A. Then, the new Arrhenius equation for AFHD is successfully constructed as Dz=Doexp[-Q/（ART）]. Meanwhile, the authentic equilibrium conformations at any dynamic moment can only be reproduced by the equilibration simulation of the HD-simulated configurations. Key words： accelerating factor method; Arrhenius equation; two-steps scheme; Mg/Zn interface; hyperdynamic simulation

双功能梯度石墨烯片增强金属-陶瓷基圆柱壳的行波振动分析

采用Halpin-Tsai微观力学模型和传递矩阵方法,开展了旋转态双功能梯度石墨烯片增强复合材料圆柱壳体的行波振动特性研究。描述了金属-陶瓷功能梯度基体和5种石墨烯片分布模式的材料属性,基于Love壳理论和传递矩阵方法,考虑转速影响推导了任一截面状态向量的常微分方程和整体传递矩阵关系。以固支-自由(悬臂)边界条件为主,对动力学微分方程进行求解计算,验证了分析方法的合理性。结果表明:低阶模态以轴向半波数为1和周向模态的振动为主,转速引起的科氏力使行波曲线出现分离现象;行波频率随着石墨烯质量分数的增加而增大,分布模式对振型顺序的影响较小,基体体积分数指数对振动特性的影响较大,而石墨烯片层数对振动特性的影响很小,不同倍频激励对共振特性的影响不同。

机器视觉中摄像机标定Tsai两步法的分析与改进

为提高摄像机标定精度,本文在分析Tsai两步标定法优缺点的基础上,提出了一种新的标定方法。该方法针对面阵CCD摄像机,建立新的综合畸变模型,并运用两步迭代法逐步逼近精确解,取消了Tsai两步法中对摄像机镜头只有径向畸变的限定,可用于多种复杂的镜头畸变情况。改进的方法只使用一平面标定板和单幅图象,操作简便,相比Tsai两步法中无法用平面标定板直接求解全部标定参数而言是一个突破。实验结果表明,改进方法速度快且精度较高,可广泛应用于机器视觉研究、工业三维测量等多个领域的摄像机标定。

轮对在线检测中Tsai异面标定算法研究

基于光截图像测量技术的轮对在线检测中,面阵CCD摄像机拍摄的轮对光截曲线畸变严重,摄像机标定方法和标定精度直接影响轮对检测精度。本文根据非线性畸变成像模型,提出了一种基于移动平面标定板的Tsai异面标定算法。根据径向约束条件和一阶径向畸变公式,利用最小二乘法和Levenberg-Marquardt优化算法标定出摄像机内、外部参数。并根据现场安装位置要求和光截曲线关键点区域分布情况,设计了标定板及其三个安装位置,实现了图像特征点提取和摄像机参数的标定。实验结果表明,Tsai异面标定算法标定精度在0.1 mm以内,满足轮对在线检测对标定精度的要求。

功能梯度石墨烯增强阶梯圆柱壳的振动特性分析

基于Rayleigh-Ritz法分析功能梯度石墨烯增强复合材料(Functionally Graded Graphene Platelets Reinforced Composite,FG-GPLRC)阶梯圆柱壳的振动特性。首先,采用改进的Halpin-Tsai微观力学模型和复合材料夹杂理论,确定FG-GPLRC的等效材料属性。其次,基于微元法思想和1阶剪切变形理论建立每一子段的基本方程。最后,建立Lagrange动力学能量泛函方程,通过Rayleigh-Ritz法求解FG-GPLRC阶梯圆柱壳的固有频率,并验证方法的有效性。研究表明,FG-GPLRC阶梯圆柱壳的固有频率随层数的增加变化趋势减小,石墨烯质量分数和分布模式会影响圆柱壳的固有频率;弹性边界条件下弹簧刚度系数越大,FG-GPLRC阶梯圆柱壳的第一阶固有频率越大。

Hahn-Tsai复合材料的非线性杂交应力有限元方法

成功建立了Hahn-Tsai复合材料模型的非线性杂交应力有限元方程,采用Newton-Raphson迭代法求解结构的非线性位移方程。在迭代过程中,为了提高计算效率可采用简单迭代法由节点位移求解单元应力场。但是,当载荷增加到一定程度以后,非线性应力场由于循环迭代而无法收敛,显然,一般的加速方法不能解决这种循环迭代的发散问题。因此,本文发展了一种确实有效的非线性应力场迭代新方法,在不增加计算工作量的情况下,不仅极大地提高了收敛速度,而且对于较大载荷也能够很好地收敛,从而解决了大载荷下非线性杂交元方法失败的关键问题。数值算例表明该方法是确实可行的。

基于Tsai两步法的视觉点胶系统相机标定方法

相机标定是机器视觉系统应用的一项重要步骤。针对传统标定方法大多使用标定板、而标定板的制作和摆放较为繁杂的问题,提出一种基于Tsai两步法的简易标定方法。提出的方法不需要使用标定板,只需通过平台运动拍摄图标、提取特征点,操作简单,同时该方法通过合理的求解步骤,使用线性计算,避免了非线性计算的复杂过程。实验测试表明所提方法能有效降低标定复杂程度,减少标定时间,精度可达±0.1 mm,满足了视觉点胶系统的工程应用要求。

A Novel Method of Fabricating a Well-Faceted Large-Crystal Diamond Through MPCVD

A novel method was developed to deposit a large crystal diamond with good facets up to 1000 μm on a tungsten substrate using a microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition （MPCVD）. This method consists of two steps, namely single-crystal nucleation and growth. Prior to the fabrication of the well-faceted, large crystal diamond, an investigation was made into the nucleation and growth of the diamond which were affected by the O2 concentration and substrate temperature. Deposited diamond crystals were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and micro-Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that the conditions of single-crystal nucleation were appropriate when the ratio of H2/CH4/O2 was about 200/7.0/2.0, while the sub- strate temperature Ts of 1000℃ to 1050℃ was the appropriate range for single-crystal diamond growth. Under the optimum parameters, a well-faeeted large crystal diamond was obtained.

The Research on Biogas Power Generation by Two Step Method

The paper aims to demonstrate the system of SANYI biogas power generation by two-step method which can produce methane and generate electricity effectively and stably.So it can be stable synchronization meshwork energy source establishment and provide references to develop an effective and stable project of producing methane and generating electricity.

In-depth understanding of ionic liquid assisted perovskite film formation mechanism for two-step perovskite photovoltaics

Ionic liquids(ILs)have been widely applied in the one-step fabrication of perovskite with noticeable enhancement in the device performance.However,in-depth mechanism of ionic-liquid-assisted perovskite film formation is not well understood for also important two-step perovskite fabrication method,with better control of crystallization behavior.In this work,we introduced ionic liquid methylammonium formate(MAFa)into organic salt to produce perovskite film via a two-step method.Systematic investigations on the influence of MAFa on the perovskite thin film formation mechanism were performed.Ionic liquid is shown to assist lowering the perovskite formation enthalpy upon the density functional theory(DFT)calculation,leading to an accelerated crystallization process evidenced by in-situ UV-Vis absorption measurement.A gradient up-down distribution of ionic liquid has been confirmed by timeof-flight SIMS.Importantly,besides the surface passivation,we found the HCOO-can diffuse into the perovskite crystals to fill up the halide vacancies,resulting in significant reduction of trap states.Uniform perovskite films with significantly larger grains and less defect density were prepared with the help of MAFa IL,and the corresponding device efficiency over 23%was obtained by two-step process with remarkably improved stability.This research work provides an efficient strategy to tune the morphology and opto-electronic properties of perovskite materials via ionic-liquid-assisted two-step fabrication method,which is beneficial for upscaling and application of perovskite photovoltaics.

A class of twostep continuity Runge-Kutta methods for solving singular delay differential equations and its convergence

An idea of relaxing the effect of delay when computing the Runge-Kutta stages in the current step and a class of two-step continuity Runge-Kutta methods （TSCRK） is presented. Their construction, their order conditions and their convergence are studied. The two-step continuity Runge-Kutta methods possess good numerical stability properties and higher stage-order, and keep the explicit process of computing the Runge-Kutta stages. The numerical experiments show that the TSCRK methods are efficient.

A Remarkable Chord Iterative Method for Roots of Uncertain Multiplicity

In this note we at first briefly review iterative methods for effectively approaching a root of an unknown multiplicity. We describe a first order, then a second order estimate for the multiplicity index m of the approached root. Next we present a second order, two-step method for iteratively nearing a root of an unknown multiplicity. Subsequently, we introduce a novel chord, or a two- step method, not requiring beforehand knowledge of the multiplicity index m of the sought root, nor requiring higher order derivatives of the equilibrium function, which is quadratically convergent for any , and then reverts to superlinear.

Explicit solutions to some nonlinear physical models by a two-step ansatz

Explicit solutions are derived for some nonlinear physical model equations by using a delicate way of two-step ansatz method.

General Convergence Analysis for Three-step Projection Methods and Applications to Variational Problems

First a general model for a three-step projection method is introduced, and second it has been applied to the approximation solvability of a system of nonlinear variational inequality problems in a Hilbert space setting. Let H be a real Hilbert space and K be a nonempty closed convex subset of H. For arbitrarily chosen initial points x0, y0, z0 ∈ K, compute sequences xn, yn, zn such thatT ： K→ H is a nonlinear mapping onto K. At last three-step models are applied to some variational inequality problems.