‘琯溪蜜柚’砂囊粒化症与采收期的关系

为分析不同采收期对柑橘‘琯溪蜜柚’砂囊粒化症的影响,在同一生产单位选4个不同海拔的丰产植株各1株,分期采集不同成熟度的果实。果样经贮藏后同期测试品质指标。结果表明:(1)低海拔与适时采收果实表现优质,呈高糖、低酸、轻粒化,反之劣质;单果质量随树龄增长显著减轻;(2)自10月15日始果实固酸比TSS/TA>12和TA<1.0%,标志果实成熟;(3)提前采收(10月15日前)较成熟采收(10月15日后)砂囊粒化率GGR极显著加剧;(4)海拔每升100 m,成熟期在理论延时8.4天;(5)提前采收理论上减产5.3%/10 d。平和县‘琯溪蜜柚’平均成熟期为10月中旬,提前采收将极显著加剧常温贮藏果实的砂囊粒化,且须承受减产亏损。

湖北省纽荷尔脐橙果实品质状况的研究

以纽荷尔脐橙为试材,分析了湖北省13个产地果实的常规品质和果皮色差值,结果显示,不同产地纽荷尔脐橙果实品质差异明显。系统聚类结果表明,秭归县、巴东县和兴山县的常规品质聚为第一类,长阳县、郧县、公安县、枝江市和宜都市聚为第二类,而丹江口市、阳新县、通城县、天门市和京山县聚为第三类;就果皮色差值来看,长阳县、郧县、兴山县和宜都市聚为第一类,巴东县、京山县、枝江市、丹江口市、阳新县、公安县、秭归县聚为第二类,天门市和通城县聚为第三类。综合分析常规品质和果皮色差值可以看出,三峡库区的兴山县、秭归县、巴东县纽荷尔脐橙综合品质最好,邻近三峡库区的长阳县、宜都市、枝江市,丹江库区的郧县和卷桥库区的公安县次之,丹江口市、阳新县、京山县,尤其是天门市和通城县的品质表现不如上述各个产地。因此湖北省纽荷尔脐橙应重点集中在三峡库区这一优势区域内优先发展,同时向其邻近的适宜地区辐射,而在其它产地宜选择小气候适宜地区适当发展。

地表覆膜对椪柑果实糖酸品质及矿质元素的影响

以12年生枳砧椪柑为材料,研究地表覆膜对椪柑果实汁胞中糖酸和6种矿质元素含量的影响。结果表明:覆膜处理增加了果实的可溶性固形物(TSS),降低了可滴定酸(TA)含量,明显改善了其品质;叶片中K、Mn含量明显低于对照,P、Ca、Mg的含量则显著高于对照,而Fe的含量没有明显差异;汁胞中元素含量的变化表现出与叶片不一致,覆膜后20 d,汁胞中P、Mg的含量没有明显差异,而K、Ca含量显著低于对照,Fe和Mn的含量明显高于对照;覆膜后40 d,汁胞中P、Mg、Ca、Fe、Mn的含量都明显高于对照,而K含量极显著低于对照。覆膜可能通过影响柑橘汁胞中矿质元素的积累而影响糖酸积累。

优质酿酒杨梅选种指标体系的研究

对浙江仙居地区优质酿酒杨梅选种指标体系的研究表明 ,固酸比 (可溶性固形物 /总酸 )是优质酿酒杨梅选种的一级指标 ,果实的总酸是二级指标 ,成熟时果实的颜色是三级指标 ,此外 ,在颜色满足酿酒需要的条件下 ,成熟时果实的大小也是一个重要的选种指标。荸荠种为该地区最佳酿酒品种 ,其次是东魁、临海早大梅 。

树盘处理对’南丰蜜橘’完熟栽培果实浮皮的影响

本研究以大棚延后栽培的’南丰蜜橘’作为研究材料,结合覆盖材料与保水剂做树盘试验处理,分析不同树盘处理对浮皮程度、果实品质和树盘土壤温湿度的影响。结果表明:在果实成熟的11月,树盘覆盖处理可提升果实可溶性固形物(TSS)、可滴定酸(TA)和维生素C含量,反光膜+保水剂处理提升果实TSS和TA效果显著,分别较对照(CK)高2.30%、0.27%。果实浮皮程度与TSS、TA和维生素C含量负相关;在12月,CK和稻草处理果实TSS、TA含量低,浮皮趋于严重,浮皮程度分别高达1.67级、1.07级,而其他处理果实出现轻度浮皮,均为0.73级。浮皮程度与单果重、果实TA和维生素C含量有很大关联性;在翌年1月,浮皮程度与土壤湿度呈极显著正相关(相关系数为0.879),而TA与土壤湿度呈极显著负相关(相关系数为-0.911)。反光膜+保水剂处理土壤湿度一直处于最高,此时期TA迅速降低,浮皮程度呈加速趋势。因此,土壤湿度越高,浮皮程度越严重,果实的TSS、TA和维生素C含量越低。通过覆盖处理能降低土壤湿度,提升果实TSS、TA和维生素C含量等品质,推迟’南丰蜜橘’果实浮皮的发生,减轻果实浮皮程度。其中,地布覆盖处理防治果实浮皮效果最佳,反光膜、地毯、地布+保水剂处理的效果次之。

Variation of Physiochemical Components of Acid Lime (<i>Citrus aurantifolia</i>Swingle) Fruits at Different Sides of the Tree in Nepal

Acid Lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) is one of the important commercial fruits cultivated from terai to high hill of Nepal. It is an important source of vitamin “C” (ascorbic acid) for human nutrition. Amount of juice, TSS (Total soluble solids), TA (Titrable acid) and vitamin C are the determining factors of quality of acid lime fruits which may vary according to bearing sides of the trees. The main objective of this study is, to determine the variation of fruit quality at different sides of the tree. Total of 15 bearing trees were selected randomly (5 trees per site) from three different agro ecological domain representing terai (1200 m asl) and samples were collected from the selected trees. Randomly ten fruits (from east, west, centre, north and south sides) were collected from each tree and analyzed for amount of vitamin C, TSS, TA and juice. Highest ascorbic acid 79.6 mg and 69.9 mg was observed in south side fruits whereas lowest 62.8 mg and 55.1 mg was observed in centre fruits in the high and mid hills zone respectively, but in terai, highest ascorbic acid 58.7 mg was observed in north side and lowest 41.8 mg was observed in centre. Highest amount of juice 43.9% was observed in south side fruits and lowest 36.6% in centre fruits, but amount of TSS 8.2% and TA 7.2% was observed in south side fruits and lowest 7.3% TSS and 7.0% TA was observed in centre fruits in high hills. In terai highest TSS 8.3% and TA 7.4% was observed in north side fruits and lowest TSS 7.3% and TA 6.7% was observed in centre fruits. Variation of TSS, TA percent and ascorbic acids was observed according to the agro ecological zone.

Study of Fruit Diversity and Selection of Elite Acid Lime (<i>Citrus aurantifolia Swingle</i>) Genotypes in Nepal

Acid lime (Citrus aurantifolia) fruits are cultivated in terai, mid hill and high hill districts of Nepal. It is cross-pollinated crop and has a high variation in fruit characters within the species. Fruit character is the main basis of genotype selection. Study of fruit diversity is of utmost importance to select the elite genotypes for breeding and variety development program. Therefore, total of 620 fruit samples were collected and evaluated in the main production season of the year 2010 and 2011, from 62 bearing trees. Samples were collected from three agro-ecological domains, representing terai, mid hill and high hill areas of eastern Nepal. Elite landraces were selected on the basis of scoring fruit characters. High variation in vitamin C was observed between the terai (57.4 mg) and high hill (72.5 mg) samples. Amount of juice was 36.8% in mid hill and 44.1% in terai samples. Higher percent of juice and total soluble solids (TSS) observed in terai samples but tritable acidity (TA) and vitamin C was low as compare to high hills. There was significantly negative correlation found in fruit weight, fruit diameter, juice percent and seed number, whereas significantly positive correlation was in pulp and vitamin C, with altitude range. Total landraces were separated in five major cluster group. Variation in the level of similarity was observed among the cluster groups. The variability distance of fruit characters was highest in cluster group II (–17.45%) and lowest in cluster group V (58.5%). On the basis of scoring number of fruit characters, total four elite genotypes i.e. LD-49 from mid hills, LD-23 and LT-17 from higher hills and LM-44 from terai were selected for conservation, breeding and variety development purpose.

猕猴桃主栽品种气候品质评价模型构建

为定量化评估气象条件对猕猴桃品质的影响,本研究基于贵州、陕西、浙江、湖南和安徽等地猕猴桃可溶性固形物、总酸含量等品质数据,以及日照、气温、降水等逐日气象观测资料,采用相关性分析、通径分析和回归分析等方法,筛选出影响猕猴桃品质的关键气候因子,构建了中华猕猴桃和美味猕猴桃气候品质评价模型。结果表明:糖分转化期和果实迅速膨大期是猕猴桃品质形成的关键期,该时段的温度、光照是影响猕猴桃品质的主要气候因子;影响中华猕猴桃品质的气候指标主要有成熟前13—15旬的气温日较差(TD_(13-15))、成熟前1—6旬的日照时数(SSH_(1-6))、年气温日较差(TD_y)及果实生育期气温日较差(TD_p);影响美味猕猴桃品质的气候指标主要有成熟前13—18旬最高温度(T_(max13-18))、成熟前1—3旬最高温度(T_(max1-3))、成熟前7—9旬气温日较差(TD_(7-9))、成熟前16—18旬最低温度(T_(min16-18))、成熟前1—6旬平均温度(T_(1-6))、生育期降水量(P_p)及成熟前1—3旬日照时数(SSH_(1-3));对建立的美味猕猴桃和中华猕猴桃气候品质评价模型进行回代检验和预测检验,检验等级与实际等级偏差不超过1个等级的比例均达90%以上,评价模型可客观反映气候条件对猕猴桃品质影响。