AIM To investigate the role of bloodtransfusion in TT viral infection(TTV).METHODS We retrospectively studied serumsamples from 192 transfusion recipients whounderwent cardiovascular surgery and bloodtransfusion betwe...AIM To investigate the role of bloodtransfusion in TT viral infection(TTV).METHODS We retrospectively studied serumsamples from 192 transfusion recipients whounderwent cardiovascular surgery and bloodtransfusion between July 1991 and June 1992.Allpatients had a follow-up every other week for atleast 6 months after transfusion.Eightyrecipients received blood before screeningdonors for hepatitis C antibody(anti-HCV),and112 recipients received screened blood.Recipients with alanine aminotransferase level】2.5 times the upper normal limit were testedfor serological markers for viral hepatitis A,B,C,G,Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus.TTV infection was defined by the positivity forserum TTV DNA using the polymerase chainreaction method.RESULTS Eleven and three patients,whoreceived anti-HCV unscreened and screened'blood,respectively,had serum ALT levels】90 IU/L.Five patients(HCV and TTV:1;HCV,HGV,and TTV:1;TTV:2;and CMV and TTV:1)were positive for TTV DNA,and four of them hadsero-conversion of TTV DNA.CONCLUSION TTV can be transmitted viablood transfusion.Two recipients infected byTTV alone may be associated with the hepatitis.However,whether TTV was the causal agentremains unsettled,and further studies arenecessary to define the role of TTV infection inchronic hepatitis.展开更多
The tracking, telemetry and command （TT＆C） mission is extremely reliable for its characters of small time horizon and high redundancy. The combined forcing and failure biasing （CFFB） method that is usually used f...The tracking, telemetry and command （TT＆C） mission is extremely reliable for its characters of small time horizon and high redundancy. The combined forcing and failure biasing （CFFB） method that is usually used for simulating the unreliability of the highly dependable mission system seems not so efficient for the TT＆C mission. The concept about the importance of failure transition is proposed based on the logical relationship between TT＆C mission and its involved resources. Then, the importance is used for readjusting the transition rate of the failure transition when using the forcing and failure biasing during the simulation. Examples show that the improved CFFB method can evidently increase the occurrence of the TT＆C mission failure event and decrease the sample variance. More redundancy of the TT＆C mission leads to the improved CFFB method more efficient.展开更多
The whole airspace phased array telemetry,track and command(TT&C)system is regarded as the development tendency of next generation TT&C system,and the distribution of the antenna units and the beamforming tech...The whole airspace phased array telemetry,track and command(TT&C)system is regarded as the development tendency of next generation TT&C system,and the distribution of the antenna units and the beamforming technology have sparked wide interest in this field.A method for antenna distribution is proposed based on the linear subarrays technology.A symmetrical truncated cone conformal array is composed of the linear subarrays placed on the generatrix.The impact of truncated cone bottom radius and elevation angle on beamforming are studied and simulated.Simulation results verify the system design.展开更多
With the sharp increase of China＇s in-orbit spacecraft and the constraint TT＆C resources, a mathematical model for optimal TT＆C resource allocation is proposed, and the TT＆C facility remote monitoring function is ...With the sharp increase of China＇s in-orbit spacecraft and the constraint TT＆C resources, a mathematical model for optimal TT＆C resource allocation is proposed, and the TT＆C facility remote monitoring function is designed to achieve the multitask operation pattern under the unified management of the network management center. With this pattern, the TT＆C network management and the spacecraft management are separated, which is quite different from the previous pattern. Further, a novel spacecraft TT＆C technique based on spacecraft control language is developed, and the telecommanding pattern is designed to address the spacecraft operation problems. The engineering application shows that this pattern fundamentally improves the TT＆C network capability, increases the resource efficiency, and satisfies the efficient, accurate, and flexible operation of spacecraft.展开更多
Currently, TT&C of spacecraft is performed by a ground system. Because more and more spacecrafts are launched into orbits, it is difficult for the ground system to meet the TT&C requirements of the spacecrafts...Currently, TT&C of spacecraft is performed by a ground system. Because more and more spacecrafts are launched into orbits, it is difficult for the ground system to meet the TT&C requirements of the spacecrafts. To explore a new, effective and economical TT&C mode is absolutely necessary. A method is proposed to use SGBM mode in TT&C spacecrafts in low earth orbits, here. Firstly, the principle of the mode is discussed; secondly, the system to simulate the mode is designed; thirdly, the relative issues to use the mode are indicated; fourthly, the experimental results (simulation) to apply the mode to TT&C spacecrafts are analyzed; and finally dawn is the main conclusion of the method.展开更多
An interference mitigation for acquisition method,based on both energy center and spectrum symmetry detection,has been proposed as a possible solution to the problem of signal acquisition susceptibility to continuous-...An interference mitigation for acquisition method,based on both energy center and spectrum symmetry detection,has been proposed as a possible solution to the problem of signal acquisition susceptibility to continuous-wave interference(CWI)in unified carrier telemetry,tracking,and command(TT&C)systems.With subcarrier modulation index as a priori condition,the existence of CWI is determined by comparing the energy center with the symmetric center.In the presence of interference,the interference frequency point is assumed and culled;sequentially,the spectral symmetry is used to verify whether the signal acquisition is realized.Theoretical analysis,simulations,and experimental results demonstrate that the method can realize the acquisition of the main carrier target signal with an interference-to-signal ratio of 31 dB,which represents an improvement over the existing continuous-wave interference mitigation for acquisition methods.展开更多
With the rapid increase of number and types of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) and Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) spacecrafts in China, the insufficiency of TT&C resources is exposed.How to improve LEO and MEO TT&C coverage r...With the rapid increase of number and types of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) and Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) spacecrafts in China, the insufficiency of TT&C resources is exposed.How to improve LEO and MEO TT&C coverage rate has become the key problem of TT&C system,which should be resolved urgently. Firstly,the basic concepts of TT&C coverage are discussed and the relation between TT&C coverage of ground station and geography latitude of ground station as well as spacecraft altitude are analyzed. Secondly,the United States NASA TT&C network is taken as an instance to describe the developing process of TT&C network. Finally,in combination with TT&C activities of LEO and MEO spacecrafts in China,the method to heighten TT&C coverage rate is put forward,such as rational establishing station,space resources application,international TT&C cooperation etc.展开更多
文摘AIM To investigate the role of bloodtransfusion in TT viral infection(TTV).METHODS We retrospectively studied serumsamples from 192 transfusion recipients whounderwent cardiovascular surgery and bloodtransfusion between July 1991 and June 1992.Allpatients had a follow-up every other week for atleast 6 months after transfusion.Eightyrecipients received blood before screeningdonors for hepatitis C antibody(anti-HCV),and112 recipients received screened blood.Recipients with alanine aminotransferase level】2.5 times the upper normal limit were testedfor serological markers for viral hepatitis A,B,C,G,Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus.TTV infection was defined by the positivity forserum TTV DNA using the polymerase chainreaction method.RESULTS Eleven and three patients,whoreceived anti-HCV unscreened and screened'blood,respectively,had serum ALT levels】90 IU/L.Five patients(HCV and TTV:1;HCV,HGV,and TTV:1;TTV:2;and CMV and TTV:1)were positive for TTV DNA,and four of them hadsero-conversion of TTV DNA.CONCLUSION TTV can be transmitted viablood transfusion.Two recipients infected byTTV alone may be associated with the hepatitis.However,whether TTV was the causal agentremains unsettled,and further studies arenecessary to define the role of TTV infection inchronic hepatitis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (71071159)
文摘The tracking, telemetry and command （TT＆C） mission is extremely reliable for its characters of small time horizon and high redundancy. The combined forcing and failure biasing （CFFB） method that is usually used for simulating the unreliability of the highly dependable mission system seems not so efficient for the TT＆C mission. The concept about the importance of failure transition is proposed based on the logical relationship between TT＆C mission and its involved resources. Then, the importance is used for readjusting the transition rate of the failure transition when using the forcing and failure biasing during the simulation. Examples show that the improved CFFB method can evidently increase the occurrence of the TT＆C mission failure event and decrease the sample variance. More redundancy of the TT＆C mission leads to the improved CFFB method more efficient.
文摘The whole airspace phased array telemetry,track and command(TT&C)system is regarded as the development tendency of next generation TT&C system,and the distribution of the antenna units and the beamforming technology have sparked wide interest in this field.A method for antenna distribution is proposed based on the linear subarrays technology.A symmetrical truncated cone conformal array is composed of the linear subarrays placed on the generatrix.The impact of truncated cone bottom radius and elevation angle on beamforming are studied and simulated.Simulation results verify the system design.
基金supported by the China Postdotoral Science Foundation (20060401004).
文摘With the sharp increase of China＇s in-orbit spacecraft and the constraint TT＆C resources, a mathematical model for optimal TT＆C resource allocation is proposed, and the TT＆C facility remote monitoring function is designed to achieve the multitask operation pattern under the unified management of the network management center. With this pattern, the TT＆C network management and the spacecraft management are separated, which is quite different from the previous pattern. Further, a novel spacecraft TT＆C technique based on spacecraft control language is developed, and the telecommanding pattern is designed to address the spacecraft operation problems. The engineering application shows that this pattern fundamentally improves the TT＆C network capability, increases the resource efficiency, and satisfies the efficient, accurate, and flexible operation of spacecraft.
文摘Currently, TT&C of spacecraft is performed by a ground system. Because more and more spacecrafts are launched into orbits, it is difficult for the ground system to meet the TT&C requirements of the spacecrafts. To explore a new, effective and economical TT&C mode is absolutely necessary. A method is proposed to use SGBM mode in TT&C spacecrafts in low earth orbits, here. Firstly, the principle of the mode is discussed; secondly, the system to simulate the mode is designed; thirdly, the relative issues to use the mode are indicated; fourthly, the experimental results (simulation) to apply the mode to TT&C spacecrafts are analyzed; and finally dawn is the main conclusion of the method.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61401026)
文摘An interference mitigation for acquisition method,based on both energy center and spectrum symmetry detection,has been proposed as a possible solution to the problem of signal acquisition susceptibility to continuous-wave interference(CWI)in unified carrier telemetry,tracking,and command(TT&C)systems.With subcarrier modulation index as a priori condition,the existence of CWI is determined by comparing the energy center with the symmetric center.In the presence of interference,the interference frequency point is assumed and culled;sequentially,the spectral symmetry is used to verify whether the signal acquisition is realized.Theoretical analysis,simulations,and experimental results demonstrate that the method can realize the acquisition of the main carrier target signal with an interference-to-signal ratio of 31 dB,which represents an improvement over the existing continuous-wave interference mitigation for acquisition methods.
文摘With the rapid increase of number and types of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) and Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) spacecrafts in China, the insufficiency of TT&C resources is exposed.How to improve LEO and MEO TT&C coverage rate has become the key problem of TT&C system,which should be resolved urgently. Firstly,the basic concepts of TT&C coverage are discussed and the relation between TT&C coverage of ground station and geography latitude of ground station as well as spacecraft altitude are analyzed. Secondly,the United States NASA TT&C network is taken as an instance to describe the developing process of TT&C network. Finally,in combination with TT&C activities of LEO and MEO spacecrafts in China,the method to heighten TT&C coverage rate is put forward,such as rational establishing station,space resources application,international TT&C cooperation etc.
