TA18钛合金TIG焊接头组织及耐腐蚀性能研究

采用2B实芯焊丝对12 mm厚的TA18钛合金板进行了TIG焊试验,研究了TA18钛合金TIG焊接头的显微组织,不同腐蚀介质中的电化学和应力腐蚀行为。结果表明:TA18钛合金接头焊缝区域分布大量粗大的柱状晶和少量等轴晶,在盖面、打底及中间填充层存在部分网篮组织;热影响区主要由针状的α’(α’)相、残余α相和β相组成。在3.5%NaCl溶液中进行电化学腐蚀试验,TA18钛合金接头各区域的耐腐蚀性能从高到低为:母材>焊缝>热影响区。比较TA18钛合金接头在大气环境和模拟海水环境中的慢应变速率拉伸应力-应变曲线,表明该接头的力学性能受海水影响不明显,且对海水的应力腐蚀敏感性较低。

缓冲层和保护层对Ta(Ti)/Co/Nb多层膜热稳定性影响

采用磁控溅射法制备底层(BL)/钴(Co)/顶层(CL)三层膜,通过考察Co磁矩(M)与温度(T)的关系,系统分析了不同BL和CL对Co层热稳定性的影响。其中BL和CL分别为非磁性过渡金属钽(Ta)、钛(Ti)和铌(Nb)。研究发现,不同的非磁性底层和顶层材料对Co的热稳定性有着不同的影响,其中Ti作为BL和CL时Co的热稳定性最好。此外,与BL相比,CL在Co层的M-T具有更重要的影响,相同的CL其Co具有类似M-T曲线。实验结果可以解释为非磁性BL和CL与Co之间存在的耦合相互作用。这揭示出在纳米级多层膜中,通常用于促进晶体结构和防止氧化的底部非磁性缓冲层和顶部保护层可能对其相邻的磁性层的磁性能产生影响。

选区激光熔化成形2%TiB_(w)/TA15复合材料的显微组织与性能

本文通过选区激光熔化成形技术(Selective laser melting,SLM)制备原位自生2%(体积分数)TiB_(w)/TA15钛基复合材料,探究激光功率和扫描速率对该复合材料的显微组织和室温/高温力学性能的影响规律,并揭示其强化机理。结果表明:SLM-2%TiB_(w)/TA15复合材料中存在孔隙缺陷,其数量随激光功率的降低和扫描速率的增大而增加。该复合材料基体由一定生长方向的原始柱状β晶和细小层片状α相组成,TiB晶须呈弥散分布;其抗拉强度随激光功率的增大而减小,随扫描速率的增大而增大,最高室温抗拉强度为1337.8 MPa,与SLM-TA15合金相比提高了15.1%;600℃抗拉强度最高值为651.1 MPa,与SLM-TA15合金相比提高了10.1%。复合材料的维氏硬度最高为403.21HV,显著高于SLM-TA15合金(345.3HV)。该复合材料强度提升的主要强化机制为载荷传递强化、热错配强化和细晶强化。

Effect of Ti and Ta content on the oxidation resistance of Co-Ni-based superalloys

Co-Ni-based superalloys are known for their capability to function at elevated temperatures and superior hot corrosion and thermal fatigue resistance.Therefore,these alloys show potential as crucial high-temperature structural materials for aeroengine and gas turbine hot-end components.Our previous work elucidated the influence of Ti and Ta on the high-temperature mechanical properties of alloys.However,the intricate interaction among elements considerably affects the oxidation resistance of alloys.In this paper,Co-35Ni-10Al-2W-5Cr-2Mo-1Nb-xTi-(5−x)Ta alloys(x=1,2,3,4)with varying Ti and Ta contents were designed and compounded,and their oxidation resistance was investigated at the temperature range from 800 to 1000℃.After oxidation at three test conditions,namely,800℃for 200 h,900℃for 200 h,and 1000℃for 50 h,the main structure of the oxide layer of the alloy consisted of spinel,Cr_(2)O_(3),and Al_(2)O_(3)from outside to inside.Oxides consisting of Ta,W,and Mo formed below the Cr_(2)O_(3)layer.The interaction of Ti and Ta imparted the highest oxidation resistance to 3Ti2Ta alloy.Conversely,an excessive amount of Ti or Ta resulted in an adverse effect on the oxidation resistance of the alloys.This study reports the volatilization of W and Mo oxides during the oxidation process of Co-Ni-based cast superalloys with a high Al content for the first time and explains the formation mechanism of holes in the oxide layer.The results provide a basis for gaining insights into the effects of the interaction of alloying elements on the oxidation resistance of the alloys they form.

Plastic deformation behavior of a Cu-10Ta alloy under strong impact loading

In this work,a Cu-10Ta alloy with a copper to tantalum mass ratio of 9:1 is prepared using powder metallurgy technology.Physical properties of the alloy,including density,microstructure,melting point,and constant-volume specific heat,are tested.Via the split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)and flyerplate impact experiments,the relationship between equivalent stress and equivalent plastic strain of the material is studied at temperatures of 298-823 K and under strain rates of 1×10^(-3)-5.2×10^(3)s^(-1),and the Hugoniot relationship at impact pressures of 1.46-17.25 GPa and impact velocities of 108-942 m/s is obtained.Evolution of the Cu-10Ta microstructure that occurs during high-strain-rate impact is analyzed.Results indicate that the Cu-10Ta alloy possesses good thermal stability,and at ambient temperatures of up to 50%its melting point,stress softening of less than 15%of the initial strength is observed.A modified J-C constitutive model is employed to accurately predict the variation of yield strength with strain rate.Under strong impact,the copper phase is identified as the primary source of plastic deformation in the Cu-10Ta alloy,while significant deformation of the high-strength tantalum particles is less pronounced.Furthermore,the longitudinal wave speed D is found to correlate linearly with the particle velocity u upon strong impact.Analysis reveals that the sound speed and spallation strength of the alloy increase with increasing impact pressure.

Investigation and optimization of high-valent Ta-doped SrFeO_(3-δ)as air electrode for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells

To explore highly active and thermomechanical stable air electrodes for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells(ITSOFCs),10mol%Ta5+doped in the B site of strontium ferrite perovskite oxide(SrTa_(0.1)Fe_(0.9)O_(3-δ),STF)is investigated and optimized.The effects of Ta^(5+)doping on structure,transition metal reduction,oxygen nonstoichiometry,thermal expansion,and electrical performance are evaluated systematically.Via 10mol%Ta^(5+)doping,the thermal expansion coefficient(TEC)decreased from 34.1×10^(-6)(SrFeO_(3-δ))to 14.6×10^(-6) K^(-1)(STF),which is near the TEC of electrolyte(13.3×10^(-6) K^(-1) for Sm_(0.2)Ce_(0.8)O_(1.9),SDC),indicates excellent thermomechanical compatibility.At 550-750℃,STF shows superior oxygen vacancy concentrations(0.262 to 0.331),which is critical in the oxygen-reduction reaction(ORR).Oxygen temperature-programmed desorption(O_(2)-TPD)indicated the thermal reduction onset temperature of iron ion is around 420℃,which matched well with the inflection points on the thermos-gravimetric analysis and electrical conductivity curves.At 600℃,the STF electrode shows area-specific resistance(ASR)of 0.152Ω·cm^(2) and peak power density(PPD)of 749 mW·cm^(-2).ORR activity of STF was further improved by introducing 30wt%Sm_(0.2)Ce_(0.8)O_(1.9)(SDC)powder,STF+SDC composite cathode achieving outstanding ASR value of 0.115Ω·cm2 at 600℃,even comparable with benchmark cobalt-containing cathode,Ba_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Co_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)O_(3-δ)(BSCF).Distribution of relaxation time(DRT)analysis revealed that the oxygen surface exchange and bulk diffusion were improved by forming a composite cathode.At 650℃,STF+SDC composite cathode achieving an outstanding PPD of 1117 mW·cm^(-2).The excellent results suggest that STF and STF+SDC are promising air electrodes for IT-SOFCs.

Bonding enhancement of cold rolling TA1 P-Ti/AA6061 composite plates via surface oxidation treatment

TA1 P-Ti/AA6061 composite plate was produced by oxidizing the surface of the titanium plate and adopting a cold roll bonding process.The results revealed that the oxide film(Ti6O)prepared on the surface of TA1 pure titanium was easy to crack during the cold roll bonding,thereby promoting the formation of an effective mechanical interlock at the interface,which can effectively reduce the minimum reduction rate of the composite plates produced by cold rolling of titanium and aluminium plates.Moreover,the composite plate subjected to oxidation treatment exhibited high shear strength,particularly at a 43%reduction rate,achieving a commendable value of 117 MPa.Based on oxidation treatment and different reduction rates,the annealed composite plates at temperatures of 400,450,and 500°C displayed favorable resistance to interface delamination,highlighting their remarkable strength-plasticity compatibility as evidenced by a maximum elongation of 31.845%.

Genetic mutation of Tas2r104/Tas2r105/Tas2r114 cluster leads to a loss of taste perception to denatonium benzoate and cucurbitacin B

Background:Bitter taste receptors(Tas2rs)are generally considered to sense various bitter compounds to escape the intake of toxic substances.Bitter taste receptors have been found to widely express in extraoral tissues and have important physiological functions outside the gustatory system in vivo.Methods:To investigate the physiological functions of the bitter taste receptor cluster Tas2r106/Tas2r104/Tas2r105/Tas2r114 in lingual and extraoral tissues,multiple Tas2rs mutant mice and Gnat3 were produced using CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technique.A mixture containing Cas9 and sgRNA mRNAs for Tas2rs and Gnat3 gene was microinjected into the cytoplasm of the zygotes.Then,T7EN1 assays and sequencing were used to screen genetic mutation at the target sites in founder mice.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)and immunostaining were used to study the expression level of taste signaling cascade and bitter taste receptor in taste buds.Perception to taste substance was also studied using twobottle preference tests.Results:We successfully produced several Tas2rs and Gnat3 mutant mice using the CRISPR/Cas9 technique.Immunostaining results showed that the expression of GNAT3 and PLCB2 was not altered in Tas2rs mutant mice.But qRT-PCR results revealed the changed expression profile of m Tas2rs gene in taste buds of these mutant mice.With two-bottle preference tests,these mutant mice eliminate responses to cycloheximide due to genetic mutation of Tas2r105.In addition,these mutant mice showed a loss of taste perception to quinine dihydrochloride,denatonium benzoate,and cucurbitacin B(CuB).Gnat3-mediated taste receptor and its signal pathway contribute to CuB perception.Conclusions:These findings implied that these mutant mice would be a valuable means to understand the biological functions of TAS2Rs in extraoral tissues and investigate bitter compound-induced responses mediated by these TAS2Rs in many extraoral tissues.

Al对Ti_(70)Zr_(20)Ta_(10)合金力学性能的影响

为了研究Al对固溶处理态Ti_(70)Zr_(20)Ta_(10)合金力学性能的影响,本文利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和万能试验机研究了Ti_(70)Zr_(20)Ta_(10)-xAlx合金的显微组织和室温拉伸性能。结果表明,Al元素固溶到马氏体基体中形成固溶体,几乎不改变固溶态Ti-Zr-Ta合金的晶粒尺寸,Ti-Zr-Ta-Al合金室温下均处于马氏体状态。Al的加入改善了Ti-Zr-Ta合金的力学性能,Ti-Zr-Ta-Al合金室温抗拉强度随Al含量增加而升高,断裂延伸率随Al含量的增加呈先增加后减少的趋势,当Al含量为1.0at%时,Ti-Zr-Ta-Al合金断裂延伸率最大(13.92%)。

Understanding the Pt-like Catalytic Activity of Transition Metal Carbide Ta4C_(3) for I_(3)^(-) Reduction

This paper attempts to understand the Pt-like catalytic activity of transition metal carbide Ta4C_(3) for IRR(I_(3)^(-)reduction reaction)based on the correlation of adsorption energy to d-band center(εd).Ta4C_(3) was prepared by carbothermal reduction method with a template.Its photoelectrochemical properties were investigated as a CE(counter electrode)in DSSC(dye-sensitized solar cell).Its surface electronic structures,including DOS(density of state)andεd,and adsorption energy were computed by first-principle DFT(density functional theory).In TMC(transition metal carbide)Ta4C_(3),the interaction between Ta and C atoms makes the d-band of Ta broaden and results in the downward shift of itsεd.A moderate absorption energy corresponding to theεd is achieved,which is the nature of the Pt-like catalytic activity of Ta4C_(3).Appropriate change of adsorption energy by adjustingεd is a promising strategy to improve catalytic activity.This work is of great significance to the fundamental and application researches.

Ta:后现代女性主义视角下的元宇宙社区

后现代女性主义运动在元宇宙社区中采取了两种话语路径以抵抗男权秩序。第一种路径是通过使用中性的“Ta”话语来实现边缘群体(赛博格、同性恋、双性人等)在主流社会的平等融入。这一路径在元宇宙社区中建立了一个更具包容性和多元性的认知框架和文化秩序。第二种路径是在科学技术层面构建元宇宙社区“Ta”气质概念,以解构“男人/女人”二元不平等的社会秩序。从元宇宙社区主体生存角度来看,“Ta”这一流行语不是一个简单的词汇游戏,而是具有思想史意义上的社会观念革新。然而,尽管后现代女性主义运动在元宇宙社区中通过“Ta”话语努力促进平等和社会观念革新,但其面临的悖论也凸显了在追求变革的道路上所遭遇的困难和挑战,需要不断探索更全面的解决方案。

冷喷涂制备多孔Ta涂层及生物相容性

目的提高生物医用钛合金的生物相容性。方法采用冷喷涂技术在其表面制备了内部多孔且表面粗糙的钽涂层,并对涂层的微观组织、弹性模量、表面粗糙度、孔隙率、相组成等进行表征;通过溶血率实验、动态凝血时间实验、血小板黏附实验和细胞增殖实验等评价其血液相容性。结果涂层表面粗糙度为24.9μm,孔隙率为12.6%,弹性模量为147 GPa。喷涂后涂层相组成为Ta,涂层与基体的结合强度为24 MPa。TC4钛合金基体和钽涂层2种材料均具有优异的红细胞相容性且2种材料表面的动态凝血程度相似,表明在TC4钛合金表面制备钽涂层后,钽涂层不会影响凝血因子的活性。钽涂层具有更好的防止血小板黏附与变形的性能。在细胞增殖实验中,细胞在钽涂层表面的增殖能力略高于TC4钛合金。结论多孔钽涂层的弹性模量相对钽块降低了22%。其生物活性高于TC4钛合金基体。

TA2纯钛薄板微流道液压成形工艺研究

双极板是氢燃料电池的重要部件之一,钛作为金属双极板基材有诸多优势,但钛的成形性能差、回弹较为严重,本文以0.1 mm TA2纯钛薄板微流道液压成形为研究对象,通过试验和有限元模拟相结合的方法研究纯钛微结构变形行为,分析工艺参数对微流道成形质量的影响规律,为液压成形钛双极板提供参考。建立了TA2纯钛薄板微流道液压成形的有限元模型,通过与试验件的轮廓及厚度分布验证有限元模型的准确性;研究了液体压力、加载速率和脉动加载对微流道成形的影响。结果表明,微流道液压成形过程中材料应变路径为平面应变,且上圆角位置最容易破裂;加载速率对微流道成形影响不大,随着加载速率的提高,成形深度略有下降,但是变化不大,仅有3%;脉动加载路径能够提高材料的流动变形能力,在均为临界破裂情况下,相比较线性加载路径成形深度有较高的提高,可达232.2μm,提高幅度为23%。

冷轧和再结晶退火对Ta-2.5W合金组织和力学性能的影响

采用电子束熔炼法制备了Ta-2.5W合金,研究了18.8%、48.5%和75.8%不同冷轧变形量对Ta-2.5W合金显微组织和力学性能的影响,并研究了退火对冷轧Ta-2.5W合金显微组织、性能及织构的影响。结果表明:随着变形量的增加,合金的晶粒不断压扁拉长,变形量75.8%时已经形成明显的纤维组织,合金的硬度和强度随着变形量的增加不断提高,原因是加工硬化。开始变形时合金组织中形成{111}<110>、{111}<121>织构,随着变形量增加,开始出现{100}<110>织构,{111}<121>织构逐渐消失,当变形量达75.8%时主要为{100}<110>织构,只剩下较少的{111}<110>织构;随着退火温度的升高,合金的纤维状组织开始逐渐消失,出现大量的等轴晶粒,发生了再结晶,晶粒尺寸、分布更为均匀,织构强度逐渐降低;1450℃退火保温1 h后,合金再结晶比例达到95.7%,已基本完成再结晶,此时合金中的织构强度大幅降低,约为冷轧态时的50%;退火后合金的强度降低,但塑性显著增加,有利于其后续变形加工。

TA1箔力学性能和断裂行为的尺寸效应

对不同晶粒尺寸的100μm厚TA1箔进行单轴拉伸试验,研究其力学性能和断裂行为的尺寸效应,并构建基于尺寸效应的微尺度本构方程。结果表明,随着晶粒尺寸增大,钛箔的拉伸应力及强度呈现增大的趋势,伸长率先缓慢下降至25%,随后快速降低。拉伸过程中颈缩阶段和平缓阶段不断缩短,除晶粒尺寸为56.88μm的试样外,其余试样断口夹角处于50°~60°,为典型的剪切型断裂。晶粒尺寸超过21.08μm后,断口表面的撕裂棱和韧窝数量不断减少,断裂模式由塑性断裂转变为准解理断裂,晶粒尺寸大于36.14μm后,钛箔基体从HCP-Ti结构转变为FCC-Ti结构,位错密度降低,断口表面出现明显的解理断裂特征,断裂模式完全转变为解理断裂。基于表面层模型构建考虑尺寸效应的本构模型,可精确预测微尺度钛箔拉伸过程中的力学特性。

GO掺杂对TA1钛合金等离子体电解氧化涂层硬度和耐磨性能的影响

本研究在掺杂氧化石墨烯(简称“CO”)的硅酸盐电解液中对TA1钛合金进行等离子体电解氧化处理,旨在获得较高硬度的等离子体电解氧化陶瓷涂层(PEO)。通过表征涂层的物相组成、表面与截面形貌、粗糙度、显微硬度、摩擦因数以及结合力等参数,分析了CO浓度对涂层性能的影响。研究结果表明,CO参与涂层的形成过程,能够有效地减小微孔和裂纹尺寸,表面粗糙度降低。涂层厚度虽然略有降低,但致密性显著增加。与未掺杂GO的PEO涂层相比,当GO掺杂量为0.6g·L^(-1)时掺杂GO的PEO涂层显微硬度提升18.54%,摩擦系数降低84%,临界载荷强度提高32.59%。

氢化辅助Ti-Zr-Ta合金的制备及其性能

Ti-Zr-Ta难熔合金具有优良的力学性能和冲击释能特性,在含能结构材料领域展现出良好的应用前景。Ti-Zr-Ta合金目前主要通过熔炼工艺制备,但其组元均为高熔点金属,熔铸成形的方法难以制备出组织结构均匀的大尺寸部件。基于此,本工作采用氢化脱氢法预先制备Ti-Zr-Ta难熔合金粉末,并利用真空热压工艺烧结成型,在此基础上,对烧结态Ti-Zr-Ta合金的组织结构、力学性能和冲击释能特性进行了研究。结果表明:氢化脱氢法制得的Ti-Zr-Ta合金粉末平均粒径为9.4μm,由BCC1,BCC2,HCP三相组成;在1300℃的烧结温度下制备得到的Ti-Zr-Ta合金密度为7.34 g/cm^(3),基本实现了全致密化,合金主要由BCC1和BCC2两相组成,准静态压缩强度和断裂应变分别为1637 MPa和6.4%,呈脆性断裂特征。在弹道枪实验中,5.6 g烧结态Ti-Zr-Ta合金以1493 m/s的速度击穿靶板后,在27 L密闭靶箱内产生的峰值超压达到0.195 MPa,显示出较为优异的冲击释能特性,其释能主要来源于合金弹丸高速撞击产生细小碎片的氧化反应。

激光选区熔化成形工艺对TA15钛合金内部缺陷与力学性能的影响

利用激光选区熔化(Selective laser melting,SLM)成形技术制备TA15钛合金,通过光学显微镜(Optical microscope,OM)、扫描电镜(Scanning electron microscope,SEM)和室温拉伸等研究了激光功率和扫描速度对SLM成形TA15钛合金内部缺陷与力学性能的影响规律。结果表明:在低激光功率(100~125 W)、高扫描速率(1200~1600 mm/s)区域,激光能量密度较低,合金内部缺陷主要为不规则形状的缺陷;在高激光功率(150~200 W)、低扫描速度(800~1000 mm/s)区域,激光能量密度过高,合金内部缺陷主要为规则球形缺陷。规则球形缺陷的存在会导致合金塑性显著降低、对强度影响较弱;而不规则未熔合缺陷的存在会显著降低合金强度和伸长率。TA15钛合金的最佳工艺参数:激光功率为200 W、激光扫描速度为1600 mm/s时,成形合金拉伸强度为(1291±4.2)MPa,断裂伸长率为(8.5±0.5)%。

热处理对薄壁TA1焊管高频感应焊接接头显微组织和力学性能的影响

首先对壁厚0.4 mm的薄壁TA1焊管进行高频感应焊接,随后,在不同温度下对焊接接头进行5 min的热处理。利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜分析了热处理前后焊接接头的显微组织,并对焊接接头的力学性能进行了测试。结果表明:热处理使TA1焊管焊接接头的显微组织和力学性能发生显著变化,当热处理温度为600℃时,焊接接头发生了完全再结晶,晶粒细小,抗拉强度略有下降,塑性增强,拉伸断口呈典型的韧性断裂特征,这主要是针状马氏体消失和细晶强化所致。

γ’形成元素Ta和Ti含量对镍基高温合金铸态组织的影响

保持镍基高温合金中γ’相形成元素(Ta+Ti)总量3.12at%不变,采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、电子探针、示差扫描量热测试和J MatPro软件对不同Ta/(Ta+Ti)合金的铸态组织进行了研究,分析了一次枝晶间距(λ_(1))、二次枝晶间距(λ_(2))、γ’相平均尺寸和体积分数及元素的偏析行为,探究了合金的固相线温度(TS)、液相线温度(TL)、γ’相固溶温度(Tγ’)及硬度的变化规律。结果表明,γ’相形貌随着Ta/(Ta+Ti)的提高由球形向立方状转变,λ_(1)、λ_(2)、γ’相平均尺寸及体积分数先增大后减小,枝晶间和枝晶干的γ’相尺寸差值减小。随着Ta/(Ta+Ti)的提高,W元素的偏析得到减轻,枝晶干和枝晶间的硬度及平均硬度增加。合金的凝固温度区间随着Ta/(Ta+Ti)的提高而减小,γ’相固溶温度随着Ta/(Ta+Ti)的提高而增大,使得γ’相的稳定性得到增强。