Lycium barbarum residue(LBR),a by-product of L.barbarum processing,is packed with bioactive components and can be potentially utilized as a feed additive in animal husbandry.However,the fundamental understanding of it...Lycium barbarum residue(LBR),a by-product of L.barbarum processing,is packed with bioactive components and can be potentially utilized as a feed additive in animal husbandry.However,the fundamental understanding of its effectiveness on livestock animals is still lacking,particularly in ruminants.To explore the effects of LBR on the growth performance,rumen fermentation parameters,ruminal microbes and metabolites of Tan sheep,sixteen fattening rams(aged 4 mon)were fed a basal diet(CON,n=8)or a basal diet supplemented with 5%LBR(LBR,n=8).The experiment lasted for 70 d,with 10 d adaptation period and 60 d treatment period.The results showed that the LBR enhanced the average daily feed intake,average daily gain(P<0.05),and ruminal total volatile fatty acids(P<0.01)while decreasing ammonia-nitrogen concentration and rumen pH value(P<0.05).Additionally,the LBR improved the relative abundances of Prevotella,Succiniclasticum,Ruminococcus,Coprococcus,Selenomonas,and Butyrivibrio(P<0.05)and reduced the relative abundances of Oscillospira and Succinivibrio(P<0.05).The LBR altered the ruminal metabolome(P<0.01)by increasing the abundances of ruminal metabolites involved in amino acids(e.g.,L-proline,L-phenylalanine,L-lysine,and L-tyrosine),pyrimidine metabolism(e.g.,uridine,uracil,and thymidine),and microbial protein synthesis(e.g.,xanthine and hypoxanthine).In conclusion,LBR had positive effects on the growth rate of Tan sheep as well as on rumen fermentation parameters,rumen microbiome and rumen metabolome.展开更多
We study the nonlinear parabolic equations for travelling wave solutions of Burger’s equations. The purpose of the present work is to study various types of Burger’s equations describing waves and those are based on...We study the nonlinear parabolic equations for travelling wave solutions of Burger’s equations. The purpose of the present work is to study various types of Burger’s equations describing waves and those are based on nonlinear equations. We focus on to describe the analytic solution in the special pattern of travelling wave solutions using tan-cot function method. We discuss about inviscid and viscous version of Burger’s equation for fluid flow and investigate the effects of internal friction of a fluid via Reynolds number. By changing the velocity amplitude, the nature of flows with shock wave and disturbance are observed. For numerical solutions, the Crank-Nicolson scheme is introduced to establish the wave solutions.展开更多
A category of chromium (Cr)-containing fertilizers is represented by the fertilizers deriving from byproducts of tanning process. Their use is widespread because of their good agronomic response due to the high conten...A category of chromium (Cr)-containing fertilizers is represented by the fertilizers deriving from byproducts of tanning process. Their use is widespread because of their good agronomic response due to the high content of slow release or- ganic nitrogen (N) and carbon (C). They do not represent an environmental hazard because only the non-toxic form of Cr(III) is present. Productive processes may involve chemical, enzymatic or thermal hydrolysis. The final product is characterized by different contents of peptides and free amino acids depending on the type of hydrolysis. Legislation concerning Cr-containing fertilizers is controversial because often do not consider any scientific evidences;nevertheless, the European Union, the United States and countries as Italy, do not set the restriction to Cr(III) and generally only the presence of the toxic form, Cr(VI), is limited. Depending on its two main oxidation forms, Cr issue has been studied for many years. Several authors confirmed that Cr(VI) is carcinogenic, while Cr(III) is an essential trace element in human and animal diet. In soil Cr(III) has low mobility, whereas Cr(VI) is highly water soluble. However Cr(VI) in soil is quickly reduced to Cr(III);on the contrary oxidation of Cr(III) to Cr(VI) is rarely possible because particular conditions must occur. Only a very small fraction of Cr in soil is available to plant uptake and its translocation in edible parts is limited because it is immobilized in roots as Cr(III). Therefore risks of environmental pollution using these fertilizers are negligible;on the contrary they have positive environmental and agronomical effects. The aim of this review is to deal with the category of the organic fertilizers containing Cr derived from tannery processes focusing on its chemical, productive, legislative, environmental and agronomical aspects. Special attention is given to the ambiguous issue of Cr briefly summarizing the most important studies of the last forty years.展开更多
Collagen powder hydrolysates were reacted with a solution of commercial mimosa bark tannin extract.The mixture was prepared at ambient temperature and prepared at 80°C to determine what reactions,if any,did occur...Collagen powder hydrolysates were reacted with a solution of commercial mimosa bark tannin extract.The mixture was prepared at ambient temperature and prepared at 80°C to determine what reactions,if any,did occur between the collagen protein through its amino acids and the polyphenolic condensed tannin.The reaction products obtained were analyzed by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight(MALDI ToF)mass spectrometry.Reactions between the two materials did appear to occur,with the formation of a relatively small proportion of covalent and ionic linkages at ambient temperature but a considerable proportion of covalent linkages tannin-protein amino acids and the disappearance of ionic bonds.The linkages between the two materials appeared to be by amination of the phenolic–OHs of the tannin by the amino groups of the non-skeletal side chains of arginine,and by esterification by the–COOH groups of glutamic and aspartic acid of the aliphatic alcohol-OH on the C3 site of the flavonoid units heterocycle of the tannin.The proportion of covalent linkages increases markedly and predominate with increasing temperatures.This tightening of the tannin-protein covalent network formed may be an additional contributing factor both to leather wear resistance and performance as well to leather shrinking when this is subjected to excessive temperatures.展开更多
Objective: To study whether oral psoralen-UV-A (PUVA) with a portable tanning unit at home is as effective as hospital-administered bath PUVA in patients with chronic hand eczema. Design: Open-label randomized control...Objective: To study whether oral psoralen-UV-A (PUVA) with a portable tanning unit at home is as effective as hospital-administered bath PUVA in patients with chronic hand eczema. Design: Open-label randomized controlled trial, with a 10week treatment period and an 8-week follow-up period. Setting: Two university hospital dermatology departments in the Netherlands, specializinginhand eczema. Patients: One hundred fifty-eight patients with moderate to severe chronic hand eczema (more than 1 year induration). Interventions: Oral PUVA using methoxsalen capsules and a simple portable commercial facial tanning unit, or hospital-administered bath PUVA with trioxsalen. Main Outcome Measures: The primary outcome was clinical assessment by a hand eczema score (evaluation of desquamation, erythema, vesiculation, infiltration, fissures, itch, and pain, each on a 4-point scale) after 10 weeks of treatment. The secondary outcome was hand eczema score at 8 weeks of follow-up, after completion of treatment. The tertiary outcome was travel cost and time off work. Results: Both groups showed a comparable and substantial decrease in hand eczema score (meaningful clinical improvement). This decrease was maintained during the follow-up period. Patients treated with oral PUVA at home had lower travel costs and less time off work. Conclusions: Oral PUVA at home has a clinically relevant efficacy, similar to that of hospital-administered bath PUVA. This effect was maintained during an 8-week follow-up period. It resulted in lower travel costs and less time off work.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1300905)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31960672)+3 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,China(2021BEF02020)the Top Discipline Construction Project of Pratacultural Science(NXYLXK2017A01)the Science and Technology Development Project of Jilin Province,China(20200201140JC)the Technology Cooperation High-Tech Industrialization Project of Jilin Province,China and the Chinese Academy of Sciences,(2022SYHZ0020).
文摘Lycium barbarum residue(LBR),a by-product of L.barbarum processing,is packed with bioactive components and can be potentially utilized as a feed additive in animal husbandry.However,the fundamental understanding of its effectiveness on livestock animals is still lacking,particularly in ruminants.To explore the effects of LBR on the growth performance,rumen fermentation parameters,ruminal microbes and metabolites of Tan sheep,sixteen fattening rams(aged 4 mon)were fed a basal diet(CON,n=8)or a basal diet supplemented with 5%LBR(LBR,n=8).The experiment lasted for 70 d,with 10 d adaptation period and 60 d treatment period.The results showed that the LBR enhanced the average daily feed intake,average daily gain(P<0.05),and ruminal total volatile fatty acids(P<0.01)while decreasing ammonia-nitrogen concentration and rumen pH value(P<0.05).Additionally,the LBR improved the relative abundances of Prevotella,Succiniclasticum,Ruminococcus,Coprococcus,Selenomonas,and Butyrivibrio(P<0.05)and reduced the relative abundances of Oscillospira and Succinivibrio(P<0.05).The LBR altered the ruminal metabolome(P<0.01)by increasing the abundances of ruminal metabolites involved in amino acids(e.g.,L-proline,L-phenylalanine,L-lysine,and L-tyrosine),pyrimidine metabolism(e.g.,uridine,uracil,and thymidine),and microbial protein synthesis(e.g.,xanthine and hypoxanthine).In conclusion,LBR had positive effects on the growth rate of Tan sheep as well as on rumen fermentation parameters,rumen microbiome and rumen metabolome.
文摘We study the nonlinear parabolic equations for travelling wave solutions of Burger’s equations. The purpose of the present work is to study various types of Burger’s equations describing waves and those are based on nonlinear equations. We focus on to describe the analytic solution in the special pattern of travelling wave solutions using tan-cot function method. We discuss about inviscid and viscous version of Burger’s equation for fluid flow and investigate the effects of internal friction of a fluid via Reynolds number. By changing the velocity amplitude, the nature of flows with shock wave and disturbance are observed. For numerical solutions, the Crank-Nicolson scheme is introduced to establish the wave solutions.
文摘A category of chromium (Cr)-containing fertilizers is represented by the fertilizers deriving from byproducts of tanning process. Their use is widespread because of their good agronomic response due to the high content of slow release or- ganic nitrogen (N) and carbon (C). They do not represent an environmental hazard because only the non-toxic form of Cr(III) is present. Productive processes may involve chemical, enzymatic or thermal hydrolysis. The final product is characterized by different contents of peptides and free amino acids depending on the type of hydrolysis. Legislation concerning Cr-containing fertilizers is controversial because often do not consider any scientific evidences;nevertheless, the European Union, the United States and countries as Italy, do not set the restriction to Cr(III) and generally only the presence of the toxic form, Cr(VI), is limited. Depending on its two main oxidation forms, Cr issue has been studied for many years. Several authors confirmed that Cr(VI) is carcinogenic, while Cr(III) is an essential trace element in human and animal diet. In soil Cr(III) has low mobility, whereas Cr(VI) is highly water soluble. However Cr(VI) in soil is quickly reduced to Cr(III);on the contrary oxidation of Cr(III) to Cr(VI) is rarely possible because particular conditions must occur. Only a very small fraction of Cr in soil is available to plant uptake and its translocation in edible parts is limited because it is immobilized in roots as Cr(III). Therefore risks of environmental pollution using these fertilizers are negligible;on the contrary they have positive environmental and agronomical effects. The aim of this review is to deal with the category of the organic fertilizers containing Cr derived from tannery processes focusing on its chemical, productive, legislative, environmental and agronomical aspects. Special attention is given to the ambiguous issue of Cr briefly summarizing the most important studies of the last forty years.
文摘Collagen powder hydrolysates were reacted with a solution of commercial mimosa bark tannin extract.The mixture was prepared at ambient temperature and prepared at 80°C to determine what reactions,if any,did occur between the collagen protein through its amino acids and the polyphenolic condensed tannin.The reaction products obtained were analyzed by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight(MALDI ToF)mass spectrometry.Reactions between the two materials did appear to occur,with the formation of a relatively small proportion of covalent and ionic linkages at ambient temperature but a considerable proportion of covalent linkages tannin-protein amino acids and the disappearance of ionic bonds.The linkages between the two materials appeared to be by amination of the phenolic–OHs of the tannin by the amino groups of the non-skeletal side chains of arginine,and by esterification by the–COOH groups of glutamic and aspartic acid of the aliphatic alcohol-OH on the C3 site of the flavonoid units heterocycle of the tannin.The proportion of covalent linkages increases markedly and predominate with increasing temperatures.This tightening of the tannin-protein covalent network formed may be an additional contributing factor both to leather wear resistance and performance as well to leather shrinking when this is subjected to excessive temperatures.
文摘Objective: To study whether oral psoralen-UV-A (PUVA) with a portable tanning unit at home is as effective as hospital-administered bath PUVA in patients with chronic hand eczema. Design: Open-label randomized controlled trial, with a 10week treatment period and an 8-week follow-up period. Setting: Two university hospital dermatology departments in the Netherlands, specializinginhand eczema. Patients: One hundred fifty-eight patients with moderate to severe chronic hand eczema (more than 1 year induration). Interventions: Oral PUVA using methoxsalen capsules and a simple portable commercial facial tanning unit, or hospital-administered bath PUVA with trioxsalen. Main Outcome Measures: The primary outcome was clinical assessment by a hand eczema score (evaluation of desquamation, erythema, vesiculation, infiltration, fissures, itch, and pain, each on a 4-point scale) after 10 weeks of treatment. The secondary outcome was hand eczema score at 8 weeks of follow-up, after completion of treatment. The tertiary outcome was travel cost and time off work. Results: Both groups showed a comparable and substantial decrease in hand eczema score (meaningful clinical improvement). This decrease was maintained during the follow-up period. Patients treated with oral PUVA at home had lower travel costs and less time off work. Conclusions: Oral PUVA at home has a clinically relevant efficacy, similar to that of hospital-administered bath PUVA. This effect was maintained during an 8-week follow-up period. It resulted in lower travel costs and less time off work.
