The Stochastic Finite-Fault Modeling Based on a Dynamic Corner Frequency Simulating of Strong Ground Motion for Earthquake Scenario of North Tabriz Fault

The occurrence of the historical and machine Earthquakes, near to the North Tabriz Fault in NW Iran is an evidence for the seismic activity of this fault, which records a historical earthquake with a magnitude more than 7. Using the existing experimental relations, seismicity, and the fault geometry, a Mw 7.7 earthquake scenario was defined. The stochastic finite-fault modeling based on a dynamic corner frequency shows good agreement with common attenuation patterns. The shake map illustrates that Baghmisheh, Roshtieh, Ellahieh, Valiamr, and Eram region on Tabriz are at high hazard areas, and the maximum acceleration is located at the north direction with the same azimuth similar to fault strike.

Soil Salinity and Alkalinity Map Preparation Based on Spatial Analysis of GIS (Case Study: Tabriz Plain)

Better management of agricultural fields is related to valuable information which can derived from soil salinity and alkalinity maps. These maps are considered as one of the most important factors which restrict plant growth as well as decline crops yield. The objective of this research was preparing of soil salinity and alkalinity maps in Tabriz plain over 50,000 hectares based on different techniques of spatial analysis in GIS software. For this mean, study area was divided in 1500 × 1500 m2 grid cells. Then, geographical coordinate of each grid recorded in UTM system. So, they were transferred into GPS for navigating to the exact excavation location. After soil sampling and transferring to the lab, their EC and PH were measured in saturation extract of soil samples. So, spatial distribution of soil sampling points was prepared in form of point map by GIS software. Generalization of point information to surface was performed using different interpolation algorithms and based on standards of Soil and Water Research Institute. Accuracy of interpolated maps was evaluated due to the MAE and MBE values. The results showed that the lowest observed error is related to the Spline method and therefore, this method was used for spatial modeling of salinity and alkalinity maps in the intended area. The research findings demonstrated that from total of 50,000 hectares, only 3066 hectares were without salinity and alkalinity limitation (6.1%), 9066 hectares had low salinity and alkalinity (18.1%);17,772 hectares had average limitation for salinity and alkalinity (35.6%) and the remaining 20,096 hectares had high and very high limitation for salinity and alkalinity.

Spatial Analysis Applied for Gas Theft Modelling in Tabriz City, Iran

Unauthorized use of energy is the major source of the non-technical losses of the energy in developing countries. Gas theft as a kind of energy theft is an increasing issue in a number of countries particularly in developing countries. This study is an attempt to address the issue of gas theft through the deployment of Geographic Information System (GIS) capabilities (Spatial Analysis) to import external factors into the current gas theft detection methods, improve data mining processes, and offer some management solutions. To achieve the intended goals in the study, two types of data sources were collected and analyzed: internal data such as reported instances of gas theft, and some customer properties, and external data such as some demographic data. In order to analyze and modeling the gas theft and the relationships between variables we used Hotspot analysis, Ordinary Least Squares regression (OLS) and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) analysis with ArcGIS tools. The results from clustering test indicated that the gas theft is not a random phenomenon in all areas of Tabriz and there are underlying factors. Mapping clusters by the hotspot techniques suggested the locations of clusters and areas at risk. The results of the regression analysis illustrated the importance of external factors clearly. According to the results, we recommend a conceptual GIS framework to select high risk areas as a subset data for a meter data analysis. Results of this research are of great importance for GIS based spatial analysis and can be used as base of future researches.

Paleo and New Earthquakes and Evaluation of North Tabriz Fault Displacement in Relation to Recurrence Interval of Destructive Earthquakes

Azerbaijan is one of the most active segments of the Alpine-Himalayan seismic belt and marks the junction between the African-Arabian and Indian plate to the south and Eurasian plate to the north. Several regional earthquakes have been strongly felt and caused damages in and around Tabriz during history. For example, the magnitude 7 to 7.7 Tabriz earthquake in 1780, which is the most strongest experienced one in Lesser Caucasus and east of Turkey and caused severe damage in Azerbaijan territory including Tabriz City. The urban area of Tabriz City lies on Miocene to Quaternary soft sediments （clays, sands, silts, and gravels.） resting on an old Tertiary basement. Previous studies have shown that the thickness of such soft sediments could largely influence the site response in case of an important regional earthquake. The accurate information about historical earthquakes and new faulting is an important tool for viewing the active tectonic and analyzing the earthquake risk and seismic migration. Historical records of earthquakes in Tabriz based on macro and micro seismic observations cover period of 1,000 to 1,400 years. Our study aims at mapping the seismic response of a pilot zone of Tabriz for different earthquake scenarios, a simple but robust.

Evaluation of Liver Function tests （AST ＆ ALT） in Patients with Hepatitis B and C in Tabriz-lran （2013）

Viral hepatitis is among the infections that primarily affect the liver and is one of the main causes of death in the world. Every year, more than one million people worldwide die of viral hepatitis. In recent decades, the number of people with hepatitis B and C has declined in Iran. The purpose of this study was to investigate normal and abnormal liver enzymes （AST, ALT） in patients with chronic hepatitis B and C in a number of public and private laboratories in Tabriz. In the study conducted in 2013, of those who had referred to clinical laboratories for various reasons or who had been reported by centers of infectious or dialysis therapy, a sample of 1,000 patients were identified with hepatitis B and C; 693 people had hepatitis B and 307 people had hepatitis C. On a sample of patients, liver enzymes were evaluated using standard methods. The percentage of women and men in this study were inconsistent with global statistics. However this inconsistency could be justified by the alcohol consumption and an increase in the number of addicted people in society as well as women＇s fear due to some social issues.

Paleo and Modern Stress Regimes of Central North Tabriz Fault, Eastern Azerbaijan Province, NW Iran

The North Tabriz fault is a segmented dextral fault in Northwest Iran, with a history of major destructive earthquakes that have repeatedly destroyed the city of Tabriz（current population 1.6 million）. The quiescence of the fault（last major temblor in 1854） and a lack of outcrop study have hampered stress analysis. Resolution of the stress states on the fault could be used for seismotectonic study along the North Tabriz fault and for understanding the geodynamics of the Arabia-Eurasia collision zone. Using fault-slip data collected from 88 localities in the fault system, we conducted an inversion analysis of this fault-slip data and analysis of the stratigraphic, geometric, and structural information. As a result, we confirmed that transcurrent deformation is prevalent on the North Tabriz fault and adjacent areas and is generally accomplished by predominant NW-SE-trending dextral and NE-SW-trending sinistral faults. Specifically, three separate tectonic episodes are recognised from the stress inversion data, consistent with the geologic data：（i） a post-Cretaceous and pre-Early Miocene compressional（Laramian） stress regime,（ii） an Early Miocene extensional stress regime, and（iii） modern tectonic episode with different local stress regimes（compressional and extensional） along the different segments of this fault.

Serologic survey of cytomegalovirus and rubella virus in Tabriz,Iran

Objective:To determine the prevalence of rubella and cytomegalovirus(CMV)among women in Tabriz City,Iran in 2013.Methods:This study was carried out in numerous laboratories in city of Tabriz.In 2013,26618 women aged 18-35 years were enrolled in this study.Serum samples were analyzed with chemiluminescence apparatus and SPSS software was used to conduct the statistical analysis.Results:A total of 26618 individuals were examined(10598 cases for anti-CMV and 16020 cases for anti-rubella).About 98.9%and 1.1%samples were reported positive and negative for CMV immunoglobulin G(IgG),respectively.The positivity for anti-CMV immunoglobulin M(IgM)antibody was found in 0.75%samples,while 99.25%were negative for the anti-CMV IgM antibody.Anti-IgG against rubella seropositivity was found in 95.8%and rubella IgM seropositivity in 0.93%.Anti-IgG against rubella seronegativity was found in 4.2%and rubella IgM seronegativity in 99.07%.Conclusions:According to the results,primary and secondary infections are usually symptomless or inconspicuous,but they can cause serious fetal damage.Routine antenatal care should therefore include serological testing to check the immune status of the woman and to diagnose any fresh virus infections that may arise.

Prevalence of bacterial agents isolated from clinical cases of bovine mastitis in the dry period and the determination of their antibiotic sensitivity in Tabriz,Iran

Objective:To determine the prevalence of mastitis-causing bacteria in the dry period and its antibiotic sensitivity.Methods:In this study,852 dry cows were examined.A total of 30 cows with clinical mastitis symptoms were detected and their milk samples were collected.In order to purify the bacteria,brain heart infusion and blood agar media were applied and single colonies were used for Gram staining,oxidase and catalase testing,cultivating in O-F medium to determine the genus and species of bacteria.Then,antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by the agar disk diffusion method.Results:The prevalence of isolated bacteria was 2.46%,in which coagulase positive Staphylococcus,coagulase negative Staphylococcus,Streptococcus dysgalactiae,Streptococcus faecalis,Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas,Bacillus and yeast were(9/99)%,(6/66)%,(13/32)%,(3/33%),(6/66)%,(13/32)%,(9/99)%and(6/66)%,respectively.After tests of antibiotic susceptibility,the most and the least sensitivity were reported to enrofloxacin and ampicillin respectively.Conclusions:This study indicated that Streptococcus dysgalactiae is the most commonly isolated bacteria with the greatest sensitivity to enrofloxacin and tetracycline which can be used to treat mastitis in the dry period in Tabriz.

世界遗产地中的手工艺集市初探——以伊朗大不里士集市为例

以世界遗产地中的手工艺集市为研究对象,挖掘手工艺集市在城市文脉、公共空间和生活美学方面的特质,并以伊朗大不里士集市的经验为例,对手工艺集市的保护规划加以解读,为我国未来更好地进行历史街区中手工艺集市的规划设计提供参考与借鉴。

东方造境:波斯细密画中的中国风——以大蒙古《列王纪》为例

伊尔汗国时期,大不里士画派中的细密画展现了浓厚的中国风,尤其是艺术成就最高的手抄本—大蒙古《列王纪》。文章以该手抄本为对象,主要研究了中国风在其中的具体表现及伊朗人打造东方风景画的渠道。研究结果表明,波斯细密画的中国风,并非对中国元素进行了简单的复制和挪用,而是中国文化与伊朗文化(包括琐罗亚斯德教与伊斯兰教信仰下的文化)相互调试后的艺术结果。

15至16世纪伊朗家具装饰品中的宗教角色

本文以伊斯兰教及相关艺术为研究对象,探讨十五世纪家具设计元素。伊朗和伊斯兰教的统治从萨珊时代开始,直到后来形成萨法维王国,伊斯梅尔国王才使得伊朗正式成为了一个伊斯兰国家。在这个时期,艺术和文化逐渐进入伊朗,并被改良成伊朗伊斯兰教的版本。建筑设计受到的关注最多,因为清真寺象征着国家宣扬的相关艺术,如瓷砖、伊斯兰装饰和伊朗元素,这些是与其他穆斯林地区不同的萨法维艺术。这些很明显地反映在国王造办处制作的《列王纪》的微缩图中,是伊朗大不里士市15世纪伊朗家具设计史上最重要的参考史料。

空间-社会视角下大不里士大巴扎的形态发生研究

基于田野与图绘,解读丝路重镇大不里士大巴扎建筑群的形态发生过程中的空间-社会互动逻辑。通过对其空间体系、巴扎(的)人的社会组织以及巴扎生活中的时空边界与身份塑造的分析,揭示了其空间能动性、空间社会体系容变的能力,以及传统与现代的辩证关系。凝练丝路沿线城市形态发生的普遍规律,是保护和传承我国及沿线商贸城市遗产的重要方向。