Tacit Knowledge Mining:The Key Traditional Chinese Medical Inheritance

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is a treasure of traditional Chinese culture and a gift to the world.TCM tacit knowledge refers to the knowledge and experiences formed in the process of learning and practice of TCM.The objective of this study is to discuss the importance of TCM tacit knowledge in the inheritance and education of TCM.As the essence of the TCM,TCM tacit knowledge has the characteristics of massive,complicated,relativistic,highly individualized,constantly innovative,the dependence of cultural background and the regional environment,as well as difficult to explicate.It exists in every aspect of the TCM theory and the process of dialectical treatment.Besides the traditional master‑apprentice,family‑based,school‑based,and inheritance and education methods,together with the inheritance based on the books,images,and network platforms,in the process of TCM modernization,a variety of modern theoretical models and computing techniques have also been used in the mining of the TCM tacit knowledge.In this study,we introduced the usage of SECI model,complexity adaptive system,latent variable model,and some of the data mining technologies in the TCM tacit knowledge mining.An accurate and efficient inheritance of TCM tacit knowledge is the key to maintain the vitality and innovative development of TCM.Under the reasonable application and combination of the traditional education methods,modern mining methods,and further the artificial intelligence,the explicit and inheritance of TCM tacit knowledge will get tremendous development,and it could extremely improve the efficiency and accuracy of the TCM inheritance and the TCM modernization.

CONNECTING INFORMAL NETWORKS TO MANAGEMENT OF TACIT KNOWLEDGE

The relationship between tacit knowledge and informal networks has not been fully explored. Tacit knowledge cannot be well managed directly, because it is deeply embedded in individual actions and experiences. This study proposes an approach to managing informal networks as a new middle way to facilitate the sharing and transferring of tacit knowledge, owing to the fact that tacit knowledge is mostly shared and transferred through informal networks. To support the idea of the approach, an empirical case study of applying the approach to management of a large scientific project is also included. Our findings suggest that informal networks play essential roles for management of tacit knowledge, and thus good management of informal networks can lead to efficient sharing and transferring of tacit knowledge.

Protocol Based Approach for Tacit to Explicit Knowledge Conversion

In the knowledge management domain, the conversion of tacit knowledge to explicit knowledge is critical because it is a prerequisite to the knowledge amplification process wherein knowledge becomes part of an organization＇s knowledge network. Although codified knowledge and its capture is commonplace, tacit knowledge has up until recent years proved elusive in its inclusion within the organization＇s knowledge base. In this paper, the conversion process has been dealt with the help of protocols. It is learned that while structure may significantly improve the tacit to explicit conversion process, it also may matter how the structure is employed. It is anticipated that eventual successful modeling of such knowledge will ultimately be undertaken in several organizations with a view to improving information capture and transference.

Construction and Application of Cloud Computing Model for Reciprocal and Collaborative Knowledge Management

Promoting the co-constructing and sharing of organizational knowledge and improving organizational performance have always been the core research subject of knowledge management.Existing research focuses on the construction of knowledge management systems and knowledge sharing and transfer mechanisms.With the rapid development and application of cloud computing and big data technology,knowledge management is faced with many problems,such as how to combine with the new generation of information technology,how to achieve integration with organizational business processes,and so on.To solve such problems,this paper proposes a reciprocal collaborative knowledge management model(RCKMmodel)based on cloud computing technology,reciprocity theory,and collaboration technology.RCKM model includes project group management and cloud computing technology,which can realize management,finance,communication,and quality assurance of multiple projects and solve the problem of business integration with knowledge management.This paper designs evaluation methods of tacit knowledge and reciprocity preference based on the Bayesian formula and analyzes their effect with simulation data.The methods can provide quantitative support for the integration of knowledge management and business management to realize reciprocity and collaboration in the RCKM model.The research found that RCKM model can fully use cloud computing technology to promote the integration of knowledge management and organizational business,and the evaluation method based on the Bayesian formula can provide relatively accurate data support for the evaluation and selection of project team members.

Experienced College Instructors＇ Personal Epistemology in Teaching Social Studies and Their Perception of Using Technology

Experience includes explicit and tacit knowledge. Explicit knowledge is from a person＇s ＂espoused theory＂ which is what a person believes and claims to follow. Tacit knowledge is from a person＇s ＂theory-in-use＂ which lies behind a person＇s action or behavior. The knowledge of teaching demonstrated in the classroom can be referred to as tacit knowledge or theory-in-use which is often the theory behind the practice of experienced teachers. Freema Elbaz （1983） points out that the ＂experience＂ is referred to as ＂practical knowledge＂, which ＂provides the basis for a conceptualization which sees the teacher as possessing valuable resources＂ （6） and allows teachers to explicitly indicate and tacitly demonstrate their experience in teaching. The purpose of the study is to investigate how experienced college instructors apply their good teaching qualities to teaching social studies. The participants are three experienced college instructors teaching social studies. A concept map and a final reflection are used to elicit experienced instructors＇ personal epistemology in teaching social studies and their perception of technology use in the classroom. Each participant was asked to generate nine good teaching qualities and draw their concept map based on the nine qualities. Their concept maps reflected their theory-in-use and showed the relationship among their teaching qualities by displaying them together in a graphic form and how each teaching quality is connected to another. Participants＇ technology use was also explored to get their perception of the role of technology and their actual use of it in teaching. Then they were asked to validate their concept map data and reflect on their classroom teaching and use of technology. The findings show the three instructors taught under different schema and decided what their means and ends should be and how technology can help facilitate teaching and learning. However, most of them seemed to treat the content （e.g., democracy education） as their ends and thus used pedagogy （e.g., technology） as the means to reach the ends. Their technology use also reflected their perception of technology in teaching and revealed their limited understanding of technology integration, which leads to potential problems.

Social Work in Light of Jane Addams

Classics of literature and science may characteristically be read anew outside their time and interest area, giving birth to new insights, lane Addams is one such classic author. Her writings can be read as classic texts that educate readers in the discipline of social work, among other things. Her impact on the beginnings of modern social work is foundational. She contributed to radical changes on basis of thought, understanding, and practice in the field. Many have read her texts and written about her, resulting in multiple perspectives. The authors will highlight some relevant areas ripe to be re-examined in our time.

Insights From the Philosophical Reception of Michael Polanyi in Italy

Is there a national philosophy?It is hard to answer the question definitively,beyond mainstream philosophical currents and a supposed particular tradition.Beyond an invisible boundary,today,academic research is also defined by its international and interdisciplinary dimension.Although it is possible to argue about certain specificities,the interaction between different national traditions and distant scientific areas can be fruitful(and these parameters are also required in the case of research funding).One can take an example of the reception of Michael Polanyi’s epistemology in Italy,starting from a brief reference to the Italian tradition and its renewed interest thanks to the Italian Thought.Therefore,in this paper,I will try to consider Polanyi’s epistemology through his relations with Italian intellectuals and the dissemination of his writings in Italy.In the end,I will verify the potential contribution of Polanyian personal epistemology in three philosophical and social issues addressed in Italy.