Application of Statistic Analysis on the Selection of Quantitative Characteristics Listed in the DUS Test Guideline of Tagetes L.

[Objective] This paper researched how to use specific approach to select quantitative characteristics which would be listed in the DUS Test Guideline of Tagetes L. [Method] With the aid of statistic analysis, the uniformity, stability and correlation of 14 pre-selected characteristics were analyzed. [Result] The expression of peduncle length of terminal flower had low uniformity within a variety; the expres- sion of main stem thickness was not stable in continuous growing cycles; there were four pairs of quantitative characteristics which are （very） significantly correlated, namely, leaf length and leaf width, diameter of flower head and length of outer ligu- late floret, number of ligulate floret whorls and number of ligulate floret, leaf width and width of terminal leaflet of pinnate leaves. Based on the requirements of char- acteristic selection and the results of statistic analysis, five characteristics including peduncle length of terminal flower, thickness of the main stem, leaf width, length of outer ligulate floret and number of ligulate floret were deleted. [Conclusion] For the first time, this paper introduced the application of statistic analysis on the selection of quantitative characteristics.

Selection of Example Varieties Used in the DUS Test Guideline of Tagetes L.

[Objective] Taking the characteristic of flower diameter of Tagetes L.as an example,this study aimed to select example varieties used in the DUS Test Guideline of Tagetes L.[Method] Two continuous years of measurements of flower diameter of 25 varieties were collected and then analyzed by using the box plot to illustrate the uniformity and stability of flower diameter of each variety.[Result] According to the information of variability,distribution symmetry of measurements and outliers of flower diameter of varieties provided by box plots,variety 16,2 and 4 were selected as the example varieties for the three expression states with respective flower diameter of 3.0-4.4,6.0-7.4 and 9.0-10.4 cm.[Conclusion] The box plot is an efficient method for the general analysis of varieties,which provides information covering the actual and possible expression range,median and outliers of measurements of flower diameter of each variety.It also provides references for selecting example varieties for other quantitative characteristics and evaluating the quality of varieties.

Analysis on the Functions and Properties of the Preliminarily Determined Characteristics Listed in DUS Test Guideline of Tagetes L.

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the functions and properties of the preliminarily determined characteristics listed in DUS test guideline of Tagetes L., and explore the representativeness and comprehensiveness of this group of characteristics in DUS test. [Method] Based on the functions and properties of the characteristics, the described plant part （s）, observation stage, expression pattern and observation method of each characteristic were analyzed to illustrate the representativeness and comprehensiveness of the combination of this group of characteristics in above functions and properties. [Result] As for described plant part（s）, there are 5 characteristics describing plant as a whole, 3 characteristics describing stem, 6 characteristics describing leaf, 23 characteristics describing flower and 1 characteristic describing physiological feature. As for observation stage, there are 1 characteristic needing to be observed in the stage of seedling, 1 characteristic in the stage of beginning of flowering and other 36 characteristics in the stage of fully flowering. As for the expression pattern, there are 10 qualitative characteristics, 9 pseudo-qualitative characteristics and 19 quantitative characteristics. As for the observation method, there are 30 characteristics using VG as the observation method, and 8 characteristics using MS. [Conclusion] In view of the variation and morphological properties of marigold, this group of characteristics are representative and comprehensive, and ensure the accuracy and easiness of DUS test of Tagetes L., thereby achieving the reasonable combination of characteristics in described plant parts, observation stages, expression patterns and observation methods.

Study on Application Technology for Tissue Culture and Propagation of Tagetes patula L.

[ Objective] This study aimed to investigate the tissue culture and propagation technology in Tagetes patu/a L. [ Method] By using tissue culture tech- nology, different mass fractions of 6-BA and NAA were added to MS medium to compare the effect of different culture medium on the rapid propagation of T. patu/a L. [Result] Shoot tips or stem segments of T. patu/a L. were used as explants for tissue culture with an appropriate sterilization time of 8 min; differentiation effect of shoot tips was better than that of stem segments; callus generation rate was high with the high content of growth regulators; MS medium containing O. 1 mg/L NAA and 1.5 rag/L 6-BA was used for subculture proliferation with a subculture period of 4 weeks; rooting rate of plantlet was the maximum （97%） in 1/2MS medium containing 0.2 mg/L NAA, and the root system was relatively developed. [ Conclusion] This study provided technical support for the industrialized seedling breeding of T. patula L.

Chromatographic Analysis of Thiophenes in Calli and Suspension Cultures of Tagets spp.

The thiophene isomer fractions were investigated by TLC （thin layer chromatography） and GLC （gas liquid chromatography）. The TLC analysis revealed that, 5-（4-acetoxy-l-butynyl）-2,2-bithenyl （BBTOAc, Rf 0.78 I）; 5-（3-buten-l-ynyl）-2,2-bithineyl （BBT, Rf 0.39 II） and 2,2,5,2-oc-terthienyl （∝-T, Rf 0.32 III） were detected in extracts of leaf, stem and root calli or suspension cultures of Tagetes erecta and T. patula as well as leaf cell culture of T. patula which treated with DL-tryptophan under light or dark conditions. The GLC quantitative analysis of thiophenes in subjected revealed that the percentage distribution of the major thiophenes in all the analysed samples were determined as follows： BBT II 〉 ∝ -TllI 〉 BBTOAc I. Another thiophene was determined in relatively small amounts and found to be 5-（3-penten-l-ynyl）-2,2-bithienyl （PBT IV）. Other thiophenes were quantitated in trace amounts with unidentified or unknown chemical structure from the investigated extracts.

万寿菊中叶黄素的三种提取方法比较

为了探索万寿菊(Tagetes erecta L.)中叶黄素的提取工艺,采用水浴加热法、超声波法、微波法3种方法从万寿菊中提取叶黄素,并以叶黄素得率作为标准,确定最优提取方法。结果表明,超声波法提取叶黄素明显优于其他2种方法,含量可达到21.91 mg/g。利用超声波法进行叶黄素的提取,可以大大提高提取效率。

基于ITS序列对万寿菊叶斑病病原菌的分子鉴定

采用改良的CTAB法提取万寿菊(Tagetes erecta L.)叶斑病病原菌总DNA,以ITS1和ITS4为引物扩增病原菌的ITS片段,PCR扩增产物纯化后测序并与数据库中的已知序列进行BLAST比对,构建分子系统发育树,对该病原菌进行分子鉴定。结果显示分离的万寿菊叶斑病病原菌ITS序列与GenBank中万寿菊链格孢(Alternaria tagetica)AF267134的ITS序列相似度为99%,在分子系统发育树上与万寿菊链格孢菌株聚为一支,结合形态特征确定分离的万寿菊叶斑病病原菌为万寿菊链格孢。

种植密度对万寿菊生物学及产量性状的影响

为探讨黑龙江中部地区万寿菊合理栽培密度及群体活动,进行了种植密度与万寿菊植株生物学性状和总产量关系的研究,结果表明,不同密度下,寒地万寿菊株高、茎粗、株冠直径和干物质积累均存在差异,且总产量差异显著,最适宜的种植密度为4.05～4.5万株/hm2。

不同栽培方式和营养液磷钾水平对万寿菊生长和开花的影响

为了探讨万寿菊对静止水培的适应性以及营养液不同磷、钾水平对其生长和开花的影响,本研究以常规基质培为对照,设置了不同磷、钾浓度的营养液静止水培万寿菊。结果表明:万寿菊在供试的4种营养液配方中静置水培均能正常生长,整株生物量、植株氮磷钾含量、根活力和开花数目均显著优于基质栽培;静止水培时,提高钾浓度或同时提高磷、钾浓度,能促进根系的生长,使万寿菊开花一致,且花朵直径较大。

施钾对万寿菊生物学性状及产量的影响

以美国杂交种F1代万寿菊为试材,研究了0、22.5、45.0、67.5、90.0、112.5kg/hm2 6种钾肥水平对万寿菊生物学性状及产量的影响。结果表明:随着钾肥施用量的增加,万寿菊开花期提前,株高、茎粗、株冠直径、分枝数目、单株干重和叶黄素含量都呈现先升后降的趋势;在K2纯钾施用量22.5kg/hm2处理下,鲜花产量和叶黄素产量达到最高。在该试验条件下,寒地万寿菊种植合理的施钾量为K2O 22.5kg/hm2,鲜花产量最高,可达26.39t/hm2。

不同液肥对万寿菊生物量的影响

采用不同浓度的液态肥（根宝和根动力）对万寿菊进行浇灌,对其地上地下生物量的测定比较。结果表明：根宝处理好于根动力处理,根宝施用浓度稀释1 500~2 500倍,能使根冠比明显增大,提高栽培质量。

万寿菊花中叶黄素提取工艺的优化

为了研究采用ASE-100加速溶剂萃取仪提取万寿菊(Tagetes erecta L.)花中叶黄素的最佳工艺条件,采用五因素五水平正交试验提取叶黄素,用高效液相色谱法测定皂化后的叶黄素产量。用ASE-100加速溶剂萃取仪提取叶黄素的最佳试验参数为提取温度80℃、料液比1∶30(m/V,g∶mL)、静态萃取时间10 min、静态周期数3、冲洗体积70%。

不同氮肥处理对万寿菊生物学性状及产量影响

为探讨氮肥对万寿菊生长发育及鲜花产量和叶黄素含量的影响,研究寒地万寿菊适宜的施氮量。采用随机区组设计,在磷、钾肥施用量不变的情况下,对比6个氮肥水平对万寿菊生物学性状及产量影响。随着氮肥施用量的增加,万寿花开花延迟,株高、茎粗、株冠直径、分枝数目、单株干重和叶绿素含量都呈现先升后降的趋势;在N3处理下,鲜花产量、叶黄素含量和产量达到最高,各处理间差异极显著。在本试验条件下,寒地万寿菊种植合理的施氮量为90kg/hm2,此时鲜花产量最高可达24.11t/hm2。

Phytochemicals and Their Biological Activities of Plants in Tagetes L.

Tagetes L.,the genus in the family Asteraceae,consists of about 30 species spread in South and Middle America as well as Mexico.More than one hundred secondary metabolites have been obtained in phytochemical investigation on the species,some of which have potent biological activities.The advances in phytochemical studies and biological activities of the plants in Tagetes L.from 1925 to 2011 are summarized in this paper.

园林绿化废弃物混合基质栽植孔雀草配比试验初报

园林废弃物混合基质与黄土、蛭石、复合肥等混合进行后,测定各配比理化性状,定期测量并分析各配比对孔雀草(Tagetes patula L.)生长性状与开花性状的影响。结果表明:混合基质能明显改善土壤理化性状,能代替谷壳灰作为草花生产的重要基质,随着混合基质比例、排水介质以及施肥水平的增加,配比植株生长性状、开花性状明显增强,其中T7(基质∶黄土∶蛭石∶复合肥=3∶4.8∶2∶0.2)性状最好,可作为孔雀草栽培的优良基质。

万寿菊玉米黄质环氧化酶TeZEP基因片段的克隆及分析

为了研究万寿菊中玉米黄质生物合成途径的关键酶基因,首先根据不同物种的ZEP基因进行序列比对找到保守区域设计简并引物,然后利用RT-PCR方法,以万寿菊花瓣总RNA为模板克隆万寿菊ZEP基因cDNA的片段,并进行序列分析。结果表明,万寿菊ZEP基因片段长度为1 058 bp,编码352个氨基酸残基,其序列与其他植物ZEP基因同源性最大为92%;其翻译产物属于亲水性蛋白;且结构域预测结果发现TeZEP基因编码的氨基酸序列含有一个NADB_Rossmann超家族和玉米黄质环氧化酶的特征性结构黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸(FAD)结合位点。本研究成功克隆了万寿菊玉米黄质环氧化酶TeZEP基因片段并对其进行了序列分析,这为进一步研究该基因功能提供了依据,也为构建转基因植物和沉默基因植株以提高玉米黄质合成量提供了一定的参考。

盐胁迫对孔雀草愈伤组织及其再生植株的耐盐机制的响应研究

为了研究NaCl胁迫对孔雀草愈伤组织及其再生植株的生长、渗透调节物质及抗氧化酶活性(SOD,POD, CAT)的影响,本文以孔雀草愈伤组织及其再生植株为试验材料,在MS培养基中附加不同浓度NaCl进行处理,对比分析盐胁迫下脱分化(愈伤组织)及分化(再生植株)两个发育阶段中孔雀草愈伤组织及再生植株的生长发育及生理适应特点,阐明孔雀草不同分化阶段中耐盐生理响应的变化。结果表明:盐胁迫下孔雀草愈伤组织及再生植株的相对生长量降低;可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量升高;MDA含量、SOD活性、CAT活性和POD活性显著增高,表明孔雀草愈伤组织及其再生植株是通过增加渗透调节物质和保护酶活性,来缓解氧化损伤以适应NaCl的胁迫。孔雀草脯氨酸及可溶性糖含量,分化阶段高于脱分化阶段;可溶性蛋白,脱分化阶段高于分化阶段。盐胁迫下,相对于分化阶段,处于脱分化阶段的孔雀草耐盐适应性较弱,对盐胁迫更敏感,再生植株是评价植物耐盐适应性的理想材料。