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The Impact and Intervention of Handheld Tai Chi Water-Resistance Fitness Ball on Middle-Aged and Elderly Patients with Parkinson’s Disease
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作者 He Huang 《Health》 2024年第4期319-349,共31页
Through the use of a survey and statistical methods, this study explores the effects and interventions of handheld Tai Chi water resistance fitness balls on the elderly with Parkinson’s disease. Firstly, a questionna... Through the use of a survey and statistical methods, this study explores the effects and interventions of handheld Tai Chi water resistance fitness balls on the elderly with Parkinson’s disease. Firstly, a questionnaire on exercise compliance for patients with Parkinson’s disease was developed, and its reliability and validity were tested. Then, a survey was conducted to investigate the current status of exercise compliance among Parkinson’s disease patients, including general information, scoring status, and single and multiple factor analyses of influencing factors [1]. The results of the study show that through qualitative research, the dimensions and item pools of the questionnaire were initially constructed, and the reliability analysis of the questionnaire was conducted through Delphi expert consultation, with favorable results in terms of its reliability and validity [2]. Regarding the current status of exercise compliance among Parkinson’s disease patients, the study found that the level of exercise compliance needs improvement, and there are significant differences in exercise compliance levels among patients under different circumstances. Finally, the research results were discussed and conclusions were drawn. The innovation of this study lies in the development of a questionnaire on exercise compliance for patients with Parkinson’s disease and the preliminary qualitative research and Delphi expert consultation conducted on it, providing new ideas and methods for the study of exercise compliance. However, the study also has limitations as it did not examine the effects of other interventions on Parkinson’s disease, so further research should be conducted [3]. 展开更多
关键词 Parkinson’s Disease Exercise Compliance tai Chi Water Resistance Fitness Ball Influencing Factors Intervention Effectiveness
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Dialectical Thermodynamics’Solution to the Conceptual Imbroglio That Is the Reversible Path
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作者 José C. Íñiguez 《Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology》 CAS 2024年第2期775-799,共25页
According to the second law of thermodynamics, as currently understood, any given transit of a system along the reversible path proceeds with a total entropy change equal to zero. The fact that this condition is also ... According to the second law of thermodynamics, as currently understood, any given transit of a system along the reversible path proceeds with a total entropy change equal to zero. The fact that this condition is also the identifier of thermodynamic equilibrium, makes each and every point along the reversible path a state of equilibrium, and the reversible path, as expressed by a noted thermodynamic author, “a dense succession of equilibrium states”. The difficulties with these notions are plural. The fact, for example, that systems need to be forced out of equilibrium via the expenditure of work, would make any spontaneous reversible process a consumer of work, this in opposition to common thermodynamic wisdom that makes spontaneous reversible processes the most efficient transformers of work-producing-potential into actual work. The solution to this and other related impasses is provided by Dialectical Thermodynamics via its previously proved notion assigning a negative entropy change to the energy upgrading process represented by the transformation of heat into work. The said solution is here exemplified with the ideal-gas phase isomerization of butane into isobutane. 展开更多
关键词 Thermodynamic Reversibility Solution to Inconsistencies dialectical Thermodynamics
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Effects of Tai Chi in diabetes patients: Insights from recent research
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作者 Hidetaka Hamasaki 《World Journal of Diabetes》 SCIE 2024年第1期1-10,共10页
Tai Chi,a practice that combines elements of both exercise and mindfulness,offers a wide range of health benefits.The body of evidence concerning the impact of Tai Chi on diabetes has recently been growing.This editor... Tai Chi,a practice that combines elements of both exercise and mindfulness,offers a wide range of health benefits.The body of evidence concerning the impact of Tai Chi on diabetes has recently been growing.This editorial aims to provide a concise summary of the current state of evidence for Tai Chi's effects on individuals with type 2 diabetes(T2D).The review includes 3 randomized controlled trials(RCTs)and 5 systematic reviews and meta-analyses,all of which investigate the effectiveness of Tai Chi on various health outcomes in individuals with T2D.Tai Chi demonstrates a significant effect to enhance glycemic control,lower blood pressure,improve serum lipid profiles,reduce insulin resistance,positively influence obesity-related indices,and improve overall quality of life in individuals with T2D.However,it is noteworthy that recent RCTs have reported inconsistent findings regarding the effects of Tai Chi on glycemic control and insulin resistance.The author also delves into potential mechanisms by which Tai Chi may exert its influence on the human body.Finally,the editorial highlights the critical issues that warrant further exploration in the future. 展开更多
关键词 Type 2 diabetes tai Chi EXERCISE Mind-body exercise Chinese traditional exercise Randomized controlled trial Systematic review and meta-analysis
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Reevaluation of dialect boundaries in the Yellowhammer(Emberiza citrinella)based on citizen science data:Should we split or lump?
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作者 Lucie Diblíkova Pavel Pipek +2 位作者 Stanislav Vosolsobe Adam Petrusek Tereza Petruskova 《Avian Research》 SCIE CSCD 2023年第3期361-368,共8页
Dialects are a specific form of geographic variation of birdsong with relatively sharp boundaries between distinct song characteristics,which provide opportunities for focused studies of processes underlying the emerg... Dialects are a specific form of geographic variation of birdsong with relatively sharp boundaries between distinct song characteristics,which provide opportunities for focused studies of processes underlying the emergence of spatial patterns in vocalization.Several songbird species that exhibit dialects became models for such research,and for some of them large-scale datasets were assembled that included recordings provided by the public.Among them,the Yellowhammer(Emberiza citrinella,Emberizidae) is particularly prominent,as it has been recently a subject of dedicated citizen science projects focusing on its dialect distribution.The most successful,in terms of public participation as well as the number and density of obtained recordings,was the Dialects of Czech Yellowhammers(DCY) project,which assembled detailed data at the whole-country level.A mosaic of almost all common song variants known across Europe was observed in Czechia,but the results indicated that some of the traditionally recognized Yellowhammer dialects may not represent geographically clustered song variants,at least not in Central Europe.We quantitatively analysed variation(frequency and temporal characteristics and modulation) of the terminal song element in three dialects defined by arbitrary frequency thresholds in DCY.Multivariate analyses indicated that pooling these to two distinct groups reflects the variation in the songs,as well as their spatial distribution,better than retaining the current classification to three dialects or their finer splitting to even more categories.We provide simple measures that may be used for classification of these Yellowhammer song variants in Central Europe.However,we warn from indiscriminate transposing of results from one region to another,as that may lead to substantial biases.Future studies of birdsong variation will benefit from big data assembled by citizen scientists,but to maximise their usefulness for further dialect research,careful delineation of dialect boundaries is essential. 展开更多
关键词 BIRDSONG Geographic variation BIOACOUSTICS dialectS Public participation
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The Inheritance and Protection of Taizhou Dialect Proverbs from the Perspective of Cultural Ecology
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作者 Xiaoguang Yao 《Journal of Sociology Study》 2022年第1期17-21,共5页
Dialect contains rich cultural connotation,represents valuable regional cultural spirit,and therefore has strong living fossil value.In terms of how to protect and inherit dialect proverbs,cultural ecology is undoubte... Dialect contains rich cultural connotation,represents valuable regional cultural spirit,and therefore has strong living fossil value.In terms of how to protect and inherit dialect proverbs,cultural ecology is undoubtedly a valuable research perspective,whose theory focuses on the three-fold relationships between man and nature,man and society,and man and man.Based on the principles of cultural ecology,this paper probes into the potential threats to Taizhou dialect proverbs,explores the reasons for their decline,and highlights the need for an ecological protection approach. 展开更多
关键词 dialect dialect proverb cultural ecology
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Local and range-wide distribution of song types suggest Ovenbirds(Seiurus aurocapilla)have song neighborhoods but not macro-dialects
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作者 Patrick M.Jagielski Jennifer R.Foote 《Avian Research》 SCIE CSCD 2023年第2期191-199,共9页
The song systems of oscine passerines(songbirds)are complex and diverse.Because songs are used for both mate attraction and territory defense and are therefore important signals for survival and reproduction,comprehen... The song systems of oscine passerines(songbirds)are complex and diverse.Because songs are used for both mate attraction and territory defense and are therefore important signals for survival and reproduction,comprehensive knowledge of within and among species song structure and distribution is informative for understanding the evolution of song repertoires and vocal behaviour.In this study,we explored variation in the song structure of the Ovenbird(Seiurus aurocapilla),a widespread warbler(Family Parulidae)found in North American forests.We analyzed recordings from the 2021 breeding season to assess song type variation at a local(n=158 birds;Sault Ste.Marie,ON)and breeding range scale(n=512 birds;eBird).We characterized the local song types and tested whether Ovenbirds share song types with their neighbors more often than expected by chance.We then characterized song types of Ovenbirds across the breeding range to determine whether any geographic pattern of song clustering exists(i.e.,macro-dialects).We found 10 distinct song types and some evidence for song type clustering at the local study site(i.e.,song neighborhoods).We found 7 of those 10 song types throughout the breeding range and identified an additional 24 types that were not recorded in our local population.We found no evidence for song dialects across the Ovenbird breeding range.This study contributes to our understanding of Ovenbird song while simultaneously adding to our understanding of geographic structuring of warbler repertoires.Our work contributes to delineating a more comprehensive understanding of factors affecting dialect development for this diverse group of songbirds. 展开更多
关键词 dialectS eBird Geographic variation Ovenbird Parulidae Seiurus aurocapilla Song type
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Exploration of the Construction of the National Scenic Byway around Mount Tai
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作者 WEI Yungang LIU Xiaoqiang 《Journal of Landscape Research》 2023年第6期7-12,19,共7页
On the basis of traffic,scenic byways can meet tourists’tourism and leisure,catering,accommodation,social,activities,resource protection and so on.In this paper,the concept,functions,characteristics and domestic and ... On the basis of traffic,scenic byways can meet tourists’tourism and leisure,catering,accommodation,social,activities,resource protection and so on.In this paper,the concept,functions,characteristics and domestic and foreign research situation of scenic byways were summarized,and the necessity and feasibility of the construction of the national scenic byway around Mount Tai were analyzed.Besides,the route selection,function orientation,construction of supporting facilities,marketing management and construction projects were discussed.Finally,it is pointed out that the construction experience of the national scenic byway around Mount Tai will be used for the construction of national scenic byways in other provinces and autonomous regions,and the national scenic byway around Mount Tai and other national scenic byways will be connected to form the national scenic byway network.It is proposed that relevant departments of the state should formulate national standards,laws and regulations for scenic byways to regulate the construction and development of scenic byways. 展开更多
关键词 Mount tai National scenic byway CONSTRUCTION
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Mount Taishan:The Supreme of the Five Sacred Mountains
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作者 MENG JIAXIN 《China Today》 2023年第3期76-80,共5页
MOUNT Taishan is one of the spiritual symbols of Chinese civilization,and an imperial,ritual place where emperors once paid homage to heaven and earth.Located in the central part of east China’s Shandong Province,Mou... MOUNT Taishan is one of the spiritual symbols of Chinese civilization,and an imperial,ritual place where emperors once paid homage to heaven and earth.Located in the central part of east China’s Shandong Province,Mount Taishan stretches more than 200 kilometers from east to west and 50 kilometers from north to south,with a total area of about 426 square kilometers and a maximum altitude of 1,545 meters.In ancient times. 展开更多
关键词 MOUNT tai ALTITUDE
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On the Phonology Characteristics of Leizhou Dialect in Malaysia
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作者 Limao Chen 《Open Journal of Applied Sciences》 2023年第9期1619-1625,共7页
Based on first-hand materials obtained from field investigations in Malaysia, the results show that: firstly, there are 17 initials in the Leizhou dialect of Malaysia, including the implosives initial and the [f] init... Based on first-hand materials obtained from field investigations in Malaysia, the results show that: firstly, there are 17 initials in the Leizhou dialect of Malaysia, including the implosives initial and the [f] initial. The pronunciation of Leizhou dialect in China is already rare, some of which are retained in the Leizhou dialect of Malaysia. Its initial consonant is borrowed from local Hua Yu or other Chinese dialects. Secondly, the Leizhou dialect of Malaysia has 46 finals. The pronunciation and timbre of some of its vowels are similar to the Yue dialect of Malaysia [&#592] main vowel. Thirdly, there are 8 monosyllabic tones in the Leizhou dialect of Malaysia. The pronunciation and tone of some of its characters are similar to the Xia Yin entering tone of Yue dialect of Malaysia. 展开更多
关键词 MALAYSIA Leizhou dialect Min dialect PHONOLOGY Leizhou Peninsula
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The Immortal Taibai Mountain
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作者 MENG JIAXIN 《China Today》 2023年第4期76-80,共5页
The majestic Taibai Mountain boasts nature’s magic and wisdom, and has been known as the“Immortal Mountain”since ancient times.THE Taibai Mountain in Baoji,Shaanxi Province, is a range of major mountain peaks in th... The majestic Taibai Mountain boasts nature’s magic and wisdom, and has been known as the“Immortal Mountain”since ancient times.THE Taibai Mountain in Baoji,Shaanxi Province, is a range of major mountain peaks in the famous Qinling Mountains in China, having the highest peak east of the QinghaiTibet Plateau. Rising from the plains. 展开更多
关键词 PLAIN tai IMMORTAL
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Development of Experiential Live-action Performance Products in Tai’an City:A Case Study of“Chinese Taishan·Fengshan Grand Ceremony”
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作者 LIU Yi GENG Xin GUAN Rui 《Journal of Landscape Research》 2023年第5期75-78,共4页
Live-action performances are a new form of performances that combine culture and tourism.The rise of live-action performance products has brought new vitality to the development of tourism,has strong development poten... Live-action performances are a new form of performances that combine culture and tourism.The rise of live-action performance products has brought new vitality to the development of tourism,has strong development potential,can better meet the needs of tourists for immersive experience,and maintain long-term development of tourism in a region.In this paper,a live-action tourism performance product“Chinese Taishan·Fengshan Grand Ceremony”was studied to discuss the development of experiential live-action tourism performance products in Tai’an City.Through the investigation and data statistics of tourists,by using the experience economy theory,tourist experience theory,statistical analysis and other means,some strategies for the development of live-action tourism performance products in Tai’an City were proposed to promote the development of tourism performance products in Tai’an City. 展开更多
关键词 Tourism performances Tourists’experience tai’an City
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Artificial Intelligence Model to Detect and Classify Arabic Dialects
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作者 Iman S. Alansari 《Journal of Software Engineering and Applications》 2023年第7期287-300,共14页
The Arabic Dialect (AD) detection method involves analyzing the matching sound wave for various characteristics that identify the speaker’s dialect. Among these features are accent, intonation, stress, vowel length, ... The Arabic Dialect (AD) detection method involves analyzing the matching sound wave for various characteristics that identify the speaker’s dialect. Among these features are accent, intonation, stress, vowel length, vowel type, and other acoustic characteristics. Data from different speakers of different dialects is usually used in training machine learning algorithms. Based on this data, an algorithm is created to accurately identify the speaker’s dialect. Arabic dialects can be detected and classified using several models and techniques available in literature. Various models have been proposed from different perspectives. Therefore, this paper discussed different studies about AD for building an understanding of conceptual deep learning model to detect and classify Arabic dialects. The model captured the semantic, syntactic, and phonological characteristics of these dialects using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs). The proposed model consists of six stages: Natural Language Processing (NLP) stage, feature engineering techniques, neural networks, language models, optimization techniques, and evaluation techniques. Each stage of the proposed model has several techniques that can be used to detect and classify AD. The accuracy and capability of the proposed model will be performed in the future work. 展开更多
关键词 AI Arabic dialect CNN RNN
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Hegel and the Antidialectic
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作者 Paul C.Mocombe 《Journal of Philosophy Study》 2023年第1期23-27,共5页
This work,using the case study of the Haitian Revolution,positions Paul C.Mocombe’s theory of antidialectic within Hegel’s dialectical reasoning.Mocombe posits that the antidialectical position in Hegel’s dialectic... This work,using the case study of the Haitian Revolution,positions Paul C.Mocombe’s theory of antidialectic within Hegel’s dialectical reasoning.Mocombe posits that the antidialectical position in Hegel’s dialectic is the position of each self-consciousness when they initially encounter each other at the onset of the master/slave dialectic.Whereas,the master seeks to move to the dialectical position in order to dominate and eliminate the original(antidialectical)position of the slave,the slave remains in this antidialectical position so long as they seek to fight against their enslavement for the purpose of maintaining and reproducing their original,antidialectical,position,which is social,political,economic,and ideological.In any other instances,they(the slaves)are either in the dialectical,seeking to maintain the status quo,or negative dialectical,seeking to integrate the status quo on equal footing with the master,positions. 展开更多
关键词 African-Americanization phenomenological structuralism Vodou religiosity Black Diaspora dialectICAL anti-dialectical Haitian Epistemology Vilokan/Haitian Idealism
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Relationship between the Three Laws of Dialectics of Nature and Agricultural Development
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作者 Qianru ZHU 《Asian Agricultural Research》 2023年第7期20-21,共2页
Based on the three laws of dialectics of nature-the law of unity of opposites, the law of mutual change of quality and the law of negation of negation, this paper analyzes the relationship between the three laws and a... Based on the three laws of dialectics of nature-the law of unity of opposites, the law of mutual change of quality and the law of negation of negation, this paper analyzes the relationship between the three laws and agricultural development, and proposes making good use of the three laws to promote the better development of agriculture and realize agricultural modernization. 展开更多
关键词 dialectics of nature Law of unity of opposites Law of mutual change of quality Law of negation of negation Agricultural development
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The health principle of TaiChi pile under fascia static pull
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作者 Zi-Li Zhang Ye Zhao +2 位作者 Xi Xu Zhen Wang Lu-Lu Wang 《TMR Non-Drug Therapy》 2023年第3期16-17,共2页
TaiChi pile function originated from the ancient health guidance method in China.Practice has proved that it plays a good role in removing diseases and fitness,prolonging life.Fascia is an anatomical structure formed ... TaiChi pile function originated from the ancient health guidance method in China.Practice has proved that it plays a good role in removing diseases and fitness,prolonging life.Fascia is an anatomical structure formed by connective tissue,one of the four tissues.It is an independent sensory organ and a tension network system running through the whole body[1]. 展开更多
关键词 removing originated tai
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热单Hitsong 引爆氛围潮TAI国际音乐节
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《China Textile》 2023年第5期63-63,共1页
2011年,东莞塘厦“越唱越红BAND音乐节”可以说是东莞第一次举办大型的户外音乐节。此后2015年南方草莓音乐节的引入更是创造了单天8万人入场的奇迹。此后几年,在东莞市文化部门的推动下,“爆米花音乐节”,“潮流东莞·火柴盒城市艺... 2011年,东莞塘厦“越唱越红BAND音乐节”可以说是东莞第一次举办大型的户外音乐节。此后2015年南方草莓音乐节的引入更是创造了单天8万人入场的奇迹。此后几年,在东莞市文化部门的推动下,“爆米花音乐节”,“潮流东莞·火柴盒城市艺术Time”等一系列以音乐为主题的系列也获得了极大的成功。东莞的独立音乐文化在整个南方具有一席之地,2023潮TAI国际音乐节落地虎门,蓄势待发引爆全场! 展开更多
关键词 国际音乐节 文化部门 户外音乐节 爆米花 tai 东莞
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TAIDEN台电会议系统应用于第43届东盟峰会
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作者 《演艺科技》 2023年第3期109-109,共1页
9月5日~7日,第43届东盟峰会在印度尼西亚首都雅加达举行,汇聚了包括东盟国家和东盟对话伙伴国在内的20多个国家领导人,以及联合国和世界银行等国际组织的代表团,共同聚焦东盟地区经济发展。此次峰会,采用了深圳市台电实业有限公司(TAID... 9月5日~7日,第43届东盟峰会在印度尼西亚首都雅加达举行,汇聚了包括东盟国家和东盟对话伙伴国在内的20多个国家领导人,以及联合国和世界银行等国际组织的代表团,共同聚焦东盟地区经济发展。此次峰会,采用了深圳市台电实业有限公司(TAIDEN,台电)HCS-8668系列无纸化多媒体会议终端,以及HCS-4891系列全数字会议单元,丰富的功能、便捷的操作、可靠的系统,保障会议稳定运行。 展开更多
关键词 多媒体会议 世界银行 东盟国家 HCS 无纸化 印度尼西亚 tai
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江西赣方言地理信息系统构建与应用
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作者 吴建华 涂浩文 +2 位作者 魏宁 刘迪宸 张勇生 《地理与地理信息科学》 CSCD 北大核心 2024年第4期8-14,94,共8页
语言资源的保护开发已上升为国家战略,为满足国家和地方对方言保护的迫切需求,亟须采用信息技术保护和传承方言。针对现有的方言地理信息系统在音像图文一体化管理、语情监测和自动化制图等方面存在的不足,该文构建了首个江西赣方言地... 语言资源的保护开发已上升为国家战略,为满足国家和地方对方言保护的迫切需求,亟须采用信息技术保护和传承方言。针对现有的方言地理信息系统在音像图文一体化管理、语情监测和自动化制图等方面存在的不足,该文构建了首个江西赣方言地理信息系统,从系统架构、系统功能、系统数据库等方面进行系统设计,使用GIS二次开发组件ArcGIS Engine和插件式开发方法构建系统,主要实现了多模态方言数据集成管理、方言资源统计、方言查询与定位、语情监测、方言特征自定义分类、方言特征制图、地理特征分析等特色功能,有助于江西方言的研究、保护与开发,同时对其他区域方言地理信息系统建设具有参考价值。 展开更多
关键词 赣方言 地理信息系统 语言资源 方言保护 方言系统
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老年初治肺结核中医证型与细胞因子及免疫表达的相关性分析 被引量:1
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作者 李玲 王涛 +1 位作者 梁建琴 丁红 《中国医刊》 CAS 2024年第5期505-508,共4页
目的 观察老年初治肺结核患者血清中细胞因子及TB淋巴细胞亚群的表达水平,探究中医证型与细胞因子、TB淋巴细胞表达之间的关系。方法 纳入2016年5月至2021年12月解放军总医院第八医学中心结核医学部收治的初治老年肺结核病患者322例作... 目的 观察老年初治肺结核患者血清中细胞因子及TB淋巴细胞亚群的表达水平,探究中医证型与细胞因子、TB淋巴细胞表达之间的关系。方法 纳入2016年5月至2021年12月解放军总医院第八医学中心结核医学部收治的初治老年肺结核病患者322例作为研究对象,根据辨证分型分为肺阴亏虚组78例、阴虚火旺组83例、气阴两虚组79例、阴阳两虚组82例。采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测血清中γ干扰素(IFN-γ)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、IL-5、IL-2、IL-6、IL-8、IL-17、IL-4、IL-10等细胞因子的表达水平,流式细胞仪测定TB淋巴细胞亚群中CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)、B细胞、NK细胞的绝对数及CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)T细胞比值,并将测定结果进行统计学分析。结果 四组肺结核患者IL-β、IL-5、IL-2、IL-17、IL-4、IL-10水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。气阴两虚组IFN-γ水平显著高于其他三组(P<0.05);阴阳两虚组TNF-α水平显著高于其他三组(P<0.05);阴阳两虚组、气阴两虚组、阴虚火旺组、肺阴亏虚组的IL-6水平依次降低(P<0.05);阴阳两虚组IL-8水平显著高于其他三组,气阴两虚组高于肺阴亏虚组、阴虚火旺组(P<0.05)。CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)、B细胞、NK细胞绝对数在阴阳两虚组、气阴两虚组、阴虚火旺组、肺阴亏虚组依次降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。阴阳两虚组CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)T细胞比值显著高于其他三组,肺阴亏虚组、阴虚火旺组、气阴两虚组组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 不同证型的老年肺结核病患者细胞因子及免疫细胞表达存在差异性,可作为中医辨证论治的客观参考标准之一,为临床辨证治疗提供一定参考。 展开更多
关键词 老年肺结核 中医证型 细胞因子 淋巴细胞亚群 辨证论治
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基于大模型的知识生产与启蒙辩证法 被引量:2
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作者 高奇琦 《江苏社会科学》 北大核心 2024年第1期46-56,I0002,I0003,共13页
人们在使用大模型的过程中,会存在某种程度的幻觉,即认为大模型无所不知和无所不能。正因为这种幻觉的存在,大模型可能会从启蒙的理性变成新的启蒙神话。启蒙的意义在于保持一种开放性,而启蒙的神话就表明了这种开放性的消失。大模型的... 人们在使用大模型的过程中,会存在某种程度的幻觉,即认为大模型无所不知和无所不能。正因为这种幻觉的存在,大模型可能会从启蒙的理性变成新的启蒙神话。启蒙的意义在于保持一种开放性,而启蒙的神话就表明了这种开放性的消失。大模型的发展无疑会加剧世界的数学化。在此背景之下,权证就构成了未来数字世界的基本通货。过度的数学化也酝酿了新的工具理性危险。作为新的技术,大模型全面展示了知识与权力的关系。大模型拥有巨大的整合力,正在实现新型的知识大一统。这种弥散化的超能力会进入知识生产的各个领域,没有个体可以逃脱这种超能力的捕捉。大模型会进一步加剧知识工业化,这将导致更为严重的意识形态问题。一方面,大模型本身有其意识形态。另一方面,大模型更加深刻的意识形态会隐含在其免费模式和消费模式之中,同时想象的知识共同体最终又会服务于知识霸权。面对知识工业化的风险,应该建立知识生产的“手工绿洲”,用荒谬、隐喻和修辞来对抗理性,让人类保有通过具身体验来创造知识的能力,并且要避免同一性和绝对正确的神话。 展开更多
关键词 大模型 人工智能 ChatGPT 启蒙辩证法 工具理性
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