Estimation of evapotranspiration with drainage lysimeters in the Taihang Mountain area,China

In this research, the evapotranspiration （ET） of three native vegetation communities were measured using drainage lysime- ters in the Taihang Mountain area, China. They are a local grass, Themedajaponica, a local shrub, Vitex negundo var. heterophylla Rebd. and a mixture of both communities. The ET was measured using level lysimeters （with a slope of 0°） and slope lysimeters （with a slope of 25°）. In general, the measured ET was higher in the level lysimeters than in the slope lysimeters because of the water loss of surface runoff from the slope lysimeter. The total ETs over the growing season for the grass, shrub, and the mixture were 730.4, 742.0 and 790.7 mm, respectively in the level lysimeters, and 535.5, 504.1 and 540.1 mm, respectively in the slope lysimeters. In addition, the monthly ET peaked in August and had close linear relationship with leaf area index. The drainage lysimeter is an effective tool to estimate plant ET in mountain areas. The results from this research would provide scientific information for the vegetation recovery and sustainable development of forestry in the TM areas.

Evaluation of the production-living-ecology space function suitability of Pingshan County in the Taihang mountainous area,China

A rational utilization of land is a matter of importance in sustainable development of mountainous area.The land function in mountainous areas has a close connection with space structure of ecology,production and living.To promote a harmonious development of the relationship between people and nature in mountainous areas,it is necessary to coordinate their relationships of space functions.Suitability evaluation of basic unit function associated with multi-scale space analysis is a prerequisite to a reasonable optimization of land function structure.In this study,an optimized evaluation index system of combination functions was introduced into the assessment of ecological spatial functional suitability in ecological fragile regions by adding three indicators,namely,soil erosion sensitivity,landscape ecological risk and ecological sensitivity.The principle of"taking high"(referred to a function with high suitability to be regarded as the main function of an evaluation unit)and ecological priority(referred to the case,supposing the suitability of a unit’s three functions is consistent,the main function is determined to be the ecological function)were used to determine the main function of an evaluation unit.Pingshan County,China,located at the eastern foot of the Taihang Mountain,was targeted in this case study.The production-livingecology space(PLES)function in Pingshan was identified by applying our improved valuation indexes.Further,the functional suitability distribution of the combination of elements was obtained by using overlapping comprehensive analysis method,considering the tradeoff of the functional suitability of combination elements.The regions suitable for production/living were distributed in relatively flat piedmont plains,whereas the regions suitable for ecology were distributed in the mountain areas of middle and low altitudes.Therefore,to maintain a sustainable development in mountainous areas,an improved scheme of development for Pingshan should be to delineate ecologically fragile areas,to build ecological industrial parks near existing scenic spots,to protect basic agricultural production areas,and to increase investment in science and technology,including reasonable ecological compensation.This study can provide reference for the planning of sustainable development in the Taihang Mountain area and similar regions.

Current Situation of Information Demand of Farmers in Taihang Mountain Area: A Case Study of Pingshan County in Hebei Province

Since the reform and opening-up,economy of mountain areas in China has realized considerable development.However,due to such factors as terrain,traffic,and individual differences,compared with plain and coastal areas,mountain areas still lag far behind.In recent years,informationization construction of China develops rapidly,but it nearly stagnates in mountain rural areas.Information has become an essential factor restricting economic development of rural areas.Based on the survey of current information demand of farmers carried out in Pingshan County in Hebei Province in 2010,this study came up with relevant recommendations,in order to speed up development of rural economic in mountain areas,narrow the regional gap,improve living condition of farmers in mountain areas,and increase income level of farmers in mountain areas.

Analysis on Change Tendency of the Precipitation Resource during Growth Period of the Conventional Crops in Plain Area before Taihang Mountains

[Objective] The aim was to study change tendency of the precipitation resource during growth period of the conventional crops in plain area before Taihang Mountains. [ Method] Based on daily precipitation data at Shijiazhuang meteorological station in recent 51 years, average rainfall dudng growth periods of the 9 kinds of conventional crops was obtained. Precipitation tendency dudng growth periods of the 9 kinds of conventional crops in plain area before Taihang Mountains was analyzed by Mann-Kendall nonparametric test. [ Result] Seen from rainfall during growth pedods of the different crops, rainfall was the least during the growth period of winter wheat, followed by summer corn. Rainfall during growth peri- ods of the cotton, oil plant, vegetable, fruit tree, potato, rice and legumes was more. Under different guaranteed rates, precipitation change also had difference. Rainfall change during growth periods of the wheat and corn was bigger, and rainfall change during growth period of the rice was smaller. Change degree of the precipitation during growth periods of the cotton, oil plant, vegetable, fruit tree and legumes was equivalent, while precipitation change during growth period of the potato was the biggest. Seen from change tendency of the precipitation during growth periods of the different crops, precipitation in the growth period of winter wheat was increasing at a speed of 0.62 mm/a. However, precipitation in growth periods of the other crops had a decreasing tendency. Precipitation in the growth periods of summer corn and legumes decreased at the same speed which was 2.11 mm/a, while precipitation in growth periods of the cotton, oil plant, vegetable, fruit tree, potato and rice decreased insignificantly. [ Con dusion] The study laid foundation for determination of the agricultural irrigation water and provided theoretical reference for regional agricultural water-saving.

基于“源-汇”理论的山区农村居民点“三生空间”优化研究——以井陉县为例

本研究根据农村居民点以及太行山区县域“三生空间”分布特征,基于“源-汇”理论和MCR模型,从生态源地扩张和生产源地扩张的角度,依据“三生”功能构建阻力面指标体系,计算最小累积阻力面差,实现县域“三生空间”的划分和农村居民点分类整治优化。结果表明:(1)基于“源-汇”理论的最小累积阻力模型在山区“三生空间”格局构建,农村居民点分类整治中具有相容性和可行性;(2)研究区以生态保护区和生态优化区为主,生态空间占比59.5%,以生态功能为主,农村居民点分布中生产功能占比62.7%,以生产功能导向为主,因此,乡村整治要根据农村居民所处的主导功能分类整治;(3)乡村整治应综合考虑农村居民点的生活、生产、生态功能特征,分类促进山区乡村振兴和生态文明建设。

中国革命与中国调查:以太行根据地调查文本和实践为考察中心

抗战全面爆发后中国共产党东渡黄河开辟华北根据地,太行是其中重要的一块。面对复杂的政治局面、残酷的战争环境和广大农村的地域传统,中共结合形势发展及政权建设的需要,开展了规模化的调查研究。通过对支部发展状况和群众动员的调查,中共有针对性地作出适时调整,极大地推进了支部的建立巩固,也形塑了良好的党群关系。正是经过战争年代的斗争洗礼,调查研究不仅成为中共普遍性的工作方法,而且因其始终贯穿于根据地的党政建设和社会改造,逐步发展成为具有独特政党色彩的原则理念及社会治理范式。

太行抗日根据地农业劳动互助组织机制研究

为了充分利用根据地的剩余劳动力,提高根据地农业生产水平,毛泽东在1943年发出“组织起来”的号召。太行抗日根据地党委与政府充分整合现有资源,建立起党委领导下的政府与群团组织协同负责的领导体系,在原有的劳动互助习惯上创新互助形式,以自愿结合、等价交换、民主平等原则赋予劳动互助组织新的内涵,形成了以劳动模范为中心的新式劳动互助组织,通过群众讨论民主制定组织制度,巩固了劳动互助组织,在实践探索与总结中创建了一套行之有效的组织机制。

南太行自然保护地空间分布格局及交叉重叠关系研究

以南太行地区5种类型99处国家级和省级自然保护地为研究对象,运用最邻近点指数、地理集中指数和核密度分析法并借助GIS的空间分析功能,对南太行自然保护地的空间分布特征以及交叉重叠情况进行定性和定量分析。结果表明,南太行自然保护地森林公园的数量最多,自然保护区面积最大,长治市内的保护地分布数量最多,整体呈集聚的空间分布类型;其保护地按照密度值可分为3档,大多为点状分布,高密度区主要呈带状和团块状分布在南太行东部地带及部分南部地区;99处保护地中存在27处交叉重叠,风景名胜区交地质公园是最多的重叠类型。

抗日根据地“新式家庭”的历史建构——以太行区李来成家庭为中心

20世纪40年代,为了动员群众以便更好地开展大生产运动,中国共产党结合晚清尤其是新文化运动以来知识分子家庭革命观与马克思主义妇女解放理论,对根据地家庭问题进行了理论探索与实践创新。于是,太行区襄垣县李来成家庭作为“新式家庭”的典型应时代发展需求而生,其特点在于提倡民主家风、制订生产节约计划以及建立相关激励机制。通过主流媒体宣传与文娱宣传,该家庭模式从太行区推广到各抗日根据地,在建构“新民主主义”革命话语、开展农业社会主义改造、推动农村妇女解放乃至建设社会主义精神文明等方面产生了深远影响。尽管李来成家庭在1945年以后逐渐淡出媒体,但其为中国进行农村家庭变革以及建构农民集体主义理念提供了重要历史借鉴。

供需关系下保定太行山区生态系统服务时空演化研究

为明确区域生态系统服务供给和需求的匹配关系,实现区域生态和社会经济的可持续发展,基于InVEST模型,量化太行山区保定段8个县域2005-2020年粮食供给和碳固定服务的供给量和需求量,对供需关系的时空特征进行研究,并为保定太行山区的生态系统服务管理提出合理建议。研究结果显示:(1)2005-2020年保定太行山区的粮食供给服务供给量呈现波动上升的趋势,需求量和供需比呈现持续上升的趋势;产水服务供给量和需求量呈现逐步上升的趋势,而供需比呈先上升后下降的趋势;碳固定服务供给量呈现先下降后上升的趋势,需求量呈现持续增长的趋势,供需比呈先上升后下降的趋势。(2)2005-2020年保定太行山区的粮食供给-产水-碳固定服务和3种生态系统服务的供需比均呈现"西北高,东南低"的分布特征。(3)2005-2020年保定太行山区的3种生态系统服务均以高供给低需求的供需特征为主,粮食供给-产水-碳固定服务的供需以供给大于需求为主。研究结果有助于了解保定太行山区的生态系统服务供需均衡匹配状况,并指导生态系统的管理和规划。

河北省太行山区绿色农业发展问题与路径优化研究

发展绿色农业是推动现代农业高质量发展的必然要求。作为京津冀生态屏障的太行山区要统筹农业发展与生态保护,将山区资源优势转化为产业优势,推动农业绿色发展。河北省太行山区具备发展绿色农业的资源优势和产业基础,也存在着土地细碎化、产业化程度低、劳动力老龄化等问题。着力培育新型经营主体以发挥示范带动作用、加快土地流转以实现规模化作业、成立科技创新联盟以突破共性关键技术、打造区域公用品牌以提升产品市场竞争力,从而推动河北省太行山区绿色农业发展。

河南省南太行地区生态空间识别及演化分析

生态空间是指具有自然属性、以提供生态服务或生态产品为主体功能的国土空间,在维护生物多样性、保障生态安全等方面有着重要地位。南太行地区是华北平原的生态屏障,通过多期遥感解译、运用土地利用类型归并法对河南省南太行地区的生态空间进行识别,并对其演变过程进行分析。结果发现:(1)研究区生态空间格局变化明显,生态空间规模锐减,非生态空间迅速扩张;(2)各类型生态空间在不同时期内均有不同幅度的变化,整体呈下降趋势,生态农地空间是减幅最大的地类,研究区非农化趋势明显,而生态绿地空间小幅度减少,面积占比较为稳定,保证了研究区生态空间的平稳;(3)自然因素长期影响生态空间格局,而人文因素如城镇发展战略和国家政策对研究区的生态空间格局变化有着决定性的作用,人口、科技和社会经济发展是短时间尺度上造成生态空间变化的重要驱动因素。研究结果可为该地区的生态环境保护提供依据。

太行抗日根据地劳动互助的实践与经验

全面抗战时期,日伪军对我抗日根据地持续不断地扫荡,根据地人财物损失惨重,国民党政府又停止对八路军供给,并对根据地实行经济封锁;加之自然灾害的严重,中国共产党领导的太行抗日根据地面临严重危机。中国共产党为了坚持长期抗战,保证粮食产量,改善农民生活,将农民组织起来劳动互助,解决了农民土地问题与生产困难,同时开展生产竞赛、选树劳动英雄,提高了农民的觉悟与生产积极性。计折工制度与民主作风成为互助组平稳运行的两大支柱,因地制宜的组织形式则保证劳动互助能够扎根于复杂的战争环境中,展现出强大韧性。太行抗日根据地劳动互助中形成的坚持党的领导、贯彻群众路线、加强制度建设的历史经验,对实现乡村振兴仍有所裨益。

基于域—生物群系—功能群分类的生态系统类型识别及时空格局变化分析——以河北省太行山区为例

[目的]科学识别河北省太行山区生态系统类型,是理解河北省太行山区生态系统时空分布格局和支撑生态系统分类管理的基础。[方法]基于域—生物群系—功能群(RBE)的分类原理,构建了包括3个1级,8个2级和24个3级类的生态系统分类体系,并集成多源数据,开展了2000和2020年的河北省太行山区生态系统的分类制图。基于RUSLE模型、InVEST模型和热点分析等方法,分析生态系统服务的时空格局演变。[结果]①河北省太行山区20 a间建设用地生态系统增加最多,主要来自农田生态系统。农田生态系统缩减了61105.95 hm^(2),以雨养农田为主。受人类活动的影响,河流和人工湿地面积分别增加了5584.32和2535.66 hm^(2),而林地和草地生态系统减幅分别为0.96%和8.18%。未利用地生态系统受研究区生态保护措施影响减少5800.68 hm^(2)。②生态系统服务值受生态系统类型分布影响总体呈现西高东低的分布格局,除粮食供给服务为西低东高,主要是由于农田主要分布在东部地区。③冷热点区域空间分布整体上具有重叠性,但仍有差异。[结论]提出的分类体系具有可行性,分类精度达到80%以上,符合研究区的生态系统类型变化趋势,可为识别山区生态系统分类和生态系统保护修复政策提供科学支撑,进而促进山区生态发展目标和可持续发展的实现。

河北省太行山域白瓷艺术研究

作为中国北方重要的白瓷生产区,太行山白瓷以其鲜明的艺术风格和精湛技艺而知名。通过分析邢窑白瓷历史起源、艺术表现、技术发展及对陶瓷艺术史的贡献,揭示了其艺术与文化价值,为理解和研究中国北方陶瓷艺术提供了新视角。

太行敌后抗日根据地会道门改造探析

抗战时期,太行地区会道门的发展危害了社会安定,对太行敌后根据地的建设与发展形成威胁,取缔会道门势在必行。党在根据地内对会道门进行了深入的调查,广泛宣传改造的政策与方针,使得大量民众认清了会道门的罪恶本质;与此同时也在太行根据地建立了自上而下的保卫机构,有条件的争取与打击会道门首领,积极建设基层政权,取缔与改造了大量的会道门,为抗战胜利奠定了坚实的群众基础与社会基础。

太行抗日根据地干部理论教育的历史考察和现实启示

干部教育是涉及革命成败的重要举措。太行抗日根据地针对干部理论基础薄弱的现状多措并举,通过兴办干部学校、创办党报党刊、开展整风运动等措施大规模进行干部理论教育,极大地提高了广大干部的马克思主义理论素养,为赢得抗战胜利奠定了坚实的人才基础。全面考察太行抗日根据地干部理论教育的历史,对于新时代强化干部理论教育具有重要的启示作用。

军队与政权:抗战时期太行根据地的军政关系

军政关系的和谐,对于推动抗战胜利有着至关重要的作用。全面抗战时期,中国共产党领导的军政机关在太行根据地采取了一系列措施。八路军通过拥政爱民、加强地方武装、协助抗日政府和提升军队干部素质等,为抗日民主政权提供安全保障;抗日民主政府通过广泛动员民众参军支前、拥军优属等,为八路军提供全方位支持。良好的军政关系为八路军的发展壮大,为太行抗日根据地的巩固发展,为抗日战争的胜利做出了重要贡献,积累了宝贵的经验。

河北省B市太行山区乡土文化创新发展路径研究

乡土文化在乡村发展中起着至关重要的作用,重视乡土文化的价值,做好优秀乡土文化的创新发展工作,可以促进太行山区的乡村振兴。河北省B市太行山区乡土文化历史悠久、丰富多彩。在乡土文化创新发展过程中,存在着氛围淡薄、人才缺乏、内涵缺失及乡土文化开发形式单一等问题。河北省B市太行山区乡土文化的创新发展需要激发农民的内生动力,营造良好的乡土文化创新发展氛围,培养和吸纳乡土人才,丰富乡土文化产品类型,并有计划地进行乡土文化开发,从而助推太行山区实现乡村振兴。

由晋入闽:太行解放区南下干部征粮工作研究

解放战争后期,太行解放区南下干部到达福建新区开展接管建政工作。为保证解放战争的顺利进行,征粮成为太行解放区南下干部兼具重要性、迫切性与复杂性的工作。在征粮工作中,南下干部面临着对福建新区了解较少、语言不通、群众发动不充分、缺少征粮干部、土匪与反动势力破坏等困难。面对这些困难,太行解放区南下干部积极发挥自身丰富的老解放区工作经验优势,通过开展新干部培训、深入发动群众、建立农协会、实行合理负担、剿匪等工作,顺利完成征粮任务,为南下大军顺利入闽、福建新区基层政权改造奠定了坚实的物质基础。